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Su Ping Ong,Dennis J. O’Dowd,Peter T. Green 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.2
Development and reproduction of the hymenopteran parasitoid Tachardiaephagus somervilli Mahdihassan (Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae) were studied in its native range in Malaysia as part of a classical biological control program on Christmas Island (Indian Ocean). Tachardiaephagus somervilli was reared in the laboratory on its target host, the yellow lac scale, Tachardina aurantiaca Cockerell (Coccoidea: Kerriidae). The developmental time, survival, and sex ratio of F1 offspring from two different sources of F0 adults (field-collected F0 adults [=‘wild-caught’] and F0 adults that emerged from parasitized hosts in the laboratory [=‘laboratory-emerged’]) were compared. Sources of F0 adults did not affect the developmental time of either male or female offspring, which ranged from 23 to 25 days. Furthermore, per capita fecundity of laboratory-emerged F0 females was three times greater than wild-caught F0 females. The number of emerged F1 adults was positively related to host size. Tachardiaephagus somervilli has a short generation time relative to its female Tachardina hosts (~23 vs ~90 days), high fecundity (~16 emerged offspring per laboratory-emerged female) and can potentially complete 12–15 generations per year. This rearing protocol produced sufficient quantities of adult T. somervilli for the export and successful introduction to Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) for the biological control of invasive T. aurantiaca, with near 100% survival rates for both sexes during transit.
T. Dennis Thomas,Surabhi Shankar 한국식물생명공학회 2009 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.3 No.1
An efficient micropropagation protocol based on multiple shoot induction and callus regeneration has been standardized in Sarcostemma brevistigma, a rare medicinal plant. The nodal cuttings were cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA (0.5–8 lM) or Kn (0.5– 8 lM) alone or in combination with NAA (0.5–1.5 lM). Maximum multiple shoot induction was observed on MS medium supplemented with 4 lM BA. On this medium, 100% cultures responded with an average number of 11.3 shoots per explant. However, the average shoot length was limited to only 0.9 cm on this medium. The addition of 1 lM NAA along with 4 lM BA gave rise to an average number of 10.9 shoots with an average shoot length of 1.8 cm. Luxuriantly growing callus was obtained on MS medium supplemented with BA (5 lM) and 2,4-D (2 lM). The callus was subcultured on MS medium supplemented with BA (2–15 lM) or Kn (2–15 lM) alone or in combination with NAA (0.5–2 lM) for shoot organogenesis. Optimum callus regeneration was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 10 lM BA and 1 lM NAA. On this medium, 100% cultures responded with an average number of 13.4 shoots per culture. The shoots obtained via multiple shoot induction and organogenesis were rooted on halfstrength MS medium supplemented with NAA (1–7 lM) or IBA (1–7 lM). IBA was better than NAA in terms of both the percentage of cultures that responded and the average number of roots per explant. The rooted shoots were successfully transplanted to soil with 86% success. This standardized protocol will help to conserve this rare medicinal plant. An efficient micropropagation protocol based on multiple shoot induction and callus regeneration has been standardized in Sarcostemma brevistigma, a rare medicinal plant. The nodal cuttings were cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA (0.5–8 lM) or Kn (0.5– 8 lM) alone or in combination with NAA (0.5–1.5 lM). Maximum multiple shoot induction was observed on MS medium supplemented with 4 lM BA. On this medium, 100% cultures responded with an average number of 11.3 shoots per explant. However, the average shoot length was limited to only 0.9 cm on this medium. The addition of 1 lM NAA along with 4 lM BA gave rise to an average number of 10.9 shoots with an average shoot length of 1.8 cm. Luxuriantly growing callus was obtained on MS medium supplemented with BA (5 lM) and 2,4-D (2 lM). The callus was subcultured on MS medium supplemented with BA (2–15 lM) or Kn (2–15 lM) alone or in combination with NAA (0.5–2 lM) for shoot organogenesis. Optimum callus regeneration was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 10 lM BA and 1 lM NAA. On this medium, 100% cultures responded with an average number of 13.4 shoots per culture. The shoots obtained via multiple shoot induction and organogenesis were rooted on halfstrength MS medium supplemented with NAA (1–7 lM) or IBA (1–7 lM). IBA was better than NAA in terms of both the percentage of cultures that responded and the average number of roots per explant. The rooted shoots were successfully transplanted to soil with 86% success. This standardized protocol will help to conserve this rare medicinal plant.
