Analysis of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and In Vitro Methane Mitigation Activities of Fermented Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Extract

Tabita Dameria Marbun,Jaeyong Song,Kihwan Lee,Su Yeon Kim,Juhui Kang,Sang Moo Lee,Young Min Choi,Sangbuem Cho,Guiseck Bae,Moon Baek Chang,Eun Joong Kim 한국유기농업학회 2016 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.24 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial, antioxidant, and in vitro greenhouse gas mitigation activities of fermented Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract. Seven starter cultures were used, comprising four of lactic acid bacteria and three of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ten grams of S. baicalensis Georgi powder was diluted in 90 mL autoclaved MRS broth. Each seed culture was inoculated with 3-10% (v/v) S. baicalensis Georgi MRS broth and incubated at 30℃ for 48 h. Among the starter cultures used, only Lactobacillus plantarum EJ43 could withstand the fermentation conditions. This fermentation broth was dried and extracted with ethanol to assess its antibacterial, antioxidant, and in vitro methane mitigation activities. The extract of S. baicalensis Georgi fermented by L. plantarum EJ43 (SBLp) showed higher antibacterial activity (bigger clear zone) compared to the unfermented S. baicalensis Georgi extract (SB0). SBLp also presented 1.2 folds higher antioxidant activity than SB0. During in vitro rumen fermentation, SBLp showed reduction in methane production compared to SB0 or the control. In conclusion, fermentation by L. plantarum EJ43 may enhance antibacterial and antioxidant activities of S. baicalensis Georgi and decrease enteric methane production.

Efficacy of Lactate-Utilizing Bacteria Isolated from the Rumen in Alleviating Subacute Ruminal Acidosis In Vitro

Tabita Dameria Marbun,김경진,박진현,김창현,배귀석,장문백,문병흠,윤두학,이상무,김은중 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2021 농업생명과학연구 Vol.55 No.3

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of rumen origin lactate-utilizing bacteria (LUB) as one of the potential treatments on subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) during in vitro challenge compared to buffering agents (NaHCO3, sea minerals, MgO) and direct-fed microorganism (yeast). We hypothesized that rumen LUB (RLUB) could be a potential treatment to treat ruminal acidosis. The supplementation level of other treatments was determined by referring to previous studies in the literature. The 108 CFU/g freeze-dried RLUB isolated from Hanwoo cattle were compared with 0.1% NaHCO3, 0.8% of MgO, 0.5% sea mineral and 0.4% yeast during in vitro SARA challenge. Rumen fluid collected from one cannulated Holstein and one Hanwoo steer fed by maize silage was mixed with 0.5g feed consisted of 0.05g forage and 0.45g concentrate. These mixtures were incubated in triplication for 3, 6, 12 and 24h. After 6h of incubation, along with MgO and sea minerals, RLUB treatment showed higher (p<0.05) ㏗ values than control with no significant differences in total volatile fatty acid concentration. However, in the same period, the propionate concentration and A:P ratio were higher in RLUB than in the other treatment (p<0.05), which might alter the fermentation pattern. On the other hand, the RLUB treatment produced a higher (p<0.05) ammonia-N concentration. Based on these results, we can conclude that RLUB might have the potential to alleviate SARA. Nonetheless, further study on its mechanism in SARA is required, especially with live animals.

Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Storage Temperature and Period on Fermentation Characteristics, and in vitro Ruminal Digestibility of a Total Mixed Ration

김수연,Tabita Dameria Marbun,이기완,송재용,강정선,이찬호,윤두학,권찬호,김은중 한국초지조사료학회 2022 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.42 No.4

