Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders for Terminal Patients with Cancer in Teaching Hospitals of Korea

Kim, Do Yeun,Lee, Kyoung Eun,Nam, Eun Mi,Lee, Hye Ran,Lee, Keun-Wook,Kim, Jee Hyun,Lee, Jong Seok,Lee, Soon Nam Mary Ann Liebert 2007 Journal of palliative medicine Vol.10 No.5

<P>OBJECTIVES: To examine the current practices relating to do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders for terminal patients with cancer at teaching hospitals in Korea. METHODS: The records of 387 deaths from January 1 to December 31, 2005 at four cancer centers were identified and reviewed to assess the DNR delineation. Basic demographics, circumstances surrounding the establishment of the DNR directive, the percentage of orders for identified populations, and the time interval between DNR consent and death were evaluated. RESULTS: An order of DNR consent was obtained from 296 patients (76%) of a total of 387 patients. All DNR consents were made between the physician and family, without involving the patient. Written preprinted DNR consent forms were used in 169 (57%) cases and 127 patients (43%) had verbal DNR permission. DNR consent was interpreted in two ways: one forbade resuscitation in two hospitals and the other implied limited care in two other hospitals. A unilateral physician decision to withhold cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was decided for 62 (16%) patients. Terminal CPR was performed on 29 (7%) patients. DNR discussion was made within 7 days of the day of death on 228 (77%) patient among the 296 DNR consenting patients. CONCLUSION: From our teaching-hospital-based analysis of terminal cancer patients in Korea, consent for a DNR order was common. However, DNR order forms were not standardized and lacked room to document patient involvement in the decision. Usually the DNR decision was made within last days of the patient's life. Our results reflect the need for the improvement of end-of-life care decisions in Korea.</P>

An Evaluation of Nutrition Support for Terminal Cancer Patients at Teaching Hospitals in Korea

Do Yeun Kim,Sang Min Lee,Kyoung Eun Lee,Hye Ran Lee,김지현,Keun-Wook Lee,Jong Seok Lee,Soon Nam Lee 대한암학회 2006 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.38 No.4

Purpose: We wanted to analyze the use of nutrition support for terminal cancer patients, the effect of discussing withdrawal of nutrition support and do-not- resuscitate (DNR) consent on the use of intravenous nutrition during the patient’s last week of life and at the time of death.Materials and Methods: The study involved 362 patients with terminal cancer from four teaching hospitals, and they all died between January 1 2003 and December 31 2005. The basic demographic data, the use of intravenous nutrition during the patient’s last week of life and at death, discussion of terminal nutrition withdrawal and DNR consent were evaluated.Results:In the week before death, the patients received artificial nutrition such as total parenteral nutrition (31%), intravenous albumin infusion (25%), and feeding tube placements (9%). A discussion concerning withdrawal of nutrition support was limited to 25 (7%) patients. DNR consent was obtained from 294 (81%) patients. None of the patients were directly involved in any of these decisions. The discussion about withdrawal of terminal nutrition and DNR consent with the patient’s surrogates did not have any effect on reducing the use of parenteral nutrition.Conclusion: The majority of patients dying of terminal cancer were still given potentially futile nutritional support. Modern clinical guidelines and ethical education about nutritional support at the end of life care is urgently needed in Korean medical practice to provide proper administration of terminal nutrition for end of life care. (Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38:214-217)

韓方看護師의 役割에 대한 硏究

옥도훈,박찬국,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1999 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.5 No.1

