Time-Related Changes in Detrusor Overactivity in Awake Rats with Spinal Cord Injury Observed by Simultaneous Registrations of Intravesical and Intraabdominal Pressures

Jin, Long-Hu,Shin, Hwa-Yoan,Yoon, Seung-Hwan,Seong, Do-Hwan,Park, Chang-Shin,Lee, Tack,Yoon, Sang-Min Korean Continence Society 2011 International Neurourology Journal Vol.15 No.1

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>To compare the physical characteristics of detrusor overactivity (DO) induced by intravesical infusion of saline in awake, sham rats and rats with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), by simultaneous registrations of intravesical and intraabdominal pressures.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Male Sprague-Dawley rats, normal or with a spinal vascular clip at the level of Th9, were investigated cystometrically 1 and 4 weeks after SCI. Intravesical pressure (IVP) and intraabdominal pressure (IAP) were recorded simultaneously to evaluate true DO. During the filling phase, the event of IVP rises, defined as increments that exceeded 2 cmH<SUB>2</SUB>O from baseline, were determined as DO according to the absence of simultaneous changes in IAP.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>All SCI rats exhibited DO during the filling phase, which was not shown in sham rats. The frequency and pressure of DO had a tendency to decrease with time. The DO frequency of SCI rats after 4 weeks (0.9±0.2 min<SUP>-1</SUP>) was decreased compared with that after 1 week (2.1±0.4 min<SUP>-1</SUP>; P<0.05). The DO pressure of SCI rats after 4 weeks (8.4±1.9 cmH<SUB>2</SUB>O) was decreased compared with that after 1 week (11.6±2.9 cmH<SUB>2</SUB>O; P>0.05).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Cystometric studies in awake male SCI rats showed some significant changes in bladder function after SCI. All SCI rats exhibited DO during the filling phase, and showed different physical characteristics of DO over the course of time. The neurological basis of these time-related changes remains poorly understood, but may provide important prognostic information about long-term urological management in SCI patients.</P>

DO와 ORP를 이용한 축산폐수처리 SBR운전 제어

전병희 ( Byong Hee Jun ),김도환 ( Do Hwan Kim ),최은희 ( Eun Hee Choi ),김성신 ( Sung Shin Kim ),김창원 ( Chang Won Kim ),배현 ( Hyeon Bae ) 한국물환경학회 2002 한국물환경학회지 Vol.18 No.5

A pilot scale SBR (working volume, 20㎥) treating piggery wastewater was operated with real wastewater. The operation mode of intermittent feeding of raw water and sub-cycle with repeating anoxic-aeration conditions were adapted to avoid the high-strength nitrogen inhibition. In sub-cycle, aeration time for nitrification was tried to be controled with ORP and/or DO meter. The characteristics of control was somewhat different between ORP and DO. DO showed potential ability to detect complete ammonia oxidation point by the first order differential values or absolute value. Especially, DO was proved to be useful for high loading rates. ORP indicated the ending point of nitrification by the plateau appearing after bending point. Because ORP can be utilized as a diagnosis tool by its good sensitivity for the microbial condition in reactor, the simultaneous application of DO and ORP was recommended for the stable control of SBR.

韓方看護師의 役割에 대한 硏究

옥도훈,박찬국,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1999 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.5 No.1

The goal of this study is to review and define the role of nurses who are engaged in Korea Oriental treatments in oriental medical hospitals. We think this study can contribute to the development of "Korea Oriental medical science & nursing science" and "Public health care". A large portion of nurses's role in Korea Medicine(KOM. 한방/한의학) is assistance to doctors treatment. But besides of these role, we think there are many things that are riskless for nurses to do alone. But in present situation, few nurses in KOM, have enough knowledge to treat these medical treatments alone. So we believe this study will provide a way for nurses to participate more actively in KOM public health care. So we believe this study will provide a way for nurses that have been practiced in oriental medical health care. With the goal of this study, we checked all medical treatments that have been practiced in oriental medical hospitals, and classified these treatments with some groups. And we organized a inquiry. At this inquiry, we ask "What is th adequate role of nurses in Korea Oriental medical treatment? & What kind of treatment can nurses do?" We got 58 responses from nationwide 121 hospitals. From these response, more than half of them said nurses can do following medical treatment in the oriental medical hospital: 1. starting and ending part of following treatments; External treatments by instrument, by hydrotherapy, by herb, by suction, moxibustion, Manipulative therapies on soft structure, Living and mind-body therapies. 2. pulling out Acupuncture. 3. boiling herb, judgement on dosing temperature, assisting in dosing, 4. assisting Diet. 5. operating from Living and mind-body therapies. 6. leading Physical training However, these results are coming out from present situation. So, after well-oriented instructions for nurses, this study will be need to carry out again. From this study, we suggest a desirable curriculum for students who study "Korea Oriental Nursing Science". That is to say, at basic course students take 4 subject for 6 credit. And at as an expert course, it should be dividend into Clinical Nursing Specialist in KOM,. Self-care Nursing Specialist and take 17credits per each course.

