두 번의 연속적 뇌경색에 의한 양측성 외측연수증후군 1예

조광덕,이덕희,황정숙,민선호,조아현,조경희 대한노인병학회 2004 대한노인병학회지 Vol.8 No.1

他保險加入 事實의 通知義務違反의 效果

장덕조 한국보험학회 2003 保險學會誌 Vol.66 No.-

상법 제672조는 수개의 보험계약이 체결되는 경우 보험계약자에게 통지의무를 부과하고는 있으나, 그 불이행시의 효과에 대하여 규정하고 있지 아니하고, 이에 대하여 학설이나 판례 모두 명확한 정리가 되어 있지 못하다. 본고는 이 문제에 관하여 주요국의 입법례 및 우리 법에서의 기존 판례와 이론들을 검토한 후 가능한 분명한 해결책을 제시하고자 하였다. 보험자가 약관상 규정을 통하여 통지의무를 부과하고 그 불이행시의 해지권을 부여하는 근거는 보험자 스스로가 초과나 중복보험을 미연에 방지하고 그로 인한 사고 발생의 위험증대를 막고자 하는 취지로, 또한 그 여부에 대한 판단할 기회를 가지기 위한 것으로 보았다. 기타 보험금 취득을 노린 기망적인 보험인지 여부에 대한 조사기회를 가지고자 하는 것으로, 그로 인한 인위적 사고발생의 가능성 등에 대비하기 위한 보험자의 자기보호수단으로 볼 수 있다. 따라서 통지의무 위반시의 효과로 약관상 해지권을 규정하고 있다면 그 효력을 긍정하는 것이 타당함을 논구해 보았다. If the policy provides that the insurer shall terminate the insurance contract in case of other insurance without notice to the insurance company, will other insurance without such notice avoid the policy? Korean Commercial Act §672 does not provide the effect of the breach of notice requirement, so there is some controversial in the construction of the effect of the breach. This paper tries to make clear that the.purpose of such a policy provision is to prevent overinsurance and resultant increase in hazard, a clause requiring the giving of notice of prior and subsequent insurance is material, and the insured must comply therewith in good faith. The failure to comply with a notice clause shall avoid the policy. This paper concludes that the breach of a notice clause depends upon the wording of the policy provision.

자가 골조직을 이용한 두개골 재건술

김덕영,강진성,김성조 大韓成形外科學會 1985 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.12 No.1

Cranioplasty is a procedure of repairing defects of the skull not only for protection of the content of the skull but also for esthetic and psychological implications. Since M??ller introduced a method of repairing skull defects by transposing a large scalp flap with a plate of outer table attached to it, several trials have been made with specially prepared autogenous bone grafts. Tibia, ilium, ribs, sternum, scapula and calvrial bone were used as a bone graft. There is no doubt that the use of bone grafts is physiologically sound. However, autogenous bone may be difficult to contour and has limitations in size. Alloplastic materials were used for cranioplasties, but many complications were reported. We have operated on three cases of cranioplasty using autogenous bone grafts. The first case had a dewithpression on the right temporoparietal area after a craniotomy, and was corrected with split rib grafts. The second case had a compound comminuted fracture of the right fronto-temporo-parietal area and was reconstructed with calvarial bone fragments which had been preserved in the lower abdomen. The third case had a defect on the left frontal bone which was corrected with an outer table of the parietal bone. The results were very good without any significant complication.