This study evaluated the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB, a mixture of Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus plantarum) supplementation, the storage temperature, and storage period on the fermentation characteristics and in vitro ruminal digestibility of a total mixed ration (TMR). The TMR was prepared into two groups, namely, CON (control TMR without the LAB) and ML (supplementing a mixture of E. faecium and L. plantarum in the ratio of 1% and 2% (v/w), respectively). Both groups were divided and stored at 4°C or 25°C for 3, 7, and 14 d fermentation periods. Supplementing LAB to the TMR did not affect the chemical composition of TMR except for the lactate and acetate concentration. Storage temperatures affected (p<0.05) the chemical composition of the TMR, including pH, lactate, and acetate contents. The chemical composition of TMR was also affected (p<0.05) by the storage period. During in vitro rumen fermentation study, the ML treatment showed lower (p<0.05) dry matter digestibility at 24 h incubation with a higher pH compared to the CON. There was no difference in the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of TMR between the CON and ML treatment however, at 24 h, ML treatment showed lower (p<0.05) IVDMD with a higher pH compared to the CON. The effects of storage temperature and period on IVDMD were not apparent at 24 h incubation. In an in vivo study using Holstein steers, supplementing LAB to the basal TMR for 60 d did not differ in the final body weight and average daily gain. Likewise, the fecal microbiota did not differ between CON and ML. However, the TMR used for the present study did include a commercial yeast in CON, whereas ML did not; therefore, results were, to some extent, compromised in examining the effect of LAB. In conclusion, storage temperature and period significantly affected the TMR quality, increasing acetate and lactate concentration. However, the actual effects of LAB supplementation were equivocal.

Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria Treatment on Nutritive Value and In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) Silage

Lee, Kihwan,Marbun, Tabita Dameria,Kim, Suyeon,Song, Jaeyong,Kwon, Chan Ho,Yoon, Duhak,Kang, Jungsun,Lee, Chanho,Cho, Sangbuem,Kim, Eun Joong The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 2020 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.40 No.3

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculation to domestically-cultivated Italian ryegrass (IRG) on silage fermentation and in vitro ruminal fermentation. There were six treatments based on the LAB inoculants: 1) no addition of LAB (negative control: NC), additions of 2) commercially-available LAB (positive control: PC), 3) Lactobacillus plantarum (LPL), 4) L. paracasei (LPA), 5) L. acidophilus (LA), and 6) L. pentosus (LPT). All treatments were inoculated at a concentration of 10⁶ CFU/g and ensiled for 3, 7, 21, and 42 days in triplicate and analyzed for nutritive values when ensiling was terminated. Day 42 silage from all treatments were also examined for in vitro ruminal fermentation. After 42 days, LAB-inoculated silages had higher (P<0.05) lactic acid concentration compared to the NC. In terms of nutritive values, the silages treated with LPA, LA, and LPT showed higher (P<0.05) crude protein and lower (P<0.05) neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content compared to the rest of the treatment. In vitro ruminal dry matter degradability was not affected by LAB addition. However, LAB-treated IRG had shown higher (P<0.05) ammonia-N compared with that of the NC. LPA had shown the highest (P<0.05) volatile fatty acid concentration among the LAB examined. In conclusion, the addition of a single strain of LAB appeared to produce a quality IRG silage compared with the NC and the PC. Among the strains examined, LPA seemed to be superior to the others.

Effect of Intercropped Corn and Soybean Silage on Nutritive Values, in vitro Ruminal Fermentation, and Milk Production of Holstein Dairy Cows

Kang, Juhui,Song, Jaeyong,Marbun, Tabita Dameria,Kwon, Chan Ho,Kim, Eun Joong The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 2017 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.37 No.3

This study was conducted to examine the effect of corn (Zea mays L.) - soybean (Glycine max L.) silage prepared by intercropping method on the nutritive value of the silage, in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, dry matter degradability, as well as milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows. In a couple of experiments intercropped corn-soybean silage (CSBS) was compared with corn silage (CS) and/or Italian ryegrass hay (IRG). Numerically, CSBS had higher crude protein, ether extract, and lactic acid contents compared to CS. In vitro rumen fermentation analysis demonstrated that up to a 24-h incubation period, both CS and CSBS showed higher total gas production, ammonia N concentration, and dry matter degradability compared to IRG (p<0.05). The investigation on animals was conducted in a commercial dairy farm located in Gyeongju, South Korea, employing 42 Holstein cows that were divided into 2 group treatments: CS and CSBS in a completely randomized design. Although no significant difference was observed in milk yield, animals fed on CSBS showed significantly higher milk protein (p<0.05) and milk fat content (p<0.01), compared to animals fed on CS. Taken together, our findings indicate that corn-soybean silage that is cultivated, harvested, and prepared through intercropping can improve the protein content of the silage, and can also enhance in vitro rumen fermentation, dry matter degradability, and performance of dairy cattle.

