全北地域 農村工業開發이 水質 環境에 미치는 影響에 關한 硏究

김환기,송호면,김진덕 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1995 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.10 No.1

This study was performed on 27 agricultural industrial parks locating in Chonbuk Province for examining the influence of local environment with situation of location, actual condition of occupied plant with industrial classification, and relations of streams. The obtained results are as follows 1) An environmental impact assessment for agricultural industrial park needs for the selection of live-in plants. The method of regulation of total emission deciding the amount of wastewater discharge and its concentration according to the given condition in the water area of discharge needs to be introduced. 2) Because most of discharge streams from the agricultural industrial parks is small and their purposal water qulity belongs to Ⅰ∼Ⅱ grade, the worse possible of water qulity in the water area of discharge is great. 3) A common wastewater plant on agricultural industrial park applies a biochemical treatment method and the discharge water qulity appears to be contented the legal criteria, but it appears to be necessary the strengthen of treatment facilities and continual control because the water qulity of influx shows great difference from 14㎎/ℓ to 340㎎/ℓ according to each agricultural industrial park. 4) In case of considering the characteristic of wastewater on it and small business, the mixing treatment with urban sewage is desirable and the individual treatment facility of agricultural industrial park should need a common treatment as possible.

델타-시그마 변환기의 효과적인 dither 방안

현덕환 경주대학교 정보전자기술연구소 2003 情報電子技術論叢 Vol.2 No.-

Delta-Sigma Modulator(DSM) is an important building block for low-frequency high-resolution A/D and D/A converters. It continue to wide its application areas such as high fidelity audio, speech processing, frequency control systems, and digital audio circuits. One of the key advantages of the DSMs is that they do not require precise analog components which needs to be trimmed during calibration process. This makes the implementation of the DSM possible with low-cost CMOS circuitry in a form of switched-capacitor or switched-current circuits. But it suffers performance degradation due to so called pattern noise which came from the repetitive nature of the output sequences. In order to reduce the detrimental effects of the pattern noise, pseudo random noise signal is applied to the system as dither signal Pattern noise or idle channel tones have characteristics which is very difficult to observe or characterize due to its temporal nature. While reducing pattern noise, dither signal also degrade S/N ratio of the system. This paper addresses the negative impacts of the dither signal on the system performances. We propose an effective dithering scheme which does not degrade system performance. We also compare the results of the proposed method with conventional ones. Probability of the occurrence of the limit cycles and resulting SQNR(signal-to-quantization noise ratio) in the passband will be addressed.

내시경을 이용한 수근관 증후군의 치료

오정환,고덕환 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1994 건국의과학학술지 Vol.4 No.-

Carpal tunnel syndrome is ascribed to a delayed median nerve compression within the carpal tunnel, characterized by tingling sensation or numbness anlong the median nerve distributed area below the wrist. it can be caused by various factors which make the carpal tunnel narrow. Surgical release of the carpal ligament is required if the symptoms persist or becoming severe in spite of the conservative treatment and simple resection of the carpal ligament without internal neurolysis is reported to be sufficient with good clinical results. We used a new technique of the carpal tunnel release with an arthroscope for the carpal tunnel syndrome and had a satisfactory clinical results with a minimal skin incision, early exercises without immobilization and short hospitalization with low cost and time-saving at the base of day surgery. So we are reporting this new, simple and advantageous technique with a review of the literatures.

테니스 용어의 순화연구

김석환,박덕유 한국체육대학교 2001 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

This paper introduces interpretations of several foreign tennis terms, as well as their Korean equivalent terms. Korean terms are preferred because they facilitate the Korean public's understanding of the games. In the sport industry of the 21st century, elite sport and leisure sport must be given equal attention. It is recommended that for every sport category, an organization that takes on the responsibility of popularizing the sport be established. In an attempt to popularize a sport, the use of Korean terms in place of foreign terms is helpful. Such understanding, in turn, increases interest in the games and therefore promotes participation. Thus, the refinement of sport terms may at times be awkward, but it is necessary. This paper introduces arbitrary tennis terms which require adjustment and supplement in the actual field. Note, however, that it is not being suggested that all foreign terms be changed to Korean because the use of foreign terms is possible.

스포츠 소비자의 브랜드전환에 관한 연구

최덕환 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.2

A goal of the study was to analyze factors for consumers' brand switching,, examine brand switching groups of different sports consumers, and validate relationship between factors for brand switching and brand switching groups. The investigation for the study was done on sports consumers that use indoor and outdoor golf ranges located in Seoul and Gyeoggi region. The followings show the conclusion of the investigation. First, the factors for sports brand switching are representativness, price, advertisement, and convenience of purchase. There was a significant difference in the factors for sports brand switching according to the characteristics of sports consumers. Second, the sports brand switching groups were divided into first→first brand group, first→latter brand group, latter→first brand group and latter→latter brand group. There was a significant difference in the sports brand switching groups according to the characteristics of sports consumers. Third, the variables of sports brand switching have significant influences on sports brand switching groups. In conclusion, the sports brand study should not only analyze the behaviors of consumers but also provide strategic suggestions of new brands to manufacturers in Korea where the world sports brand power is very weak.