大衆民主主義의 向方

愼道晟 明知大學校 사회과학연구소 1983 社會科學論文集 Vol.- No.2-3

서구에 있어서 근대민주주의 혁명은 지방분권적이었던 봉건체제를 무너뜨리고, 일원적 권력통합을 이룩한 전제군주국가에 대한 반란에서 비롯되었다. 그것은 경제면에 있어서의 산업혁명과 병행하였는데 이러한 역사발전을 저초한 사상원리는 다같이 합리주의 와 개인주의였다. 개인주의와 합리주의는 고도의 자본주의 경제와 함께 대중민주주의의 정치체제를 탄생시켰다. 자본주의는 근 2세기 동안에 상공업의 비약적인 발전을 가져왔으며, 그것을 바탕으로한 근대국가는 개인의 자유로운 활동과 경쟁이 「보이지 않는 손」에 의해서 가장 합리적인 조화로 인도된다는 낙관론으로 가득차 있었다. 자유주의와 공리주의는 무한의 가능성을 나타내는 것 같았고, 「항상옳으며 항상 공공이익만을 추구하는 일반의사」 (J. J. Rousseau)에 의해 대의민주정치는 크게 성공하는 것처럼 보였다.

취업률 제고를 위한 대학의 마케팅 전략에 관한 연구 : 금융기관을 중심으로

신도길 大邱大學校 社會科學硏究所 1996 社會科學硏究 Vol.3 No.1

현재 국내의 대학의 국내외적으로 급격하게 변화하는 환경에 접하고 있다. 내적으로는 점차 공급자 시장으로부터 수요자 시장으로 변화하고 있고, 약 2006년에는 대학에 진학하고자 하는 학생수와 대학의 학생정원은 거의 같은 수치를 기록할 것으로 추정되고 있다. 한편 외적으로는 교육개바으로 인하여 외국의 대학들이 한국으로 진출할 것이 확실시되어 국내 대학들은 생존에 상당한 신경을 써야 할 것으로 사료된다. 이러한 살황에서 중·하위권을 점하고 있는 대학생들은 여러가지 조치를 강구해야 하나 그 중 중요한 것이 졸업생의 지로이다. 졸업생들의 진로는 크게 취업과 대학원 진학으로 나누어지는 관계로 이 두가지 진로를 담당하는 기구로 첫째 :각과 교수들의 노력 둘째 :학생들의 동기 유발 셋째 :각과들의 교수들의 노력과 학생들의 동기유발을 지원하는 취업유학정보센터 같은 이중 취업유학정보센터는 성격상 모든 학교 노력을 통합한다는 의미에서 역할의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 이 취업유학정보센터는 첫째 : 취업예비생을 선발하고 둘째 : 취업예비생을 교육/훈련시키고 셋째 : 학교의 대내 및 대외마케팅을 담당한다. 본 논문은 산업체, 특히 금융기관에서 요구하는 욕구를 파악해서 대학이 취업유학정보센터를 중심으로 하여 거기에 부응할 수 있는 프로그램을 개발하여 이것을 통하여 효율적인 대학의 취업 전략을 제시 하고자 한다.

