패스트푸드 프랜차이즈 중국진출의 경영전략에 관한 연구 : 대만 “용허두장(永和豆漿)” 사례 중심으로

우덕호 동아대학교 동아시아연구원 2007 동아시아 : 비교와 전망 Vol.6 No.1

기업의 세계화(globalization)는 현재 범세계적인 추세이다. 세계화 현상은 외식산업의 판도를 완전히 바꾸어 놓았다. 소위 선진국의 대자본 프랜차이즈 산업이 세계 구석구석 전파되고 있는 것이다. 자국문화와 음식에 대한 자부심이 매우 강한 중국에서조차 선진국의 프랜차이즈 외식업체들은 그 위용을 발휘하고 있다. 미국의 맥도널드, KFC, 피자헛 등 선진국 프랜차이즈 외식업체들은 막대한 자금력, 축적된 노하우(know-how), 그리고 동시성 (simultaneity)을 갈망하는 중국인의 소비욕구를 이용하여 중국외식 프랜차이즈 산업에 급속도로 점점 확대되고 있다. 그동안 선진국 기업의 독점영역이라고 여겨왔던 프랜차이즈 산업에 “용허두장”이라는 대만의 작은 식품 기업이 새로운 변화를 불러일으키고 있다. 원래 중국인은 노점에서 콩국과 油條(기름에 튀긴 빵)등 아침식사를 포장하여 집에서 식사했던 풍속이 있었다. “용허두장”은 1995년 중국 상해에 진출하여 맥도널드처럼 깨끗한 식당분위기 및 배달서비스 등을 통해서 노점에서 판매하던 중국식 아침 식사를 패스트푸드(Fast Food)로 개발하여 현재 중국각지에서 160여개 이상의 가맹점을 운영하며 상해의 아침식사 문화를 바꾸어 놓았다. 본 연구는 이런 선진국이 독점하던 중국의 패스트푸드 외식산업에 “용허두장”이라는 대만의 중급 브랜드가 성공할 수 있었던 요인에 대해 분석을 시도한다. The trend for companies to pursue globalization is a world-wide one. This globalization phenomenon has completely changed the landscape of the food service industry as large-capital franchises of developed countries have been spread all over the world. Even in China where people are very proud of their own culture and food, franchised food service businesses of advanced nations are wielding their power. McDonald's, KFC Corporation and Pizza Hut with abundant funding capacity and accumulated knowhow have rapidly had a hold over Chinese food service franchise industry as they use the desire for consumption of the Chinese who long for simultaneity. A small-sized Taiwanese food company initiates a change in the franchised food industry in China thought to be a field almost entirely monopolized by advanced nations' businesses. A small soy-bean milk manufacturer named Yonho Doujiang which was founded in 1985 in Yonho city, Taiwan, advanced into Shanghai, China in 1995 and has changed the breakfast culture in the city. Originally, Chinese people have a custom to eat at home breakfast delivered from traditional roadside food stands. Yonho Doujiang developed these Chinese breakfast of soy-bean milk and youtiao(fried bread stick) sold in street food stalls into fast food and has sensationally caught on in China with clean interior atmosphere, prompt delivery service and premium-offering events similar to those of McDonald's. And now it is operating over 160 affiliated restaurants around the country. This study aims at analysing the factors that make Yonho Doujiang, a Taiwanese brand, achieve success in Chinese food service business that has long been monopolized by the companies of developed nations.

Atomically thin p–n junctions with van der Waals heterointerfaces

Lee, Chul-Ho,Lee, Gwan-Hyoung,van der Zande, Arend M.,Chen, Wenchao,Li, Yilei,Han, Minyong,Cui, Xu,Arefe, Ghidewon,Nuckolls, Colin,Heinz, Tony F.,Guo, Jing,Hone, James,Kim, Philip Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2014 Nature nanotechnology Vol.9 No.9