The goal of this study is to review and define the role of nurses who are engaged in Korea Oriental treatments in oriental medical hospitals. We think this study can contribute to the development of "Korea Oriental medical science & nursing science" and "Public health care". A large portion of nurses's role in Korea Medicine(KOM. 한방/한의학) is assistance to doctors treatment. But besides of these role, we think there are many things that are riskless for nurses to do alone. But in present situation, few nurses in KOM, have enough knowledge to treat these medical treatments alone. So we believe this study will provide a way for nurses to participate more actively in KOM public health care. So we believe this study will provide a way for nurses that have been practiced in oriental medical health care. With the goal of this study, we checked all medical treatments that have been practiced in oriental medical hospitals, and classified these treatments with some groups. And we organized a inquiry. At this inquiry, we ask "What is th adequate role of nurses in Korea Oriental medical treatment? & What kind of treatment can nurses do?" We got 58 responses from nationwide 121 hospitals. From these response, more than half of them said nurses can do following medical treatment in the oriental medical hospital: 1. starting and ending part of following treatments; External treatments by instrument, by hydrotherapy, by herb, by suction, moxibustion, Manipulative therapies on soft structure, Living and mind-body therapies. 2. pulling out Acupuncture. 3. boiling herb, judgement on dosing temperature, assisting in dosing, 4. assisting Diet. 5. operating from Living and mind-body therapies. 6. leading Physical training However, these results are coming out from present situation. So, after well-oriented instructions for nurses, this study will be need to carry out again. From this study, we suggest a desirable curriculum for students who study "Korea Oriental Nursing Science". That is to say, at basic course students take 4 subject for 6 credit. And at as an expert course, it should be dividend into Clinical Nursing Specialist in KOM,. Self-care Nursing Specialist and take 17credits per each course.

2008학년도 진로 의식조사 : 제주대학교 3ㆍ4학년 재학생을 중심으로

김경순,김두화 제주대학교 직업능력개발원 2009 學生生活硏究 Vol.30 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the career consciousness of Jeju university students and to provide basic materials which can help them to understand the career guidance as well counseling. The data was obtained through the survey asked a number of senior and junior students at Jeju university in December 2008. The information gathered, which resulted in 223 responses that have been used in the study, was analyzed by frequency using SPSS/PC 12.0 program. The results of this study are the following: First, we need to provide specific career information and practical education to help the student employment and to increase the interest of students in major by strengthening the major training course. Second, we need to provide specific and systematic career counseling system. Even though students have various ideas of their career, they do not effort any preparation to get their own job. To tell the truth, they do not have a mind of concrete career. They just collect some information related to the job or are interested in seeking information of career. Actually, they do not have enough confidence to get job because of lack of aptitude and desire about their career. Students do not have the necessary know-how for the employment, therefore they need to be offered systematic information from the university, which is requested the thoughtful consideration of finance and policy in order to quickly adjust themselves to their environment, character and interest. Third, various career counseling programs need to be developed and applied to each student to prepare an opportunity for employment according to their learning stages. The field of support needs to expand increase of job preparation education, English education, humanity or sociality programs, drawing up resume and the interview training course. Fourth, we need to develop various programs considering necessity and specific of each college. Fifth, it seems to be a different approach according to gender. Girls in university have been relatively eager to have job-seeking than boys. However, their preparation level and motivation are generally low. Colleges' career support system and organization utility have been uneffective because their programs have been not specified for women. It is important to offer various counsel and guidance to women. Sixth, a professor of college emphasized to increase career counsel with their students because it would give an important solution for students to have job-seeking. In addition, possible follow-up projects are proposed in the limitations of the study.

간호대학생의 감성지능, 돌봄효능감, 회복탄력성이 임상실습만족도에 미치는 영향

김순구(Soon-Gu Kim),도은수(Eun-Su Do) 한국산학기술학회 2019 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.20 No.8

