ABSOLUTE RIESZ SUMMABILITY OF A FACTORED FOURIER SERIES

Dikshit, G.D. Department of Mathematics 1977 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.17 No.2

Estimating rainfall threshold and temporal probability for landslide occurrences in Darjeeling Himalayas

Abhirup Dikshit,Neelima Satyam,Biswajeet Pradhan,Sai Kushal 한국지질과학협의회 2020 Geosciences Journal Vol.24 No.2

The Indian Himalayan region has been severely affected by landslides causing an immense loss in terms of human lives and economic loss. The landslides are usually induced by rainfall which can be slow and continuous or heavy downpour. The incidences of landslide events in Indian Himalayas have been further aggravated due to the rapid increase in urbanization and thus its increasing impact on socio-economic aspects. There is a dire need for understanding landslide phenomena, estimating its occurrence potential and formulating strategies to minimize the damage caused by them. One of the most affected area is Kalimpong of Darjeeling Himalayas where significant studies have been conducted on zonation, threshold estimation and other related aspects. However, a comprehensive study in terms of temporal prediction for this region remains unattended. The paper deals with assessing landslide hazard using a rainfall threshold model involving daily and cumulative antecedent rainfall values for landslide events. The threshold values were determined using daily rainfall and antecedent rainfall using precipitation and landslide records for 2010–2016. The results show that 20-day antecedent rainfall provides the best fit for landslide occurrences in the region. The rainfall thresholds were further validated using rainfall and landslide data of 2017, which was not considered for threshold estimation. Finally, the results were used to determine the temporal probability for landslide incidence using a Poisson probability model. The validated results suggest that the model has the potential to be used as a preliminary early warning system.

Twenty-Four Hour pH Study and Manometry in Gastric Esophageal Substitutes in Children

Kekre, Geeta,Dikshit, Vishesh,Kothari, Paras,Laddha, Ashok,Gupta, Abhaya The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2018 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.21 No.4

Purpose: Studies on the physiology of the transposed stomach as an esophageal substitute in the form of a gastric pull-up or a gastric tube in children are limited. We conducted a study of motility and the pH of gastric esophageal substitutes using manometry and 24-hour pH measurements in 10 such patients. Methods: Manometry and 24 hour pH studies were performed on 10 children aged 24 to 55 months who had undergone gastric esophageal replacement. Results: Six gastric tubes (4, isoperistaltic; 2, reverse gastric tubes) and 4 gastric pull-ups were studied. Two gastric tubes and 4 gastric pull-ups were transhiatal. Four gastric tubes were retrosternal. The mean of the lowest pH at the midpoint of the substitute was 4.0 (range, 2.8-5.0) and in the stomach remaining below the diaphragm was 3.3 (range, 1.9-4.2). In both types of substitute, the difference between the peak and the nadir pH recorded in the intra-thoracic and the sub-diaphragmatic portion of the stomach was statistically significant (p<0.05), with the pH in the portion below the diaphragm being lower. The lowest pH values in the substitute and in the remnant stomach were noted mainly in the evening hours whereas the highest pH was noted mainly in the morning hours. All the cases showed a simultaneous rise in the intra-cavitatory pressure along the substitute while swallowing. Conclusion: The study suggested a normal gastric circadian rhythm in the gastric esophageal substitute. Mass contractions occurred in response to swallowing. The substitute may be able to effectively clear contents.

Human Health Risk Assessment Due to Air Pollution in the Megacity Mumbai in India

Maji, Kamal Jyoti,Dikshit, Anil Kumar,Chaudhary, Ramjee Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2017 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.10 No.2

This study evaluated the human health risk in terms of the excess number of mortality and morbidity in the megacity Mumbai, India due to air pollution. AirQ software was used to enumerate the various health impacts of critical pollutants in Mumbai in past 22 years during 1992-2013. A relationship concept based on concentration-response relative risk and population attributable-risk proportion was employed by adopting World Health Organization (WHO) guideline for concentrations of air pollutants like $PM_{10}$, $SO_2$ and $NO_2$. For the year 1992 in Mumbai, it was observed that excess number of cases of total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality, hospital admission due to COPD, respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease were 8420, 4914, 889, 149, 10568 and 4081 respectively. However, after 22 years these figures increased to 15872, 9962, 1628, 580, 20527 and 7905 respectively, but all of these reached maximum in the year 2006. From the result, it is also noted that except COPD morbidity the excess number of cases from 1992-2002 to 2003-2013 increased almost by 30%; and the excess number of mortality and morbidity is basically due to particulate matter ($PM_{10}$) than due to gaseous pollutants.

