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It Takes Two to Tango: The Case of FTA Explosion World-Wide for 1948-2012
Dharma DeSilva,Masud Chand,Clyde Stoltenberg People&Global Business Association 2013 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.18 No.2
Embarking on the second decade of the 21st century, we see an explosion in the number of free trade agreements (FTAs) already in effect or under negotiation. FTAs are an exercise of sovereignty negotiated for the purpose of eliminating trade barriers and creating ground rules to manage a trade relationship in a beneficial manner. The reduction of trade barriers and the creation of a more stable and transparent trading and investment environment make it easier and cheaper for companies to export their products and services to trading partner markets. Trade liberalization through FTAs has paid enormous dividends to partnering signatories and expanded world trade and economic growth. This paper looks at the evolution of FTAs from the post-World War II era to the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century. It explains FTAs, their advantages and disadvantages, their role in promoting global trade and investment, the impact of their growth on the global trading environment, and their potential relationship with the WTO structure.
Cold plasma-assisted regeneration of biochar for dye adsorption
Dharma Raj Kandel(간댈더러머라즈),Hee-Jun Kim(김희준),Seungwon Chang(장승원),Jeong-Muk Lim(임정묵),Milan Babu Poudel(밀란 포델),Min Cho(조민),Hyun-Woo Kim(김현우),Byung-Taek Oh(오병택),Changwoon Nah(나창운),Seung Hee Lee(이승희),Bipee 대한환경공학회 2022 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.11
Meilana Dharma Putra,Saeed M. Al-Zahrani,Ahmed E. Abasaeed 한국공업화학회 2012 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.18 No.3
Sr–V–Mo oxides supported on g-Al2O3 are promising catalysts for oxidehydrogenation of propane to propylene. Sr doped V–Mo catalysts showed a much better performance compared to the parent catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature and space time on the performance of the Sr doped catalyst are discussed. Upon increasing reaction temperature (450–550 8C), the conversion increased without affecting the selectivity. Increasing the space time increased both the conversion and selectivity. These results confirmed the previous findings of the role of Sr in stabilizing the catalyst by lowering its reducibility. Characterization results using BET, SEM and FTIR provided further confirmation of these findings.
Pasala, Dharma Theja Reddy,Nagarajaiah, Satish Techno-Press 2014 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.13 No.2
Due to the shift in paradigm from passive control to adaptive control, smart tuned mass dampers (STMDs) have received considerable attention for vibration control in tall buildings and bridges. STMDs are superior to tuned mass dampers (TMDs) in reducing the response of the primary structure. Unlike TMDs, STMDs are capable of accommodating the changes in primary structure properties, due to damage or deterioration, by tuning in real time based on a local feedback. In this paper, a novel adaptive-length pendulum (ALP) damper is developed and experimentally verified. Length of the pendulum is adjusted in real time using a shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuator. This can be achieved in two ways i) by changing the amount of current in the SMA wire actuator or ii) by changing the effective length of current carrying SMA wire. Using an instantaneous frequency tracking algorithm, the dominant frequency of the structure can be tracked from a local feedback signal, then the length of pendulum is adjusted to match the dominant frequency. Effectiveness of the proposed ALP-STMD mechanism, combined with the STFT frequency tracking control algorithm, is verified experimentally on a prototype two-storey shear frame. It has been observed through experimental studies that the ALP-STMD absorbs most of the input energy associated in the vicinity of tuned frequency of the pendulum damper. The reduction of storey displacements up to 80 % when subjected to forced excitation (harmonic and chirp-signal) and a faster decay rate during free vibration is observed in the experiments.
Simulating Fleet Procurement in an Indonesian Logistics Company
Harry Dharma RAFKE,Yuliani Dwi LESTARI 한국해운물류학회 2017 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.33 No.1
Capacity Management – such as fleeting becomes one of the critical decisions for the logistic company. Despite its role to ensure the availability of fleet as needed with an effective and efficient process, a good capacity management can improve service level and lead to competitive advantage. However, due to its capital-intensive characteristic, the decision between buying and renting a fleet becomes an important consideration. Therefore, this study presents a comprehensive decision-making methodology in capacity management, particularly on fleet procurement by incorporating several techniques (i.e., Demand forecasting, Demand-capacity analysis, Analytic Hierarchy Process with BOCR model, Urgent-Important Eisenhower Matrix, and Simulation). A numerical example is performed to an Indonesian logistic company. It reveals that a combination of owned-fleet and rented-fleet becomes the most appropriate strategy. In general, this study has contributed to strengthening existing literature and providing a comprehensive methodology in capacity management.