春秋左傳의 君務論硏究 : 藏哀伯 諫曰條의 一分析

兪德朝 충남대학교 사학회 1989 忠南史學 Vol.4 No.-

補償制度로서의 不法行爲와 責任保險 : 새로운 보상제도의 연구에 기초하며

장덕조 서강대학교 법학연구소 2007 서강법학 Vol.9 No.1

To answer the question whether some kinds of risks can come under insurable risk in liability insurance contract in a viewpoint of insurable interest, we need to enunciate the relationship between tort law and liability insurance. My focus has been to examine the effect that liability insurance has on the tort goals of achieving corrective justice, appropriate deterrence, and compensation or loss spreading as a free-standing goal of the tort system. In a broader context, tort law works with a wide variety of liability insurance mechanisms. One cannot even begin to come to this big picture without thinking liability insurance mechanisms. Only by looking at the big picture can one evaluate what legitimate role, if any, tort law can play in compensating for loss. In the next chapter, I studied no-fault insurance. The basic concept of no-fault insurance is the payment of certain benefits for losses resulting from automobile accidents without regard to tort liability. Thus, there shall be no tort liability with regard to loss suffered by any person entitled to receive benefits, The purpose of no-fault insurance is to ensure that insurance companies provide immediate minimal benefits for injured in automobile accidents in order to equitably and effectively handle the greater bulk of personal injury claims arising out of automobile accidents. In this paper, my focus has been to enunciate the nature of no-fault insurance and to examine its effect in Korea. My deliberate conclusion is that in a broader context, the no-fault insurance could work with a wide variety of liability insurance mechanisms. In the last chapter, pure no-fault system was introduced. The most comprehensive pure no-fault compensation system in the world is that in New Zealand. The Accident Compensation Corporation, a government corporation, collects premiums from a variety of sources and provides benefits, without regard to fault, to all persons injured in motor vehicle accidents, workplace accidents, and home accidents in New Zealand.

保險仲介人에 관한 考察

張德祚 한림대학교 법학연구소 1998 한림법학 FORUM Vol.7 No.-

제6차 및 제7차 교육과정에 의한 수학과 교과서 비교분석 연구 : 고등학교 1학년을 중심으로 with emphasis on the 1st grade highschool

오후진,조덕형 공주대학교 과학교육연구소 2003 과학교육연구 Vol.34 No.-

본 연구는 6차 교육과정과 7차 교육과정의 수학과 교과서를 고등학교 1학년을 중심으로 하여 어떻게 변화되고 어떤 공통점과 차이가 있는지에 대하여 살펴보았다. 이 연구의 목적은 교과서의 내적, 외적체제 및 학습내용과 영역별 비중의 변화를 분석함으로써 수학교육의 발전 및 교과서의 개발, 수학 삭습 지도 방법의 개선에 기여하고자 하는데 있다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째로, 교과서 체제가 6차 교육과정에서는 고등학교 1학년 수학 책이 '공통수학' 한 권으로 이루어져 있었는데 7차 교육과정에서는 '10-가'와 '10-나'로 두 권으로 분리되어있다는 점이다. 둘째로, 6차에 비해 7차 교육과정에서는 화보가 더 많이 들어가 있고, 실생활 측면을 강조하여 생활 속에서 알아볼 수 있는 수학적인 측면에 근접하려고 노력한 점이다. 셋째로, 수학사적인 측면과 컴퓨터와 관련된 분야를 강조한 것이 나타난다. 넷째로, 7차 교육과정에서는 학생들의 수준에 맞게 수준별 단계형으로 조직되어 있는 점이 주목할 만 하다. This study a comparison of the mathematics textbooks which have been changed from the 6th curriculum to the 7th curriculum with emphasis on the 1st grade of high school. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the development of mathematical education, the development of mathematics textbook and the improvement of mathematical a cumulative guidance methods. The findings of this study could be summarized as follows: First, in the 6th curriculum the textbook of the 1st grade high school is consisted of one book, "common mathematics", but on the other hand in the 7th curriculum the textbook is separated to two books, "10-Ga(가)“ and "10-Na(나)”. Second, in the 7th curriculum the textbook has much more pictorials and it is tried to lay great emphasis on the practical use in real life so that the textbook can be approached to mathematical side used in real life. Third, it is laid an emphasis on the aspects in the mathematical history and in the relation to computer. Fourth, in the 7th curriculum it is taken noticed that the system is organized with the student's level.