Semiconductor p–n junctions are essential building blocks for electronic and optoelectronic devices. In conventional p–n junctions, regions depleted of free charge carriers form on either side of the junction, generating built-in potentials associated with uncompensated dopant atoms. Carrier transport across the junction occurs by diffusion and drift processes influenced by the spatial extent of this depletion region. With the advent of atomically thin van der Waals materials and their heterostructures, it is now possible to realize a p–n junction at the ultimate thickness limit. Van der Waals junctions composed of p- and n-type semiconductors—each just one unit cell thick—are predicted to exhibit completely different charge transport characteristics than bulk heterojunctions. Here, we report the characterization of the electronic and optoelectronic properties of atomically thin p–n heterojunctions fabricated using van der Waals assembly of transition-metal dichalcogenides. We observe gate-tunable diode-like current rectification and a photovoltaic response across the p–n interface. We find that the tunnelling-assisted interlayer recombination of the majority carriers is responsible for the tunability of the electronic and optoelectronic processes. Sandwiching an atomic p–n junction between graphene layers enhances the collection of the photoexcited carriers. The atomically scaled van der Waals p–n heterostructures presented here constitute the ultimate functional unit for nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices.

International comparison CCQM-K111.1-propane in nitrogen

van der Veen, Adriaan M H,van der Hout, J Wouter,Ziel, Paul R,Jozela, Mudalo,Tshilongo, James,Ntsasa, Napo G,Botha, Angelique IOP Publishing 2017 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.54 No.1

Efficacy of the granisetron transdermal system for the control of nausea and vomiting induced by highly emetogenic chemotherapy: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial

Der Sheng Sun,Yoon Ho Ko,Jong Youl Jin,In Sook Woo,Suk Young Park,Yun Ae Eom,Jin Hyoung Kang,Hoon Kyo Kim 대한내과학회 2023 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.38 No.3

Background/Aims: We compared the efficacy of the granisetron transdermal system (GTS) with that of ondansetron for controlling chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients treated with highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). Methods: We randomized a total of 389 patients to groups treated by GTS and ondansetron before HEC. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients achieving complete response (CR; no retching/vomiting/rescue medication) of CINV from the time of chemotherapy initiation to 24 hours after the last administration of chemotherapy (prespecified non-inferiority margin of 15%). Quality of life (QoL) was also assessed using the Functional Living Index-Emesis (FLIE). Results: The per protocol analysis included 152 (47.80%) and 166 patients (52.20%) in the GTS and ondansetron groups, respectively. In the full analysis set, the most common diagnosis, regimen, and period of chemotherapy were lung cancer (149 patients, 40.27%), cisplatin-based regimen (297 patients, 80.27%), and 1 day chemotherapy (221 patients, 59.73%). The CR rates were 86.84% and 90.36% in the GTS and ondansetron groups, respectively; the treatment difference was −3.52% (95% confidence interval, −10.52 to 3.48) and met the primary endpoint, indicating that GTS was not inferior to ondansetron. Patient satisfaction, assessed on the FLIE, showed significantly higher scores in the GTS group compared to the ondansetron group (mean ± standard deviation, 1,547.38 ± 306.00 and 1,494.07 ± 312.05 mm, respectively; p = 0.0449). Conclusions: GTS provided effective, safe, and well-tolerated control of CINV and improved the QoL in HEC.

The impact of sarcopenia on health-related quality of life in elderly people: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Der Sheng Sun,이현용,임현우,원혜성,고윤호 대한내과학회 2019 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.34 No.4

Background/Aims: The purpose of the study is to investigate the associations between sarcopenia and health-related quality of life in elderly men and women in Korea. Methods: In a cross-sectional study using data from 2008 to 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 4,937 adults aged 60 years and older who underwent a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan were included in the study. Sarcopenia is defined as an appendicular skeletal muscle index of two standard deviations or more below the mean for young, healthy reference populations. The health-related quality of life was measured using the EuroQol-5 dimension questionnaire. Results: The overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 6.6% in these Korean people over the age of 60 years: 11.1% for men and 3.2% for women. Sarcopenic men tended to have lower income, lower physical activity, lower body mass index, and smaller waist circumference compared with nonsarcopenic men. Sarcopenic women tended to have higher body mass index and larger waist circumference compared with nonsarcopenic women. Sarcopenic men showed higher impairments in mobility, self-care, usual activities, and pain/discomfort compared with nonsarcopenic men. Women with sarcopenia also showed higher impairments in mobility, self-care, usual activities, and anxiety/depression compared with nonsarcopenic women. Sarcopenia showed an association with impairments in selfcare for men, and with impairments in self-care, usual activities, and anxiety/ depression for women, after adjusting for other confounding factors. Conclusions: There is a significant association between sarcopenia and impaired health-related quality of life in this elderly Korean population, and these results differ between men and women.