스포츠소비자의 스포츠브랜드 애호도에 관한 연구

최덕환 한국학교체육학회 2002 한국학교 체육학회지 Vol.12 No.1

본 연구에서는 스포츠용품에 대한 스포츠소비자의 특성별 지각된 스포츠브랜드 애호도 유형을 규명함으로써 스포츠소비자의 의사결정을 규정짓는 다각적인 경로를 모색하고자 하였다. 조사대상은 상업스포츠시설 이용자로 한정하였으며 조사도구는 설문지로서 브랜드애호도에 관한 문항은 Cunningham(1967), Runyon & Nowen(1987), Suresh(1993), 이상욱(1996), 이영우(1998)의 설문문항을 기초로 구성하였으며 유효회수율은 97.93%(568명)이었다. 수집 된 자료는 SPSS win ver.10.0 통계프로그램을 사용하여 빈도분석, t-test, 군집분석, 분산분석(ANOVA)을 실시하였으며 집단간 유의한 결과에 대해서는 LSD를 이용하여 사후검증을 실시하였다. 이상과 같은 연구방법 및 연구결과를 기초로 하여 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 스포츠브랜드 애호도 유형 중 감정적 애호도는 스포츠의류에서만 성별에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 스포츠브랜드 애호도 유형 중 상황적 애호도는 스포츠의류에서 직업, 학력, 운동경력에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 스포츠화에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 스포츠브랜드 애호도 유형 중 인지적 애호도는 스포츠화에서 성별과 연령을 제외한 모든 인구통계적 변인에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈으며, 스포츠의류에서는 성별, 연령, 월평균 가계수입에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 넷째, 스포츠브랜드 애호도 유형 중 비애호도는 스포츠화와 스포츠의류 모두에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로 스포츠용품 소비자의 구매의사 결정에 있어서 브랜드 애호도는 중대한 부분을 차지하며 또한 스포츠용품의 반복적 구매행동의 정도와 호의적인 태도 유무에 따른 브랜드애호도 유형들은 전략적 스포츠마케팅 차원에서 브랜드포지셔닝에 새로운 전략적 시사점을 제공할 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to grope for a new route of stipulating a purchasing intention decision of sport consumers and to supply basic evidence of brand positioning in sports marketing by stipulating the relation between cognitive sport brand characteristics of sport product and brand loyalty based on sport consumers. In order to achieve the purpose, the relation between sport consumer individuality sport product consumer and types of brand loyalty were posed as definite subjects of this study. This study limited sport products to sport shoes and sport wear, and a type of brand loyalty was separated into emotional brand loyalty, cognitive brand loyalty, situational brand loyalty, and non-brand loyalty due to a rate of repetitive purchasing behavior and amicable attitude. Subjects of the study were people who were using commercial sport facilities. The subjects level of brand loyalty was measured by questionnaires based on Cunningham(1967), Runyon(1987), Suresh(1993), Sangwuk Lee(1996), Youngwoo Lee(1998). The rate of valid response was 97.93%. Collected data were computer-analyzed by proper procedure. For data analysis, appling SPSS win ver.10.0 frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA, congregate analysiswere enforced, and for the significant conclusion between the large groups LSD was applied to the post-hoc verification, the conclusion were drawn as follows: First, according to the sport product consumer groups, there welt significant differences in the emotional brand loyalty. Second, according to the sport product consumer groups, there were significant differences in the situational brand loyalty. Third, according to the sport product consumer groups, there were significant differences in the cognitive brand loyalty. Fourth, according to the sport product consumer groups, there were no significant differences in the non-brand loyalty. The results of this study indicated that the sport brand loyalty was critical factor decision-making process of sport consumers moreover, and this study provided new strategic issues of brand-positioning in sport marketing.