Putera Husna Dharma,Halim Valentina,Panghiyangani Roselina 대한응급의학회 2023 Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine Vol.10 No.3
Objective: The global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of medicine, including orthopedic trauma surgery. This study aims to investigate whether COVID-19 patients who underwent orthopedic surgery trauma had a higher risk of postoperative mortality. Methods: ScienceDirect, the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, and MEDLINE were searched for original publications. This study adhered to the PPRISMA 2020 statement. The validity of the studies was evaluated using a checklist developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Study and participant characteristics, as well as the odds ratio, were extracted from selected publications. Data were analyzed using RevMan ver. 5.4.1. Results: After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 articles among 717 total were deemed eligible for analysis. Lower-extremity injuries were the most common condition, and pelvic surgery was the most frequently performed intervention. There were 456 COVID-19 patients (6.12%) and 134 deaths among COVID-19 patients, revealing an increase in mortality (29.38% vs. 5.30%; odds ratio, 7.72; 95% confidence interval, 6.01–9.93; P<0.001). Conclusion: Among COVID-19 patients who received orthopedic surgery due to trauma, the postoperative death rate increased by 7.72 times.
The Utilization of Social Networking Service and Japanese Manga in Strategic User Generated Design
Anak Agung Gede Dharma,Hiroyuki Kumamoto,Shogo Kochi,Natsuki Kudo,Guowei Wei,Shu Chuan Chiu,Kiyoshi Tomimatsu 한국멀티미디어학회 2011 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2011 No.-
In this research, we propose an online service which utilizes Social Networking Service (SNS) as the medium and Japanese cartoon (manga) as the communication method. The growth of SNS has created a new potential in marketing. While users communicate and interact via SNS, the list of their conversation which is called casual data can be used to determine their needs or aspirations. SNS can be very useful for product/service developers, especially when developing new ideas or simply evaluating the feasibility of their existing products/services. Furthermore, SNS provides a unique system that enables expressive and two-way communication between its users. Although several online services that utilize SNS and casual data have been provided, the purpose of those services is still unclear and ineffective. To solve those problems we propose an innovative way of utilizing SNS and casual data in designing consumer generated design. In our proposed system, users can directly contribute to the product/service development process in an interesting way. We designed an online service which allows users to posts manga that describes their original idea. While contributing to the product/service development, they can also benefit from expressing their hobbies and receiving feedbacks from other users.
Semantic Diferential Analysis on Physical Materials for Haptic Design
Anak Agung Gede Dharma,Yoshihiro Matsumura,Kiyoshi Tomimatsu 한국디자인학회 2010 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10
In recent years, haptic feedback has been widely used in various devices, including mobile phone, PDA, game controllers, and medical instruments. Current researches of haptic feedbacks could be divided into 2 main groups. The first group of researches consists of developing a detailed, near realistic haptic feedback, which is usually targeted for medical applications or virtual reality. The other group consists of developing a simple yet low-cost haptic display for interactivity or game support purposes. In the later group, although reasonably cost-effective, its haptic sensation has not fully utilizes human physiological abilities, especially in terms of sensing the physical properties of the materials. Furthermore, recent development of haptic technology suggests a new method of displaying haptic sensation using surface actuation technology. Using this method, any complex artificial haptic stimuli could be generated, thus enabling full utilization of mechanoreceptor capabilities. We consider that the application of haptic feedback and its design will be more important in the future. In this paper, we propose a guideline of haptic feedback design. We started to build the model by conducting a physical and psychological classification and analysis on touch perception. Psychological test is done using Semantic Differential Method and 13 Japanese Onomatopoeia were selected as adjectives. Using multivariate statistical analysis, we classified the psychological touch properties into 3 main parameters, i.e. roughness, softness, and stickiness and conducted confirmatory analysis with the physical properties. Statistical tests confirmed the correlation between physiological and physical properties, i.e. roughness with Standard Mean Surface Difference (SMD) expressed in ㎛; softness with material compliance, expressed in ㎛/gf; stickiness with coefficient of friction (MIU), a dimensionless constant. The statistical correlation suggests the validity of the psychological-physical model. Furthermore, the model could be applied on any haptic device, such as vibrotactile actuator or surface actuation technology, as the guideline in designing frequency modulation based haptic feedback.