Twenty-Four Hour pH Study and Manometry in Gastric Esophageal Substitutes in Children

Geeta Kekre,Vishesh Dikshit,Paras Kothari,Ashok Laddha,Abhaya Gupta 대한소아소화기영양학회 2018 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.21 No.4

Purpose: Studies on the physiology of the transposed stomach as an esophageal substitute in the form of a gastric pull-up or a gastric tube in children are limited. We conducted a study of motility and the pH of gastric esophageal substitutes using manometry and 24-hour pH measurements in 10 such patients. Methods: Manometry and 24 hour pH studies were performed on 10 children aged 24 to 55 months who had undergone gastric esophageal replacement. Results: Six gastric tubes (4, isoperistaltic; 2, reverse gastric tubes) and 4 gastric pull-ups were studied. Two gastric tubes and 4 gastric pull-ups were transhiatal. Four gastric tubes were retrosternal. The mean of the lowest pH at the midpoint of the substitute was 4.0 (range, 2.8-5.0) and in the stomach remaining below the diaphragm was 3.3 (range, 1.9-4.2). In both types of substitute, the difference between the peak and the nadir pH recorded in the in-tra-thoracic and the sub-diaphragmatic portion of the stomach was statistically significant (p<0.05), with the pH in the portion below the diaphragm being lower. The lowest pH values in the substitute and in the remnant stomach were noted mainly in the evening hours whereas the highest pH was noted mainly in the morning hours. All the cases showed a simultaneous rise in the intra-cavitatory pressure along the substitute while swallowing.Conclusion: The study suggested a normal gastric circadian rhythm in the gastric esophageal substitute. Mass con-tractions occurred in response to swallowing. The substitute may be able to effectively clear contents.

The Aqueous Extract of Withania coagulans Fruit Partially Reverses Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats

Kirtikar Shukla,Piyush Dikshit,Rimi Shukla,Jasvinder K. Gambhir 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.8

Withania coagulans fruit has been shown to possess antihyperglycemic properties and is used in the traditional Indian system of medicine. However, there has no systematic study of its mechanism of action. In a rat model diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide (230 mg/kg of body weight) followed by streptozotocin at 55 mg/kg of body weight. After 96 h, mildly diabetic (MD) (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] = 7–11.1 mmol/L) and severely diabetic (SD) (FPG > 11.1 mmol/L) rats were treated with aqueous extract of W. coagulans fruit at doses of 125, 250,and 500 mg/kg of body weight/day orally. FPG, postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),plasma insulin, tissue glycogen, and glucose-metabolizing enzymes were assayed at Day 30. Treatment of diabetic animals (MD and SD) with different doses of aqueous W. coagulans resulted in significantly decreased FPG, PPPG, and HbA1c (P < .01), whereas serum insulin increased significantly compared with that in diabetic-untreated rats (P < .01). MD and SD animals treated with aqueous W. coagulans also showed significant increases in liver and muscle glycogen compared with diabetic-untreated animals (P < .01). Moreover, activities of glucokinase and phosphofructokinase were also significantly increased (P < .01), whereas glucose-6-phosphatase activity was significantly decreased (P < .01) in MD and SD groups treated with aqueous W. coagulans compared with diabetic-untreated groups. The most effective dose of aqueous W. coagulans was 250 mg/kg of body weight. These results show that the aqueous extract of W. coagulans fruit has significant antihyperglycemic effects, which may be through the modulation of insulin levels and related enzyme activities.

Assessment of Spatial Ambient Concentration of NH3 and its Health Impact for Mumbai City

Awkash Kumar,Rashmi S. Patil,Anil Kumar Dikshit,Rakesh Kumar 한국대기환경학회 2019 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.13 No.1

Generally, ambient Ammonia (NH3) concentration level is always under prescribed limit of government regulatory authorities but the concentration level tends to be higher in surrounding regions of a chemical fertilizer industry. There are many chemical fertilizer industries across the world and 9 public and 18 private fertilizers industries in India. Mostly, air quality monitoring is carried out for many gaseous pollutants and dust such as SO2, NO2, SPM, PM10 and PM2.5 but NH3 is monitored at only few selected locations. Maravali region of Mumbai city has a public sector fertilizer company and this region has maximum concentration of NH3 in Mumbai city. In this study, the spatial average concentration of NH3 was estimated for Mumbai city including and excluding the air quality monitoring site of Maravali, where fertilizer industry is present. The spatial average concentration of Mumbai city is 85 μg/m3 and 56 μg/m3 including and excluding Maravali respectively. The maximum concentration of NH3 is at Maravali and annual average concentration here is 342 μg/m3. This is 6.1 times more of spatial average concentration of Mumbai excluding Maravali. The same was visualized and represented in spatial concentration mapping using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation technique of ArcGIS tool. Also, health impact assessment was carried out for Mumbai city due to the concentration level of NH3. Local Concentration–Response (C-R) coefficient for Mumbai was used to assess health impact for ammonia. 3.4 and 6.8 Million people were exposed by phlegm and other chest illness respectively in Mumbai city. The economic cost of the health was also estimated for the phlegm due to ammonia which was 57 Million USD (3.9 Billion INR) for the year 2012 for Mumbai city.

