La이 혼입된 고유전체/메탈 게이트가 적용된 나노 스케일 NMOSFET에서의 PBTI 신뢰성의 특성 분석

권혁민,한인식,박상욱,복정득,정의정,곽호영,권성규,장재형,고성용,이원묵,이희덕,Kwon, Hyuk-Min,Han, In-Shik,Park, Sang-Uk,Bok, Jung-Deuk,Jung, Yi-Jung,Kwak, Ho-Young,Kwon, Sung-Kyu,Jang, Jae-Hyung,Go, Sung-Yong,Lee, Weon-Mook,Lee, Hi-De 한국전기전자재료학회 2011 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.24 No.3

In this paper, PBTI characteristics of NMOSFETs with La incorporated HfSiON and HfON are compared in detail. The charge trapping model shows that threshold voltage shift (${\Delta}V_{\mathrm{T}}$) of NMOSFETs with HfLaON is greater than that of HfLaSiON. PBTI lifetime of HfLaSiON is also greater than that of HfLaON by about 2~3 orders of magnitude. Therefore, high charge trapping rate of HfLaON can be explained by higher trap density than HfLaSiON. The different de-trapping behavior under recovery stress can be explained by the stable energy for U-trap model, which is related to trap energy level at zero electric field in high-k dielectric. The trap energy level of two devices at zero electric field, which is extracted using Frenkel-poole emission model, is 1,658 eV for HfLaSiON and 1,730 eV for HfLaON, respectively. Moreover, the optical phonon energy of HfLaON extracted from the thermally activated gate current is greater than that of HfLaSiON.

The Study on Ruo (若) in the Annotation of Duan Yucai’s Shuo Wen Jie Zi Zhu

De-yi WANG 세계한자학회 2023 世界漢字硏究 Vol.6 No.1

The Development of Cultural Tourism

Yi-De Liu,Chi-Fan Lin 세계문화관광학회 2009 Conference Proceedings Vol.10 No.0

This paper aims to identify commonalities in the successful development of cultural tourism in the UK that may be applied to other cities with similar contextual characteristics for cultural tourism development. It is also presented as a baseline for further comparative analysis. By examining and comparing the strategies of four major cities (i.e. London, Edinburg, Glasgow and Liverpool) with abundant experience in developing cultural tourism, it is found that London and Edinburgh, with an established cultural base and a large amount of 'real cultural capital', have managed to derive considerable economic benefit from its existing cultural facilities through developing cultural tourism. On the contrary, in Glasgow and Liverpool, the lack of an existing cultural base necessitated a strategy of investing continuously in new cultural attractions and events, and need to pay proportionately far more efforts than London and Edinburgh. Some implications are drawn for those cities tend to use cultural tourism for economic and tourism development. First, heritage resources are usually place-dependent, whereas art production and consumption is relatively place-independent. For those new destinations trying to overcome the dominance of the existing cultural capitals, they may focus on drama, musical performances or art displays those have higher mobility. Second, having culture is not enough. It is important to understand the needs of the cultural tourist, particularly in terms of the growing need to mix different cultural forms, such as 'high' and 'popular' culture, and 'learning' and 'fun'. Third, the event of the European Capitals of Culture is probably a good example of the new trends of cultural tourism. For instance, the brand created for Glasgow and Liverpool as European Capital of Culture status are set to last over and beyond the year of the event itself. However, care should be taken in the development of such event-based strategies.

Critical Factors for Marketing Urban Cultural Tourism

Yi-De LIU 세계문화관광학회 2009 International Journal of Culture and tourism Resea Vol.2 No.1

Cultural tourism is one of the largest and fastest growing global tourism markets, and marketing plays an important role is promoting cultural tourism destinations and increasing their competitiveness and attractiveness. Based on the 'value-based marketing' concept of Kotler and Keller (2008), this study takes a comprehensive overview of previous literature and identifies three dimensions which embrace a series of factors related to the marketing of urban cultural tourism. First, 'value exploration' consists of segmentation, targeting and positioning-the essence of strategic marketing. This study demonstrates that cultural tourism market can be segmented by six factors. Some elements are also proposed to craft a city's positioning. The second dimension is 'value creation', and authenticity, inclusiveness and creativity are the three critical factors [or developing cultural tourism products. Third, 'value delivery' is concerned with how a city can deliver the new value offerings more efficiently. The establishment of partnerships and the deployment of supporting resources are deemed as crucial. Finally, the conceptual model of this study could be presented as a base line for further primary research.

A single hepatic mass with two tales: hepatic tuberculosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

Yi De Ian Koh,Wei Qiang Leow 대한간암학회 2023 대한간암학회지 Vol.23 No.2

Hepatic tuberculosis (HTB) is an uncommon manifestation of tuberculous infections, and there has been no proven causal link between HTB and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We herein present a rare case of a synchronous presentation of HTB and HCC within a single hepatic mass. A 57-year-old Chinese gentleman with recently diagnosed sigmoid adenocarcinoma was found to have a left lower lobe pulmonary nodule and solitary hepatic mass on staging computed tomography. Biopsies showed the hepatic mass to have both HTB and HCC components. This serves as a reminder that HTB is an important differential to consider for space-occupying lesions in the liver. Histological evaluation of suspected hepatic malignancies is recommended to exclude the presence of HTB in appropriate clinical settings.