폭기 처리 시 유용 미생물 첨가에 의한 액상 돈분뇨의 화학적 특성 변화

김경진 ( Gyeongjin Kim ),박창석 ( Chang Seok Park ),( Tabita Dameria Marbun ),윤주태 ( Ju Tae Yun ),최성호 ( Seongho Choi ),김은중 ( Eun Joong Kim ) 한국축산학회 2021 동물자원연구 Vol.32 No.4

본 실험은 유용 미생물 첨가가 액상 돈분뇨의 화학적 성분 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 실험에 이용된 유용 미생물들은 Bacillus subtilis(1.3×10⁹ CFU/ml, Enterococcus faecium(1.9×10¹⁰CFU/ml), Aspergillus oryzae(2.0×10⁹CFU/ml), Saccharomyces cerevisiae(6.4×10⁹CFU/ml), Rhodobacter sphaeroides(1.2×10⁸ CFU/ml), Streptomyces griseus(6.2×10⁸CFU/ml)를 혼합하여 사용하였다. 실험구는 미생물 균주 처리량에 따라 대조구(미생물 균주 무첨가), Treatment 1(T1; 미생물 균주 10⁹CFU/ml), Treatment 2(T2; 미생물 균주 10⁷CFU/ml)로 3개의 실험구로 구성되었으며 미생물 균주는 3.5일 간격으로 20ml씩 주입하였고 매일 15분씩 6회 폭기 처리하였다. 각 실험구별 액상 돈분뇨는 7주차까지 폭기 처리하였으며 2, 4, 6, 7주차마다 10ml의 시료를 채취하여 pH, ammonia-N, VFA, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, BOD, COD를 분석하였다. Ammonia-N은 액상 돈분뇨와 비교하여 T1과 T2에서 각각 36%와 30%까지 감소하였으며 대조구(23%)보다 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 소량으로도 악취를 유발하는 butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, iso-valerate, caproate는 T1구에서 4주부터 검출되지 않았다. BOD와 COD는 T1에서 각각 96%와 58%로 크게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 따라서 악취 유발 물질인 ammonia-N, VFA, BOD, COD가 T1과 T2에서 대조구보다 유의적으로 감소한 점으로 보아 본 연구에서 이용한 유용 미생물 첨가는 액상 돈분뇨의 부숙과 악취 저감에 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 결과는, 지방자치단체의 농업기술센터에서 배양하여 양축가에 보급하는 유용 미생물의 추가적인 효과를 증명하고 미생물의 응용 범위를 확대할 수 있음을 시사하는 것으로 또한 판단된다. A laboratory-scale experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementing commonly used effective microorganisms on the chemical properties of swine liquid manure. Effective microorganisms used in this study were Bacillus subtilis (1.3×10⁹ colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml), Enterococcus faecium (1.9×10¹⁰ CFU/ml), Aspergillus oryzae (2.0×10⁹ CFU/ml), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (6.4×10⁹ CFU/ml), Rhodobacter sphaeroides (1.2×10⁸ CFU/ml), and Streptomyces griseus (6.2×10⁸ CFU/ml). Swine liquid manure collected and decanted from a swine farm was used in this study. Treatments included control (distilled water supplementation), Treatment 1 (T1) (mixed microbes, 10⁹ CFU/ml), and Treatment 2 (T2) (mixed microbes, 10⁷ CFU/ml). Microbial mix was supplemented every 3.5 days and aerated six times (15 min each) a day to facilitate compositing. Ten ml of sample was collected at 2-, 4-, 6-, and 7-week intervals for the measurement of pH, ammonia-N, volatile fatty acid (VFA), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium. At seven weeks, samples were further collected to analyze biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Ammonia-N was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in T1 and T2 by 36% and 30%, respectively, compared with control (23%). VFAs including butyrate, iso-butyrate, valerate, iso-valerate, and caproate were not detected in T1 from the four-week aerated sample. The BOD and COD were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in T1 by 96% and 58%, respectively. In conclusion, ammonia-N, VFA, BOD, and COD, known as odor indicators, were decreased in T1 and T2 compared with control, suggesting that effective microorganisms are useful for compositing swine liquid manure.