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Rosa taiwanensis Nakai in Mice

Der-Shiang Tsai,Mei-Hsuen Huang,Jen-Chieh Tsai,Yuan-Shuang Chang,Yung-Jia Chiu,Yen-Chang Lin,Lung-Yuan Wu,Wen-Huang Peng 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.5

In this study, we evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of a 70% ethanol extract from Rosa taiwanensis Nakai (RTEtOH). The analgesic effect was determined using acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of RTEtOH was examined by measuring the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the paw edema tissue and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GRd) in the liver tissue. The betulinic acid and oleanolic acid contents of RTEtOH were assayed by HPLC. The results showed that RTEtOH decreased the acetic acid-induced writhing responses (1.0 g/kg) and the late phase of the formalin-induced licking time (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg). In the anti-inflammatory models, RTEtOH (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) reduced the paw edema at 3, 4, and 5 h after λ-carrageenan administration. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms might be due to the decreased levels of COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, as well as the inhibition of NO and MDA levels through increasing the activities of SOD, GPx, and GRd. The contents of two active compounds, betulinic acid and oleanolic acid, were quantitatively determined. This study demonstrated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of RTEtOH and provided evidence to support its therapeutic use in inflammatory diseases.

A Design of Motion Control Law for UAV

Der-Cherng Liaw,Li-Feng Tsai 제어로봇시스템학회 2020 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2020 No.10

In this paper, a study of the nonlinear dynamical behavior of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is presented. Based on a given mathematical model of quad-rotor UAV, all of the possible operational modes with given control input is discussed. Motion control law is also proposed for achieving a given desired operation mode by using back-stepping control approach. Simulation results are obtained to demonstrate the success of the proposed design.

Free vibration analysis of a Timoshenko beam carrying multiple spring-mass systems with the effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia

Der-Wei Chen,Jee-Ray Wang,Tsung-Lung Liu 국제구조공학회 2007 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.26 No.1

Because of complexity, the literature regarding the free vibration analysis of a Timoshenko beam carrying “multiple” spring-mass systems is rare, particular that regarding the “exact” solutions. As to the “exact” solutions by further considering the joint terms of shear deformation and rotary inertia in the differential equation of motion of a Timoshenko beam carrying multiple concentrated attachments, the information concerned is not found yet. This is the reason why this paper aims at studying the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a uniform Timoshenko beam carrying multiple intermediate spring-mass systems using an exact as well as a numerical assembly method. Since the shear deformation and rotary inertia terms are dependent on the slenderness ratio of the beam, the shear coefficient of the cross-section, the total number of attachments and the support conditions of the beam, the individual and/or combined effects of these factors on the result are investigated in details. Numerical results reveal that the effect of the shear deformation and rotary inertia joint terms on the lowest five natural frequencies of the combined vibrating system is somehow complicated.

A Feedback Linearization Design for the Control of Vehicle’s Lateral Dynamics

Der-Cherng Liaw,Wen-Ching Chung,Chau-Chung Song,Chien-Shu Hsieh 제어로봇시스템학회 2006 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.10

Flowering Regulation and Breeding Strategies for Ornamentals in Taiwan

Der-Ming Yeh 한국생물환경조절학회 2007 한국생물환경조절학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.16 No.2

This report summarizes recent status of flowering regulation and breeding for important ornamentale in Taiwan. Year-round production of Chrysanthemum and Phalaenopsis is achieved by selecting cultivars and controlling environments. Flowering of poinsettia is mainly regulated by controlling photopeirod to fulfill the demands for festival markets in October, December and January. Growers can force potted hydranggeas to flower for Nes Year markets by transporting plants in late summer to highland fields, then defoliating and cold storage, and finally moving to warm greenhouses to anthesis. Flowering of Araceae foliage plants are induced with GA3 treatments for breeding purposes. Breeding would consider morphological traits, production, and possible storability for shipping and postproduction performance. Electrolyte leakage techniques have been established for selecting heat-tolerant cultivars of chrysanthemum, English ivy, gerbera, and petunia. Information is available on differential sensitivity of selected cultivars of Aglaonema and Phalaenopsis to ethylene during shipping.