Neural Direct Adaptive Active Disturbance Rejection Controller for Electro-hydraulic Servo System

De-Yi Zhang,Song-Yong Liu,Yi Chen,Cong-Cong Gu 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2022 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.20 No.7

This paper develops a neural direct adaptive active disturbance rejection controller for the electrohydraulic servo system (EHSS). EHSS in the construction mining machinery is a high-order nonlinear system with uncertainties and heavy external disturbance, which challenges the controller. The proposed control scheme, integrating neural direct adaptive controller and linear extended state observer (LESO), is designed based EHSS’s reduced-order model. The stronger robustness and the improved tracking performance can be expected by using LESO to compensate for remaining uncertainties. In addition, the rationality of reduced-order model and the stability of the proposed controller are proved. Comparative simulation results show that the controller has an excellent position tracking performance.

Comparative studies of density functionals in modelling hydrogen bonding energetics of acrylamide dimers

Lin, Yi-De,Wang, Yi-Siang,Chao, Sheng D. Techno-Press 2017 Coupled systems mechanics Vol.6 No.3

Intermolecular interaction energies and conformer geometries of the hydrogen bonded acrylamide dimers have been studied by using the second-order Møller-Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory and the density functional theory (DFT) with 17 density functionals. Dunning's correlation consistent basis sets (up to aug-cc-pVTZ) have been used to study the basis set effects. The DFT calculated interaction energies are compared to the reference energy data calculated by the MP2 method and the coupled cluster method at the complete basis set (CCSD(T)/CBS) limit in order to determine the relative performance of the studied density functionals. Overall, dispersion-energy-corrected density functionals outperform uncorrected ones. The ${\omega}B97XD$ density functional is particularly effective in terms of both accuracy and computational cost in estimating the reference energy values using small basis sets and is highly recommended for similar calculations for larger systems.

RTN4 3'-UTR Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Chinese Han Population

Lu, De-Yi,Mao, Xu-Hua,Zhou, Ying-Hui,Yan, Xiao-Long,Wang, Wei-Ping,Zheng, Ya-Biao,Xiao, Juan-Juan,Zhang, Ping,Wang, Jian-Guo,Ashwani, Neetika,Ding, Wei-Liang,Jiang, Hua,Shang, Yan,Wang, Ming-Hua Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.13

Nogo protein, encoded by gene reticulon-4 (RTN4), includes three major isoforms by different splicing, named Nogo-A Nogo-B and Nogo-C. Nogo proteins play an important role in the apoptosis of cells, especially in tumor cells. RTN4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can influence the efficiency of transcription and translation thus being related with an individual's predisposition to cancer. The CAA insertion/deletion polymorphism (rs34917480) within RTN4 3'-UTR has been reported to be associated with many cancer types. In order to investigate the relationship between this polymorphism and susceptibility to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the Chinese population, we conducted the present case-control study including 411 NSCLC patients and 471 unrelated healthy controls. The genotype distributions were significantly different between cases and controls (p=0.014). We found that the del allele could significantly increase NSCLC risk (ins/ins vs ins/del: p=0.007, OR 1.46, 95%CI=1.11-1.93; dominant model: p=0.004, OR 1.47, 95%CI=1.13-1.92 and allele model: p=0.008, OR 1.35, 95%CI=1.08-1.67). This association was stronger in participants over 60 years old, males and smokers. We therefore conclude that the CAA insertion/deletion polymorphism (rs34917480) contributes to non-small cell lung cancer risk in Chinese population. Age, sex and environmental exposure are also related to carcinogenic effects of rs34917480.

일부 지역 중국 여대생의 온라인 쇼핑몰에서의 화장품 쇼핑성향과 구매행동에 관한 연구

이덕일호 ( Yi De Ri Hu ),강수경 ( Soo-kyung Kang ) 한국미용학회 2017 한국미용학회지 Vol.23 No.4

This study aims to identify the subfactors of cosmetics shopping orientation and purchase behavior in online shopping malls in female college students in some parts of China and verify the correlation between the subfactors of shopping orientation and purchase behavior. It also aims to verify the difference between shopping orientation and purchase behavior depending on general characteristics. As a result, shopping orientation factors were drawn three subfactors: product comments seeking, pleasure seeking, and convenience seeking and cosmetics purchase behavior factors were drawn two subfactors: purchase search criteria and buying decision criteria. The correlation between the subfactors of shopping orientation and cosmetics purchase behavior showed a significant positive (+) correlation in all variables. In subfactors of shopping orientation depending on general characteristics, there was a significant difference in product comments seeking by grade, and in purchase amount, there was a significant difference in product comments seeking and convenience seeking. In subfactors of purchase behavior, there was a significant difference in purchase search criteria by grade, and in purchase amount, there was a significant difference in buying decision criteria only. Also, in online websites used, there was a significant difference in purchase search criteria. However, there was a limitation in generalizing the results of this study. The area of research was limited to the northern parts of China, and cosmetics purchase behavior and shopping orientation were only dealt with. Thus the analyses on the factors that might influence the cosmetics purchase were lacking. Further studies need to verify the difference in different age groups and gender and analyze the influence factors on the cosmetics purchase behavior deeply. It is also considered to be necessary to study a wide range of consumer groups in Asian regions.

The High Efficient Structure of Multi-Stage Decimator for Digital Bandpass Signal

De Jung Wang,Yi Gang Yang 대한전자공학회 1987 JTC-CSCC : Joint Technical Conference on Circuits Vol.- No.-