Human Health Risk Assessment Due to Air Pollution in the Megacity Mumbai in India

Kamal Jyoti Maji,Anil Kumar Dikshit,Ramjee Chaudhary 한국대기환경학회 2017 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.11 No.2

This study evaluated the human health risk in terms of the excess number of mortality and morbidity in the megacity Mumbai, India due to air pollution. AirQ software was used to enumerate the various health impacts of critical pollutants in Mumbai in past 22 years during 1992-2013. A relationship concept based on concentration-response relative risk and population attributable-risk proportion was employed by adopting World Health Organization (WHO) guideline for concentrations of air pollutants like PM10, SO2 and NO2. For the year 1992 in Mumbai, it was observed that excess number of cases of total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality, hospital admission due to COPD, respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease were 8420, 4914, 889, 149, 10568 and 4081 respectively. However, after 22 years these figures increased to 15872, 9962, 1628, 580, 20527 and 7905 respectively, but all of these reached maximum in the year 2006. From the result, it is also noted that except COPD morbidity the excess number of cases from 1992-2002 to 2003-2013 increased almost by 30%; and the excess number of mortality and morbidity is basically due to particulate matter (PM10) than due to gaseous pollutants.

Hemodialysis Alters Lipid Profiles, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Vitamins A, E, and C Concentrations in Humans

Farzaneh Montazerifar,Mohammad Hashemi,Mansour Karajibani,Madhurima Dikshit 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.6

Although hemodialysis (HD) is essential for end-stage renal disease patients, at the same time it causes oxidative stress and long-term pro-atherosclerotic effects. This study aimed to determine lipid profile as well as the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and vitamins A, E, and C in HD patients. The study enrolled 31 patients (50.3±14.9 years old) undergoing maintenance 4-hour HD three times per week with a polysulfone membrane dialyzer for a mean of 76.1 months (range, 7–120 months) and 31 healthy individuals (47.8±13.9 years old). Lipid profiles were determined spectrophotometrically using commercially available kits. Total antioxidant capacity was determined by ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay, levels of vitamins A and E were assayed using high-pressure liquid chromatography, and the level of vitamin C was measured by a photometric method. Our results showed that before HD, the levels of TAC and vitamin A were significantly higher than in normal subjects, whereas the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and vitamin C were lower than in control subjects (P<.001). There was no significant difference between normal subjects and patients before dialysis regarding low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and vitamin E levels (P>.05). After HD, the levels of HDL-cholesterol, vitamins E and C, and TAC decreased significantly (P<.001), but the decreased level of vitamin A still remained higher than controls (P<.05), whereas the levels of LDL were significantly higher than controls (P<.001). In conclusion, alterations in the lipoprotein profiles and antioxidant markers following HD suggest an increased risk of atherosclerosis in these patients.

Rapid and reusable detection of hydrogen peroxide using polyurethane scaffold incorporated with cerium oxide nanoparticles

Pathikrit Saha,Anoth Maharajan,Pritam Kumar Dikshit,김범수 한국화학공학회 2019 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.36 No.12

We report a novel approach to using a polyurethane scaffold incorporated with cerium oxide nanoparticles as an alternative to the natural enzyme horseradish peroxidase for rapid and reusable detection of hydrogen peroxide. After the preparation of polyurethane from soybean oil and malic acid, cerium or iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and incorporated into the polyurethane scaffold by ultrasonic treatment. Formation of nanoparticles was characterized using Fourier transform infrared, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) with an average size of 50nm were not uniformly integrated; however, spherical cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) with an average size of 14nm were easily incorporated into the polyurethane scaffold. The CeONP-incorporated polyurethane scaffold was highly responsive (<10s) to H2O2, with a limit of detection of 3.18µM, and was reusable for at least ten cycles without significant loss of detection activity. However, the response time of CeONP solution was more than 5min. Both FeONP solution and FeONP incorporated polyurethane scaffold were poor at detecting H2O2.