본 연구는 간호대학생의 감성지능, 돌봄효능감, 회복탄력성과 임상실습만족도간의 관련성을 파악하고 임상실습만족도에 미치는 영향요인을 규명하고자 한다. 연구대상자는 D시, K시, G도에 소재한 5개의 대학교를 임의 선정하여 간호학과 재학 중이며 임상실습경험이 있는 3,4 학년 학생 총 253명 이었다. 자료 수집은 2018년 10월 1일부터 11월 23일까지 자기보고식 설문조사로 수집되었다. 수집된 자료는 PASW/WIN 20.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, 독립집단 t-test, one-way ANOVA, 사후분석은 Scheffe test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, Stepwise multiple regression으로 분석하였다. 연구결과는 일반적 특성에서 전공만족도가 높은 경우 임상실습만족도가 유의하게 높았다. 주요변인의 평균은 5점 만점에 감성지능은 3.63점, 돌봄효능감은 3.69점, 회복탄력성은 3.79점, 임상실습만족도는 3.46점이었다. 임상실습만족도는 감성지능, 돌봄효능감, 회복탄력성간에 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었으며, 간호대학생의 감성지능, 돌봄효능감, 회복탄력성이 높을수록 임상실습만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 임상실습만족도에 영향을 미치는 변인은 돌봄효능감, 회복탄력성, 감성지능 순이었으며, 설명력은 43.4%이었다. 따라서 본 연구결과를 토대로 간호대학생의 임상실습만족도를 향상시키기 위하여 돌봄효능감, 회복탄력성, 감성지능을 높일 수 있는 교육프로그램 개발이 필요하다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the satisfaction with clinical practice, the emotional intelligence, the caring efficacy and the resilience of nursing students, and also to identify the factors affecting their satisfaction with clinical practice. The subjects of this study were 253 third and fourth year nursing students who had experience with clinical practice at 5 colleges in D and K cities and G do. The data was collected by using self-reported questionnaires from October 1 to November 23, 2018. The data was then analyzed using an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson"s correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis with the PASW/WIN 20.0 program. Satisfaction with clinical practice was significantly different according to satisfaction with nursing as a major. Satisfaction with clinical practice had significant correlations with emotional intelligence, caring efficacy and resilience. The factors affecting the satisfaction with clinical practice were caring efficacy, resilience and emotional intelligence, and the explanatory power of these models was 43.4%. Therefore, these results imply the need to develop education programs to improve caring efficacy, resilience and emotional intelligence, because all of these factors will contribute to the nursing students" satisfaction of clinical practice.

한.터키 FTA 협상 분석을 통한 우리나라의 대응방안에 관한 연구

정분도(Boon-Do Jeong),김지훈(Ji-Hoon Kim),장효순(Hyo-Soon Jang) 한국무역연구원 2010 貿易 硏究 Vol.6 No.4

This study aims to analyse the progress of FTA between Korea and Turkey and develop our countermeasures which will enhance economic cooperation between the two counties. For the purpose, it analysed the conditions of economic exchanges between Korea and Turkey using bibliographical studies and data published by Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, Knowledge Hub for Creative Solutions, Korea Exim Bank, and Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. To analyse indexes on trade, it used data presented by Korea International Trade Association(KITA), Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Corporation(KOTRA), Korea Exim Bank, Turkey Office of Statistics, various web sites, statistical data and newspaper articles. As a result, it was discovered that it is significant to analyse the conditions of economic exchanges with Turkey and their strategic values as FTA between Korea and Turkey which concluded a customs union with EU is actively progressing as Korean and EU FTA will be in effect soon. In addition, the agreement should develop countermeasures to increase export to neighboring markets of the Middle East and Southeast Asia through investment to Turkey as well as domestic markets of Turkey.

糖, 아미노酸 및 無機窒素化合物이 人蔘褐變促進에 미치는 影響

都在浩,金相達,吳勳一,洪淳根 한국응용생명화학회 1982 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.25 No.3

紅蔘褐變의 適合한 促進方法을 究明하기 위하여 人蔘에 糖, amino酸 및 無機窒素化合物을 處理한 結果 糖類中에서는 maltose와 glucose가 가장 强한 褐變促進作用을 나타내었다. amino酸은 basic amino acid인 lysine, histidine, arginine이 가장 크게 促進했으며 糖과 amino酸 混合處理에서는 glucose와 glutamic acid 退合處理區가 가장 크게 促進되었다. Glucose 濃度別 處理時의 褐變促進效果는 glucose濃度가 增加함에 따라 褐變이 促進되었으며 無機窒素化合物中에서는 urea>(NH₄)₂)HCO₃>COONH₄등의 順으로 褐變이 促進되었다. In order to find out pertinent methods for the acceleration of browing during ginseng processing, various treatments were made or fresh ginseng (Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer) with sugars, amino acids and inorganic nitrogenous compounds and the extent of browning was measured. Among sugars tested, maltose resulted in the greatest acceleration of browning followed in decreasing order by glucose and lactose, whereas pentoses, fructose, sucrose and raffinose had negligible effect. A marked browning occurred in ginseng treated with basic amino acids, while the extent of browning was not greatly increased when ginseng was treated with aliphatic amino acids, hydroxy amino acids, or acidic amino acids used in the experiment. Among treatments with sugar-amino acid mixture, a mixture of glucose with glutamic acid gave the greatest acceleration. The brown color intensity gradually increased with an increase in glucose concentration for up to 0.5M. inorganic nitrogenous compounds enhanced the browning in general, and the effect varied greatly with the different compounds.