경남지역 주요 약용작물의 해충 종류 조사

신현열,이동운,추호렬,정도철 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2002 농업생명과학연구 Vol.36 No.4

경남지역 주요 약용 작물 5종에 발생하는 해충과 기타 해로운 동물의 종류를 1999년과 2000년 2개년 동안 조사하였다. 홍화에서는 우엉수염진딧물과 꽃노랑총채벌레, 대만총채벌레, 오이총채벌레, 알락수염노린재를 포함한 13과 16속 20종이 확인되었으며, 산약에서는 꽃노랑총채벌레, 대만총채벌레, 애긴노린재를 포함한 6과 7속 10종이, 두충에서는 차주머니나방을 포함하여 6과 8속 8종이, 당귀에서는 대만총채벌레, 꽃노랑총채벌레, 차응애, 점박이응애, 복숭아혹진딧물을 포함한 11과 15속 16종이, 길경에서는 담배거세미나방, 파밤나방을 포함하여 10과 11속 14종의 해충이 확인되었다. Insect pests and some important arthropod pests infesting five medicinal crops were surveyed in Gyeongnam province in 1999 and 2000. Nineteen species of 16 genera in 12 families including Vroleucon gobonis, Frankliniella occidentalis, F. intonsa, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Thrips parmi, and Dolycoris baccarum were identified from safflower. Ten species of 7 genera in 6 families including F. occidentalis, F. intonsa, and Nysius plebejus from yam, 8 species of 8 genera in 6 families including Eumeta minuscula from hardy rubber-tree, 16 species of 14 genera in 11 families including F. occidentalis, F. intonsa, T. kanzawai, T. urticae and Myzus persicae from Angelica gigas, 15 species of 14 genera in 11 families including Spodoptera exigua, and S. litura from balloon flower.

정상적인 비유창성 발생에 관한 음운론적 연구

신명선,권도하 大邱大學校 障碍人綜合硏究所 1998 再活科學硏究 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구에서는 2-6세 사이의 정상 유아 50명을 대상으로 비유창성이 나타난 단어에서 어두음의 자음과 모음에 대한 발생 비교, 자음의 경우 조음 방법과 조음 위치에 의한 비유창성 발생 비교, 모음의 경우 단모음과 이중모음에 의한 비유창성 발생 비교, 각 음소별 비유창성 발생 비교 등에 따라 정상적인 비유창성의 음운론적인 특성을 밝히고자 하였다. 비유창성이 나타난 단어에서 어두음의 자음과 모음에 따른 비율이 3:1로 자음으로 시작되는 단어에서 많이 발생되었다. 자음에서 조음위치에 의한 비유창성 발생은 치조음, 연구개음, 양순음, 경구개음, 성문음 순으로 나타났고, 조음방법에 의한 비유창성 발생은 파열음, 비음, 마찰음, 파찰음, 유음 순으로 나타났다. 모음에서는 이중모음보다는 단모음에서 비유창성이 많이 발생되었고 각 음소별 비유창성 발생 빈도는 'ㄱ, ㅋ, ㄴ, ㅁ, ㅈ, ㅎ, ㅅ, ㅏ, ㅓ, ㄷ, ㅂ'의 순으로 나타났다. The subjects were 50 normal children at the age between two and six years who lived in Taegu at the time of the investigation. Each subject was asked to talk a story about the suggested pictures. Video tapes were made to analyze his/her speech sample for this study. The data were analyzed to know normal dysfluency occurrences according to the following study questions: 1. Is there any difference in normal dysfluency occurrences between Korean consonants and vowels? 2. Is there positional effects in normal dysfluency occurrences in the sentence? 3. Is there any specific phonemes which the stutters were experienced the difficulties? The results of this study were as follows. 1. There were significant differences between vowels and consonants in the normal dysfluency occurrences. The dysfluency occurred three times in the consonants than in the vowels. 2. The normal dysfluency was most observed in alveolars and velars according to position, and plosives and nasals according to manner. 3. Single vowels has 3 times more than diphthong in the normal dysfluency. 4. "ㄱ, ㅋ, ㄴ, ㅁ, ㅈ, ㅎ, ㅅ, ㅏ, ㅓ, ㄷ, ㅂ" were the ten high frequent phonemes occurred dysfluency in dysfluency or Korean phonemes.