감마선과 Methyl Bromide 처리가 사과의 생리화학적 품질에 미치는 영향

강호진,정헌식,조덕조,변명우,최성진,최종욱,권중호 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2003 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.10 No.3

감마선(0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 kGy) 조사와 methyl bromide(MeBr, 26 g/㎏, 4hr) 훈증 및 이들의 처리시기가 사과의 생리화학적 품질특성에 영향을 비교하여, 검역처리를 위한 ◁그림 삽입▷ (원문을 참조하세요) 감마선 조사의 응용성을 검토하였다. 감마선과 MeBr 처리에 따른 사과의 생리화학적 품질평가에서 2kGy 이상의 감마선 조사와 MeBr 훈증은 사과의 일부 생리화학적 품질특성의 변화를 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다. 감마선과 MeBr의 처리시기별로는 수확 직후보다는 저온(0℃)에서 40일 정도 보관 후 처리한 대체적으로 품질손상이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 1kGy 이하의 감마선 조사와 지연조사는 사과 과실의 품질을 비교적 양호한 상태로 유지할 수 있어 검역처리 기술로 활용성이 있는 것으로 생각된다. 'Fuji' apples were treated by gamma irradiation (0∼3 kGy) or methyl bromide fumigation at commercial conditions (MeBr, 25 g/㎏, 4 hr) for quarantine purpose at two different treatment timing after harvest and stored under air a 0℃ for 4 months. Associated with the treatment timing of irradiation or fumigation, after 40 days of storage at 0℃ following harvest was more adequate than immediately after harvest in keeping qualities of stored apples. However, more than 2 kGy irradiation and MeBr fumigation were detrimental to physiological and chemical qualities of the fruits. These results show that less than 1 kGy irradiation at the delayed timing has a possibility to be applied as a quarantine procedure without significant changes in the quality of apples.

동일한 국제예후지표(International Prognostic Index)를 나타내는 미만성 대형 B-세포 림프종에서 Bcl-2와 p16의 임상적 중요성

박상은,박수진,곽승근,박남숙,천재민,윤환중,조덕연,김삼용,김진만 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2

In Korea, malignant lymphoma is a common cancer, comprising about 2.7% of all malignant neoplasm. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma is the most common lymphoma, representing about 50% of all Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is usually considered as heterogeneous group of neoplasms rather than a single clinicopathological entity. Clinical prognostic systems, including the International Prognostic Index (IPI), although useful to assess overall prognosis, embrace patients with heterogeneous prognoses. But International Prognostic Index scoring system is not sufficiently predict the prognosis. It is likely that the prognostic assessment of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphomamight be improved by using biological features. Bcl-2 protein and p16 protein expression is recognized as useful biologic markers predicting the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. To determine the clinical significance and prognostic value of bcl-2 and p16 proteins expression patterns, we studied 18 patients with de novo DLBL, whose archival pathology specimen were available for immunohistochemistry studies, atChungnam National University Hospital from September 1992 to December 2000. Archival specimens from each patient were immunostained with respective antibodies for bcl-2, p16. The results are as follows; 1) The median age was 54(rage : 37-69). There were 12 male patients(66.7%) and 6 female patients(33.3%) The 'B' symptom was abscentin all patients. The stages were as follows : Ⅰ, 2 patient(11.1%), Ⅱ, 10 patient(55.6%), Ⅲ, 4patient(22.2%) and Ⅳ, 2patient(11.1%). 3 patients(16.8%) had the elevated LDH level, 14 patients(77.8%) had the normal LDH level and 1 patients(5.6%) was not identified the LDH level. 2 patients(11.1%) had the bulky disease and 16 patients(88.7%) had no bulky diease. The distribution of ECOG status were O, 2 patients(11.1%c), 1, 14patients(77.8%) and 2, 2patients(11.1%). 2) Theimmunohistochemistry results are as follows bcl-2:+,10 patients(55.6%), bcl-2:-, 8patinets(44.4%), p16:+,3 patients(16.7%), p16:-, 15patients(83.3%) 3) After a median follow UP durations of 67 months, the median survival time was 57 months with a rage of 7-100+ months. 5-years overall survival rates was 44% by Kaplan-Meier method. 4) Reduced overall survival was demonstrated in the patients who expressed bcl-2 protein(P=0.0174). 5-year overall survivial rate was 12%(bcl-2 expression) versus 88%(no bcl-2 expression) 5) Among diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with IPI score 0-1, reduced overall survival was demonstrated with bcl-2 expression(P=0.023). 5-year overall survival rate was 18%(bcl-2 expression group) versus 100%(no bcl-2 expressiongroup) 6) Median survival durtation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients negative for p16 expression was 57 months whereas p16 postive patients' median survival duration was not reached(P=0.4478). In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with identical IPI scores, bcl-2 expression had additional prognostic value.

