The Definition of Intelligence

( Dario De Judicibus ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2015 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.16 No.2

Intelligence has been defined in many different ways, but an operational definition that would form the foundations of a measurement that is totally objective, applicable to any individual regardless of context, and not influenced by the method used to measure it, has not yet been developed. This article aims to provide such a definition.

Investigating possible causes of bias in a progress test translation: an one-edged sword

Dario Cecilio-Fernandes,André Bremers,Carlos Fernando Collares,Wybe Nieuwland,Cees van der Vleuten,René A. Tio 한국의학교육학회 2019 Korean journal of medical education Vol.31 No.3

Purpose: Assessment in different languages should measure the same construct. However, item characteristics, such as item flaws and content, may favor one test-taker group over another. This is known as item bias. Although some studies have focused on item bias, little is known about item bias and its association with items characteristics. Therefore, this study investigated the association between item characteristics and bias. Methods: The University of Groningen offers both an international and a national bachelor’s program in medicine. Students in both programs take the same progress test, but the international progress test is literally translated into English from the Dutch version. Differential item functioning was calculated to analyze item bias in four subsequent progress tests. Items were also classified by their categories, number of alternatives, item flaw, item length, and whether it was a case-based question. Results: The proportion of items with bias ranged from 34% to 36% for the various tests. The number of items and the size of their bias was very similar in both programmes. We have identified that the more complex items with more alternatives favored the national students, whereas shorter items and fewer alternatives favored the international students. Conclusion: Although nearly 35% of all items contain bias, the distribution and the size of the bias were similar for both groups. The findings of this paper may be used to improve the writing process of the items, by avoiding some characteristics that may benefit one group whilst being a disadvantage for others.

In-plane response of masonry infilled RC framed structures: A probabilistic macromodeling approach

Dario De Domenico,Giovanni Falsone,Rossella Laudani 국제구조공학회 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.68 No.4

In this paper, masonry infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames are analyzed through a probabilistic approach. A macro-modeling technique, based on an equivalent diagonal pin-jointed strut, has been resorted to for modelling the stiffening contribution of the masonry panels. Since it is quite difficult to decide which mechanical characteristics to assume for the diagonal struts in such simplified model, the strut width is here considered as a random variable, whose stochastic characterization stems from a wide set of empirical expressions proposed in the literature. The stochastic analysis of the masonry infilled RC frame is conducted via the Probabilistic Transformation Method by employing a set of space transformation laws of random vectors to determine the probability density function (PDF) of the system response in a direct manner. The knowledge of the PDF of a set of response indicators, including displacements, bending moments, shear forces, interstory drifts, opens an interesting discussion about the influence of the uncertainty of the masonry infills and the resulting implications in a design process.

The use of particle density in sedimentary provenance studies: the superficial sediment of Po Plain (Italy) case study

Dario Di Giuseppe,Umberto Tessari,Barbara Faccini,Massimo Coltorti 한국지질과학협의회 2014 Geosciences Journal Vol.18 No.4

In recent years, several approaches for the identificationof the provenance of the sediments have been developed. Inparticular, geochemical, petrographic and mineralogical analyseswere applied to the sediments of the Po Plain in order to discriminatethe alluvial sediments of the Po River from those comingfrom Apennine rivers. In this work, we propose an innovativetechnique based on the measurement of density for the study ofthe Po Plain alluvial sediments. This study is based on the determinationof major and trace elements, particle density and mineralogicalcomposition of 53 superficial sediments. All the data wereprocessed using multivariate statistics. The comparison betweendensity, geochemistry, and granulometry of the Po River and RenoRiver (the most important Apennine river) samples shows how thedensities strictly depend on the chemical-mineralogical compositionand grain size of the sediments and, consequently, on the type ofhydrographic basin of their respective river. On this basis it can bediscriminated the provenance of two different types of alluvial sedimentswith sufficient precision, determining the density of theunconsolidated alluvial material.