스포츠소비자의 스포츠 브랜드인지도와 브랜드애호도 관계

최덕환 한국학교체육학회 2002 한국학교 체육학회지 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구는 스포츠소비자의 스포츠 용품 브랜드 인지도와 브랜드 애호도의 관계를 규명하여 스포츠소비자의 의사결정을 규정짓는 브랜드 포지셔닝에 기초자료를 제공하는 것이다. 조사대상은 서울시와 경기지역의 종합스포츠 센터 이용자로 한정하였으며 설문조사를 실시하여 유효인원 568명의 조사 자료를 분석목적에 따라 전산처리 하였다. 사용된 분석방법은 인구통계적 변인을 위한 빈도분석과 연구가설을 검증하기 위하여 평균비교분석(t-test), 일원 분산분석(one-way ANOVA), 군집분석, stepwise 방식에 의한 중다회귀분석(multiple regression analysis)을 실시하였으면 집단간 유의한 결과에 대해서는 LSD를 이용하여 사후검증을 실시하였다. 이상과 같이 분석한 결과를 토대로 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 스포츠용품 소비자 집단변인에 따라 스포츠브랜드 인지도에는 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 성별에서는 스포츠의류에서만이 통계적으로 유의한(p<.001) 차가 나타났으며 남자가 여자보다 브랜드 인지도가 높게 나타났으며 스포츠화에서는 20대 미만(M=2.9785, SD=.6337집단이 브랜드 인지도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 특히 스포츠화에서는 학생집단, 월 평균가계수입 200-299만원집단이 높게 나타났으며 스포츠의류에서는 직장인집단, 월 평균가계수입 200-299만원, 3년 이상의 운동경력집단에서 브랜드 인지도가 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 스포츠 브랜드인지도는 브랜드 애호도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 스포츠용품 소비자의 스포츠 브랜드 인지도가 높을수록 브랜드 애호도에 긍정적 영향이 높게 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 스포츠소비자와 스포츠브랜드간의 관계 연구는 우리 스포츠산업의 결정력을 높일 수 있는 밑거름이 될 것으로 사료되며, 세계적인 스포츠브랜드에 대하여 경쟁력을 확보할 수 있는 전략적 시사점을 도출하는 많은 다각적 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study was to search for a new route of stipulating a purchasing intention decision of sport consumers and to supply basic evidence of brand positioning in sports marketing by stipulating the relation between cognitive sport brand awareness of sport product and brand loyalty based on sport consumers. In order to achieve the purpose, the relation between sport consumer individuality sport product consumer and types of brand loyalty were posed as definite subjects of this study. This study limited sport products to sport shoes and sport wear, and a type of brand loyalty was separated into emotional brand loyalty, cognitive brand loyalty, situational brand loyalty, and non-brand loyalty due to a rate of repetitive purchasing behavior and amicable attitude. Subjects of the study were people who were using commercial sport center. the rate of valid response was 97.93%. Collected data were computer-analyzed by proper procedure. for data analysis, appling SPSS win ver.10.0 frequency analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Cluster analysis , Multiple Regression Analysis were enforced, and for the significant conclusion between the large groups LSD was applied to the post-hoc verification, the conclusion were drawn as follows: First, The difference in the characteristics of brand awareness was due to sport product consumer groups, according to the sport product consumer groups, there were significant differences in the cognitive of sport brand. Second, In the regression analysis of the brand awareness, the total regression equation was significant among all sport shoes and sport ware. As the brand awareness increased, the brand loyalty increases as well. The results of this study indicated that the sport brand loyalty was critical factor decision-making process of sport consumers moreover, and this study provided new strategic issues of brand-positioning in sport marketing.

스포츠브랜드개성과 자아이미지의 일치성이 브랜드태도와 구매의도에 미치는 영향

최덕환 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.3

The purpose of this study is SOD, MDA effect on Incheon University 16 hockey players for 12 weeks after Ogapi intake concludes as followed, 1. During the intake time SOD, MDA and SOD/MDA changed of only the Ogapi group(P<.05) remarkable contrast, but the placebo group had no contrast. 2. Just after the exercise time SOD, MDA not changed of Ogapi group (P<.D5) remarkable contrast, but SOD/MDA changed (P<.05). But placebo group had no contrast, 3. During the recovery time of 30minute SOD, MDA not changed of Ogapi group remarkable contrast, but SOD/MDA changed (P<.05). But placebo group had no contrast. 4. Exercise continuance times according to existence (and nonexistence) of Oagpi in take not changed placebo group, but Ogapi group The study was done to present basic data that can support the relationship between sports consumers and sports brands not only theoretically but also empirically by extending the relationship. Based on BPS(Brand Personality Scale) that is measured by introducing the concept of human personality in brands, the study examined the Influence of congruity of real self-image and ideal self-image on brand attitude and purchase intention. The following conclusions could be made with the investigation on consumers that use golf facilities In Seoul and Gyeongkido, First, when the congruity of brand personality and self-image for domestic · oversea golf brands is high, it has positive influence on brand attitude. Second, when the congruity of brand personality and self-image for domestic & oversea golf brand is high, it has positive influence on purchase intention, Lastly, competent and refinement of the brand personality concepts had a significant influence on the oversea brand attitude, Also, refinement and tenacity had a big influence on purchase intention, As for domestic brands, the personality concept of refinement and interest had the biggest influence, In purchase intention, there was 65.1% of description and the personality concept of interests and sincerity had the biggest influence, changed remarkable contrast(p<.05).