官僚制的 組織構造에 대한 批判과 組織改革의 主流

朴雨淳,李道連 東亞大學校 1997 東亞論叢 Vol.34 No.-

Bereaucracy has been considered as one of the most influential structural form in organization history. Numerous organizational theorists devoted much time and efforts devoted much time and efforts in developing bureaucracy and replacing it in order to improve organizational performance,but they failed to invent an alternative Although it is obvious that bureaucracy will continue to exist, many researchers stand against bureaucratic structure because of its disfunction and maladaptation. THey argue that organizational reform is just another word for debureaucratization and bureaucracy put much constraints on organizational growth and performance improvement. In this paper the authors attempt a critical review on the argument that organizational reform can be achieved only through debureaucratization. Organizational reform literature reveals that organizational success is derived form flattening hierarchy or debureaucratization. The authors strobgly contend bureaucracy should be the point of departure in organizational change and reform, particularly in Korean bureaucracy which is completely different from that of western cultures.

전통조경요소의 키치적 변용과 그 양상

홍형순,이유경,김도경 한국정원학회 2002 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.20 No.4

This study aims to reveal the immanent cultural significance of traditional landscape elements that are modified into Kitsch and introduced in urban scenery. Traditional landscape elements are closely related to traditionalism and folk features ; they provide a basic framework for a system of thought in designing the landscape by introducing traditional landscape elements to modern urban scenery. The case study method was used to interpret the objective phenomena. Specifically, the descriptive study method was used to understand a certain phenomenon by determining its traits through the case study. This study covers traditional landscape elements that have been modified into Kitsch landscape elements as seen in urban scenery. Traditional landscape elements are classified by viewpoints of purposes. However, this study deals with only visible elements such as landscape constructions and facility elements and planting elements as subjects. Based on previous studies, this study focused on the following elements; 1) inadequacy/ incoherence elements; 2) accumulated/excessive elements; 3) conventional comfort/nostalgic elements; 4) exaggeration elements; 5) amusable satisfaction elements, and; 6) mosaic cultural elements. Kitsch as a cultural phenomenon was found to be prevalent in the area of landscape architecture. However, it has not attacted condiderable attention to date. An enhanced system of thought is therefore necessary for applying traditional landscape elements in the modern times, by analyzing and reviewing the cultural phenomana of Kitsch largely found in urban scenery. Likewise, an analysis considering how people recognize Kitsch-styled traditional landscape elements is recommended.

하드웨어/소프트웨어 분할을 위한 개선된 백트랙킹 방법

朴道淳,李免宰,吳周映 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2001 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.12 No.-

Embedded systems typically consist of application specific hardware parts and programmable parts,i.e processors like DSPs, core processors or ASIPs. In comparison to the hardware parts, the software parts can be developed and modified each easier. Thus software is less expensive in terms of costs and development time. Hardware however, provides better performance. For this reason, a system designer's goal is a system which fulfills all performance constraints by using as few as possible hardware. Hardware/Software codesign deals with the problem of designing embedded systems. This paper describe an improved approach in hardware/software partitioning. The approach is based on backtracking method to solve the partitioning problem. Because our algorithm use dynamic search order, pruning function, this algorithm will be more faster than simulated annealing for finding optimal partitioning.