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TRIM56 Suppresses Multiple Myeloma Progression by Activating TLR3/TRIF Signaling
Ying Chen,Jing Zhao,Dengzhe Li,Jinxia Hao,Pengcheng He,Huaiyu Wang,Mei Zhang 연세대학교의과대학 2018 Yonsei medical journal Vol.59 No.1
Purpose: Tripartite-motif-containing protein 56 (TRIM56) has been found to exhibit a broad antiviral activity, depending upon E3 ligaseactivity. Here, we attempted to evaluate the function of TRIM56 in multiple myeloma (MM) and its underlying molecular basis. Materials and Methods: TRIM56 expression at the mRNA and protein level was measured by qRT PCR and western blot analysis. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry analysis was performed to investigate the effect of TRIM56 on MM cell proliferation and apoptosis. The concentrations of interferon (IFN)-β, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in MM cell culture supernatants were detected with respective commercial ELISA kits. Western blot was employedto determine the effect of TRIM56 on toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)/toll-IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor inducingIFN-β (TRIF) signaling pathway. Results: TRIM56 expression was prominently decreased in MM cells. Poly (dA:dT)-induced TRIM56 overexpression in U266 cells suppressed proliferation, induced apoptosis, and enhanced inflammatory cytokine production, while TRIM56 knockdown improvedgrowth, diminished apoptosis, and inhibited inflammatory cytokine secretion in RPMI8226 cells. Moreover, TRIM56 knockdownblocked TLR3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, poly (I:C), a TLR3 agonist, markedly abolished TRIM56 depletion-induced increase of proliferation, decrease of apoptosis, and reduction of inflammatory factor in MM cells. Conclusion: TRIM56 may act as a tumor suppressor in MM through activation of TLR3/TRIF signaling pathway, contributing to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of TRIM56 involvement in MM pathogenesis and providing a promising therapystrategy for patients with MM.
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Primary Research on Theoretical Performance and Powder Supply Characteristics of Powder Rocket
Deng, Zhe,Hu, Chun-bo,Hu, Song-qi,Xu, Yi-hua The Society for Aerospace System Engineering 2015 International Journal of Aerospace System Engineer Vol.2 No.2
The powder propellant rocket which uses micron-sized particles as fuel is storable and costly. Functions like thrust control and multiple-ignition can be realized by changing powder mass flow rate. In this paper, we discuss the theoretical performance of bi-propellant and mono-propellant powder rocket. When used as the fluidization gas, helium can improve specific impulse dramatically. The stability of the powder feeding device is preliminarily quantified through metal/N2O powder rocket hot fire tests.
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