Role of the Zn atomic arrangements in enhancing the activity and stability of the kinked Cu(2 1 1) site in CH₃OH production by CO₂ hydrogenation and dissociation: First-principles microkinetic modeling study

Jo, Deok Yeon,Lee, Min Woo,Ham, Hyung Chul,Lee, Kwan-Young Academic Press 2019 Journal of catalysis Vol.373 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this work, we unravel the beneficial role of the Zn ensemble (in particular, an a single Zn atom) in the sixfold-coordinated kinked (Cu-vacant) site of the stepped Cu(2 1 1) surface for enhancing the reactivity and durability of catalyst in the CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH production from CO<SUB>2</SUB> and H<SUB>2</SUB>. For such purpose, by using the density functional theory (DFT) and microkinetic modeling methods, we systematically calculate the catalytic properties (activation energy barrier, turn of frequency (TOF), and rate constant), physical properties (cohesive and formation energy) and electronic structures (local density of state, and local charge distribution) of the different defective Cu sites [such as the stepped, kinked, Zn-substituted stepped Cu(2 1 1) surfaces] and the different Zn ensembles [dimer, and linear ensemble].</P> <P>First, our DFT calculations exhibit that the Zn atoms at the sevenfold-coordinated site of the Cu(2 1 1) surface tend to be isolated and acts as the modifier to suppress the loss of Cu atoms from the stepped Cu(2 1 1) surface. Second, we find that the catalysis of CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH synthesis strongly depends on the type of defects at the Cu(2 1 1) surface. In particular, the single Zn atom-substituted (sevenfold-coordinated) stepped site in the Cu(2 1 1) surface is found to have the superior catalytic activity (TOF = 3.07 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> @ P = 75 bar and T = 523 K) toward the CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH formation compared to the traditionally-known active Cu(2 1 1) surface (TOF = 2.73 × 10<SUP>−7</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>). In contrast, the sixfold-coordinated kinked site is determined to largely slow down the rate of CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH production (TOF = 3.34 × 10<SUP>−15</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>). The increased catalysis in the Zn-associated stepped site is related to the significant enhancement of the surface affinity toward the adsorbate having the oxygen moiety (especially, HCOO), which leads to the large reduction of the activation energy barrier in the initial energy-demanding CO<SUB>2</SUB> hydrogenation reaction and in turn the improved catalysis of CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH synthesis. Our DFT calculation also elucidates that the stronger covalent-like overlap between O 2p—Zn 3d electrons (which is caused by the electronic charge loss of the Zn atom to the near-neighboring Cu sites) than the O 2p—Cu 3d case is responsible for such enhanced affinity of oxygen-containing adsorbates. In addition, we found that the single Zn atom exhibit the highest activity of CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH production (TOF<SUB>CH3OH</SUB> = 3.07 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>) over the dimer (1.62 × 10<SUP>−7</SUP> s<SUP>−11</SUP>) and linear ensemble (5.53 × 10<SUP>−7</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>), which is related to the weaker affinity of Zn with H than the Cu-H case, which leads to the low coverage of surface H atom and in turn retard the CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH production via CH<SUB>3</SUB>O hydrogenation.</P> <P>Our study highlights the novel strategy of engineering the activity and stability of the defective undercoordinated kinked site for the enhanced CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH synthesis from CO<SUB>2</SUB> and H<SUB>2</SUB> by controlling the arrangement of surface Zn atom at the stepped Cu(2 1 1) surface.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Cu(1 1 1) were modified into stepped Cu, kinked Cu and Zn substituted Cu. </LI> <LI> The catalysis of CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH synthesis depends on the type of defects at the Cu surface. </LI> <LI> The single Zn ensemble surface shows higher activity than dimer and linear surface. </LI> <LI> The sixfold-coordinated kinked site slows down the rate of CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH production. </LI> <LI> High performance is related to the affinity toward the adsobrate having the oxygen. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>