대구시 아파트 공급 및 가격 특성에 관한 연구

강태환,최덕근 한국부동산분석학회 2002 不動産學硏究 Vol.8 No.2

This study is to analyze the factors which affect the apartment prices and the characteristics of apartments supply in Daegu. The results are as follows. First, this is the analyses on the characteristics of apartment supply. 1)The proportion that the apartment occupies in the whole of Daegu, is more than half and the type of apartment is representative in the city now. 2)The apartment occupies more than half in all residence over Daegu as a representative residential type. 3)Those apartments were supplied by mainly private sectors and small scale site(below 300 houses) occupies the first of three in total. 4)Those have been mass-supplied from the late 1980s when a quantitative-supply-policy was drived. 5)Most of them are regionally distributed in Dalseogu, Susonggu, Bukgu where a large-scale development has been carried out lately. Second, this is the analyses on the characteristics of apartment price. 1)Prices are relatively high in large scale sites (over 1,000 houses) composed of over nine buildings and 132㎡, which were built after 1996. In regional analysis, Suseonggu positions highest zone in apartment prices and the distance from downtown does not have a big influence on the prices. Also the prices nearby parks and department stores are high. Especially, they are affected more by internal factors than by external factors in Daegu.

실버소비자의 스포츠·레저용품 구매행동에 관한 연구

김성훈,최덕환 한국학교체육학회 2003 한국학교 체육학회지 Vol.13 No.1

본 연구는 실버소비자들의 스포츠 레저 용품에 관련한 인식과 태도, 구매행동을 조사하고 이를 계층별로 나누어 분석하므로써 기초적인 마케팅 자료를 제시하는 것이다. 이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 서울특별시에 거주하고 있는 55세 이상의 실버소비자들을 전집으로 하여 뉴 실버집단(55-64세) 230명과 실버집단(65세이상) 132명을 표집하여 실버소비자의 스포츠 ?레저용품 인식과 태도, 구매행동을 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론에 도달하였다 첫째, 실버계층에 따른 실버소비자의 스포츠·레저용품 인식과 태도는 관심도, 소유욕, 부의 상징, 가격과 품질, 상표간 품질차이 인식도에서 모두 뉴 실버집단이 실버집단보다 높게 나타났으며 통계적으로도 현저한 차이로 유의하게 나타났다. 둘째, 실버계층에 따른 실버소비자의 스포츠·레저용품 구매행동은 최근 1년 간 스포츠·레저용품 구매여부는 뉴 실버가 많았으며 구매현황은 뉴 실버 집단은 스포츠의류, 레저용품 순으로 나타났으며 실버집단은 스포츠의류, 신발류 순으로 유의한 차이로 나타났다. 주요구매결정요인은 가격, 디자인/색상, 제조회사/상표에서 뉴 실버집단이 현저하게 유의한 차이로 나타났다. 스포츠 레저용품 최종 구매결정요인은 두 집단 모두 실용성/편리함을 주요 요인으로 삼았고 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 구매장소는 뉴 실버집단이 전문스포츠매장과 상설할인 매장, 실버집단은 동네상점과 종합시장에서 주로 구매하며 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 구매 만족도는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 불만족요인은 뉴 실버집단은 품질과 가격, 실버집단은 실용성/편리함과 품질을 불만족 요인으로 지적하였고 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 이상과 같이 실버소비자와 뉴 실버소비자를 단지 하나의 실버시장으로 보는 것보다는 세분화할 필요성이 발견되었고 다각적인 실버계층의 스포츠 소비행태에 대한 지속적인 연구가 모색되어져야 할 것이며 특히, 뉴 실버소비자층을 별도의 표적시장으로 삼아 접근해야 할 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to examine silver consumers' perception of sporting and leisure goods, their attitude to the same and purchase behavior by lass in a bid to be of use for more successful marketing strategy. The subjects in this study were 362 people selected from among the eldery over 55 who resided in Seoul. Out of them, 230 people aged from 55 to 64 were called here the new silver group and 132 over 65 were called the silver group. A survey was conducted to find out their awareness of sporting and leisure goods, their attitude and purchase behavior. The instrument used in this study was 15-item questionnaire covering silver consumers' perception of sporting and leisure goods, their attitude and purchase behavior. As the subjects were old people who had relatively poor cognitive ability, self-administration method and interview were employed together. The collected data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and χ²test. As a result of analyzing the intervariable relationship, the fallowing findings were acquired: First, the new silver group had more perception of sporting and leisure goods and more active attitude, compared to the silver group. The difference between the two was significant. Second, for the past year, the new silver group purchased more sporting and leisure goods. There appeared a significant gap between the two group in purchase state, primary buying-decision factor. final buying-decision factor, purchase place and dissatisfaction factor. The purchase satisfaction level didn't vary significantly.