Supporting Context-Aware Applications for Eldercare

Dario Bottazzi,Tarik Taleb,Mohsen Guizani,Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid 한국통신학회 2011 Journal of communications and networks Vol.13 No.2

Extended life expectancy and a decrease in fertility rates are dramatically increasing the number of seniors who will eventually need professional care assistance. Although there is no clear technical solution to this problem, recent advances in ubiquitous computing offer opportunities to assist elders in their residence,thus reducing the need for professional assistance in special facilities. There have been several studies, but current solutions tend to address specific issues and cannot be easily extended, updated, and customized to meet the complex and evolving requirements of eldercare assistance. This study aims to bridge this gap, and this paper presents a context-management framework, called awareness for pervasive environments (APE), that provides easily customizable support for the development of ubiquitous eldercare services and applications.

Modern Housing Complexes in South Korea. An Educational Analysis to Evaluate the Typological Evolution and Urban Adaptations

( Dario Pedrabissi ) 한국실천공학교육학회 2017 실천공학교육논문지 Vol.9 No.1

The contemporary South Korean landscape is characterised by a massive display of modern apartment buildings. They are omnipresent in their monotonous manifestation and represent the dream of the Korean population. Serial mass housing is a typology that has had a great diffusion all over the world, but how has modern housing developed in South Korea? To this end, what are the resulting local adaptations?. This paper retraces these key evolutional aspects. Methodologically, it draws on a scholarly literature review as well as on-site photographic surveys, developed in connection with an educational program at the Korea Tech University. The result is the analysis of both the urban and architectural transformation from the early modernisation period to the present condition of contemporary housing. A historical background introduces Korean traditional urban houses, to be used as a context to describe the contemporary modern city that has developed since the 1960s. The main emphasis is then placed on the urbanisation process that fully matured during the 1980s together with a focus on the mass housing typology as the main pivot in the urban transformation. Finally, the paper will draw a parallel between modern Western theories and Korean applications.

CARACOL

Dario, Ruben,강정아 한국외국어대학교 학생통역협회 1997 외대통역협회지 Vol.14 No.1

Endoscopy in the Gastrointestinal Tract : Perspectives of Autonomous Mini Rovots

Dario, Paolo,Menciassi, Arianna The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2002 전기의 세계 Vol.51 No.5

Probability-based structural response of steel beams and frames with uncertain semi-rigid connections

Dario De Domenico,Giovanni Falsone,Rossella Laudani 국제구조공학회 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.67 No.5

Within a probabilistic framework, this paper addresses the determination of the static structural response of beams and frames with partially restrained (semi-rigid) connections. The flexibility of the nodal connections is incorporated via an idealized linear-elastic behavior of the beam constraints through the use of rotational springs, which are here considered uncertain for taking into account the largely scattered results observed in experimental findings. The analysis is conducted via the Probabilistic Transformation Method, by modelling the spring stiffness terms (or equivalently, the fixity factors of the beam) as uniformly distributed random variables. The limit values of the Eurocode 3 fixity factors for steel semi-rigid connections are assumed. The exact probability density function of a few indicators of the structural response is derived and discussed in order to identify to what extent the uncertainty of the beam constraints affects the resulting beam response. Some design considerations arise which point out the paramount importance of probability-based approaches whenever a comprehensive experimental background regarding the stiffness of the beam connection is lacking, for example in steel frames with semi-rigid connections or in precast reinforced concrete framed structures. Indeed, it is demonstrated that resorting to deterministic approaches may lead to misleading (and in some cases non-conservative) outcomes from a design viewpoint.

A stress field approach for the shear capacity of RC beams with stirrups

Dario De Domenico,Giuseppe Ricciardi 국제구조공학회 2020 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.73 No.5

This paper presents a stress field approach for the shear capacity of stirrup-reinforced concrete beams that explicitly incorporates the contribution of principal tensile stresses in concrete. This formulation represents an extension of the variable strut inclination method adopted in the Eurocode 2. In this model, the stress fields in web concrete consist of principal compressive stresses inclined at an angle combined with principal tensile stresses oriented along a direction orthogonal to the former (the latter being typically neglected in other formulations). Three different failure mechanisms are identified, from which the strut inclination angle and the corresponding shear strength are determined through equilibrium principles and the static theorem of limit analysis, similar to the EC-2 approach. It is demonstrated that incorporating the contribution of principal tensile stresses of concrete slightly increases the ultimate inclination angle of the compression struts as well as the shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams. The proposed stress field approach improves the prediction of the shear strength in comparison with the Eurocode 2 model, in terms of both accuracy (mean) and precision (CoV), as demonstrated by a broad comparison with more than 200 published experimental results from the literature.