Total Dietary Fiber and Mineral Absorption
Gordon, Dennis-T. The Korean Nutrition Society 1992 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.34 No.3
The consumption of foods rich in TDF should not be associated with impaired mineral absorp-tion and long-term mineral status. In surveys of populations consuming high amounts of TDF e.g Third World populations and vegetarinas gross deficiencies in mineral nutrition have not been noted. If mineral status is low among these groups it is most likely caused by the inadequacy or imbalance of the diet and not by the TDF. The key word is interaction which should be inte-rpreted in dietary imbalances that produce nut-rient deficiencies. There are no strong data to support the concept that TDF inhibits mineral absorption through a binding chelation mechanism. Limited data sug-gest that positively charged groups on polymers such as chitosan and cholestyramine will decrease iron absorption in humans and animals. Because TDF does not contain positively charged groups future research should be directed at the possible role of protein consumed along with TDF and the combination of effects on mineral nutrition Phytic acid is acknowledged as a potent chela-tor of zinc. However its association with zinc and its propensity to lower Zn bioavaiability may enhance the absorption of other elements notably copper and iron. The importance of interactions among nutrients including TDF will gain addi-tional attention in the scientific community. Soluble and insoluble dietary fiber function di-fferently in the intestine. Insoluble fibers accele-rate movement through the intestine. Soluble die-tary fibers appear to regulated blood concentra-tions of glucose and cholesterol albeit by some unknown mechanism. In creased viscosity produ-ced by the SDF in the intestine may provide an explanation of how this class of polymers affects plasma glucose cholesterol and other nutrients. Employing a double-perfusion technique in the rat we demonstrated that viscosity produced by SDF will delay transfer of zinc into the circulatory system. This delayed absorption should not be interpreted as decreased utilization. A great deal of additional research is required to prove the importance of luminaly viscosity produced by SDF on slowing nutrient absorption or regulating bllod nutrient homeostasis. Increased intake of TDF in the total human diet appears desirable. A dietary intake of 35g/day should not be considered to have a negative effect on mineral absorption. It is important to educate people that an intake of more than 35g TDF/day may cause an imbalance in the diet that can adve-rsely affect mineral utilization. Acknowledgments. Appreciation is given to Dr. George V. Vahouny(deceased) who was intense a great competitor in and out of science and who gave the author inspiration Portions of this work were supported by the University of Missouri Ag-ricultural Station and by a grant from the Univer-rch Support Grant RR 07053 from the National Institutes of Health. Contribution of the Missouri Agriculatural Experiments Station Journal Series No. 10747.
CORIUM COOLABILITY UNDER EX-VESSEL ACCIDENT CONDITIONS FOR LWRs
MITCHELL T. FARMER,DENNIS J. KILSDONK,ROBERT W. AESCHLIMANN 한국원자력학회 2009 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.41 No.5
In the wake of the Three Mile Island accident, vigorous research efforts were initiated to acquire a basic knowledge of the progression and consequences of accidents that involve a substantial degree of core degradation and melting. The primary emphasis of this research was placed on containment integrity, with: i) hydrogen combustion-detonation, ii) steam explosion, iii) direct containment heating (DCH), and iv) melt attack on the BWR Mark-I containment shell identified as energetic processes that could lead to early containment failure (i.e., within the first 24 hours of the accident). Should the core melt fail the reactor vessel, then non-condensable gas production from Molten Core-Concrete Interaction (MCCI) was identified as a mechanism that could fail the containment by pressurization over the long term. One signification question that arose as part of this investigation was the effectiveness of water in terminating an MCCI by flooding the interacting masses from above, thereby quenching the molten core debris and rendering it permanently coolable. Successful quenching of the core melt would prevent basemat melt through, as well as continued containment pressurization by non-condensable gas production, and so the accident progression would be successfully terminated without release of radioactivity to the environment. Based on these potential merits, ex-vessel corium coolability has been the focus of extensive research over the last 20 years as a potential accident management strategy for current plants. In addition, outcomes from this research have impacted the accident management strategies for the Gen III+ LWR plant designs that are currently being deployed around the world. This paper provides: i) an historical overview of corium coolability research, ii) summarizes the current status of research in this area, and iii) highlights trends in severe accident management strategies that have evolved based on the findings from this work.
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., an Endangered Medicinal Herb
Thomas, T.Dennis,Jacob, Alphonsa The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2004 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.6 No.3
In vitro multiplication of Curculigo orchioides was achieved by direct somatic embryogenesis in young leaf segments. Immature leaf segments of about 0.5 cm in length were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (2-10 $\mu{M}$) or Kin (2-10 $\mu{M}$). Optimum response in terms of per cent cultures responding (89%) and the number of embryos per explant (16) were observed on MS medium supplemented with 8 $\mu$M BAP. The emergence of several somatic embryos on the adaxial side of the leaf segments was observed one month after the culture. Germinated somatic embryos were grown up to about 1.5 cm length before transferring to maturation medium. For maturation, the individual embryos were isolated and transferred to MS medium supplemented with BAP (5 $\mu{M}$) and NAA (0.5 $\mu{M}$). The plantlets emerged from the embryos were transferred to soil containing 1 peat: 1 sand with 90% success. The embryos were formed directly on the leaf segments without any callus phase. Direct regeneration of somatic embryos is important for the conservation of this endangered species, as rare somaclonal variants are likely to arise than from indirect regeneration.
Advances in Mulberry Tissue Culture
Thomas, T. Dennis 한국식물학회 2002 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.45 No.1
The mulberry (Morus spp.) is an important tree in the sericultural industry because its leaves constitute the sole source of food for the Mori silkworm (Bombyx mori). Qualitative and quantitative improvements in mulberry varieties play a vital role in industrial advances. However, the perennial nature of the plants, coupled with the species prolonged juvenile period, slows this process. Plant tissue-culture techniques have been used extensively for stock improvement During the last thirty years, several researchers have reported success in plant regeneration from different explants types. This review describes the major findings in mulberry tissue-culture research.