터어키안 종양의 경접형골 수술례에 대한 임상분석

신동익,고영초,조맹기,황도윤 대한신경외과학회 1993 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.22 No.1

The most common severe cervical spine injury involving the posterior elements is subluxation or dislocation in which the posterior ligamentus complex is completely tom. Late instability is more common than previously realized, because ligamentous structures do not reconstitute normally. even with prolonged external rigid fixation. Subluxation of the cervical vertebrae in a flexion injury can be reduced by skeletal traction ; however, they usually require posterior stabilization. Unilateral and bilateral facet dislocation freqently require open reduction and posterior stabilization. The authors have used interlaminar clamps for the stabilization of thirty cases of unstable cervical spine. Advantages of this method are 1) immediate and rigid stabilization without cord injury. 2) early ambulation and prevention of respiratory complication and pressure sore. And also, posterior cervical stabilization with Halifax clamps is an easier, safer and faster technology in treatment of unstable spine.

폐기물 매립지 근처의 지하토양오염에 대한 수치적 연구

신승일,윤도영 광운대학교 신기술연구소 1997 신기술연구소논문집 Vol.26 No.-

침출수에 의한 폐기물 매립지 근처의 지하 토양의 오염현상을 수치적으로 해석하였다. 다공성 지하에서 Darcy 법칙을 만족하는 침출수의 흐름에 대하여, 오염물질의 전달지배방정식으로 수착의 효과가 고려된 이산­분산 모델을 채택하였다. 이의 해석을 위하여 2차원계에 대한 침출수의 유동 및 오염물질의 전달현상을 Galerkin 유한 요소법을 사용하여 해석하였다. 해석 결과 침출수의 흐름은 매립지 제방 근처에서 강하게 일어나는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 토양의 수착능은 오염물질의 이동을 지연시키는데 상당한 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과들은 오염물의 전달을 지연하기 위한 방안으로의 연직 차수막과 표면 차수막을 설정하는 데 있어서 기준자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. The leachate contamination of the ground soils around the waste landfill site have been analysed using the numerical analysis. For the Darcian flow of leachate in porous grounds, the transport of chemical contaminants was predicted on the basis of the advection­dispersion model including the sorption effect. The Galerkin finite element method was adopted in order to characterize the 2­dimensional system involving both the flow of leachate and the transport of contaminants in the leachate. It is shown that the leachate flows strongly under the dam of the landfill. And the capacity of the sorption of soils was expected to make retardation rather than the barriers. The effects of the vertical liner and the horizontal one instrumented on the waste landfill site for the retardation of the chemical transports can be investigated on the basis of the present results.

포진후 통증환자에 대한 신경차단술의 효능 : 예비적 보고

신규만,조도상,조용재,김명현,김상진,김성학 이화여자대학교 의과대학 2005 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.28 No.1

Objectives : Of all the chronic pain syndromes postherpetic neuralgia ranks the most refractory to treatment. The eight postherpetic neuralgia patients have been treated with nerve blocks or neurolysis and obtained good result. We evaluate the therapeutic effect of nerve blocks for postherpetic neuralgia and reviewed the pathology, clinical consideration, treatments and prevention. Materials and Methods : Eight patients with established postherpetic neuralgia enrolled in pain clinic of Mokdong Hospital of Ewha Womans University from March,2004 to December. Average age at 58 and about 63% of patients were over 68 years. Affected area of forehead was two patients. They have been treated with stellate ganglion block (SCB), two times supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves blocks and neurolysis with absolute alcohol. Face affected patient has was one and has been treated with 5 times SGB, 2 times supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves blocks, infraorbital and mental nerves blocks, and then 2times maxillary and mandibular nerves blocks. Chest affected two patients were treated with intercostal nerve blocks. Thoracic wall affected one patient received 2 times thoracic epidural blocks and thoracic nerve block. Scapalur and thoracic wall affected patient has been treated with SGB and 2 times thoracic epidural block. The chest and thoracic wall affected patient received 10 times intercostal blocks,2 times thoracic epidural blocks,3 times thoracic root block and neurolysis of intercostal nerves with absolute alcohol. The injected agents were 1% mepibacaine or 0.25% mercain heavy and methylprednisolone succinated, and at weekly intervals the agents were injected. Results : All patient having been treated with nerve blocks were free of pain at 3-9 months. Conclusion : Although no controlled trial has been done of nerve blocks to treat postherpetic neuralgia, this technique is safe in experienced hands and, if effected, may be repeated. It suggested that local anesthetics and steroid are the effective components in nerve blocks. Data on the relief of acute pain with nerve blocks, however cannot be extrapolated to predict the prevention of postherpetic neuralgia. The best way to prevent herpes zoster becasuse of post herpetic neuralgia is so difficult to treat.