Prevention of Prostate Cancer with Vitamins - Current Perspectives

Garg, Manish,Dalela, Divakar,Goel, Apul,Kumar, Manoj,Sankhwar, Satya Narayan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.5

Cancer prostate is the most common solid malignancy in males of developed countries. With increasing knowledge of the aetiology, pathogenesis and natural history of the disease, influences of dietary factors on prostate cancer development have become more evident. There is ample evidence in the literature of significance of dietary constituents for prostate cancer including vitamins A, D and E. Different vitamins have been found to effect the growth and proliferation of prostate cancer cells as evident in epidemiological, experimental and clinical studies. Various factors play the major role in determining the relationship between these vitamins and prostate cancer in terms of environmental, pharmacological, or genetic aspects. To explore these aspects, the present article reviews the literature on the present status of vitamin use for prevention and management of prostate cancer.

Plasma Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors A and C in Patients undergoing Prostatic Biopsy and TURP for Suspected Prostatic Neoplasia

Singh, A.N.,Gautam, Kirti A.,Dalela, D.,Sankhwar, S.N.,Natu, S.M.,Sankhwar, P.L.,Srivastava, A.N. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.3

Background: Formation of new blood vessels is necessary for the development and spread of neoplasms more than 1 mm3 in volume, angiogenesis being responsible for formation of new from pre-existing blood vessels. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is pivotal and the best studied angiogenic factor in all human cancers. Therefore we designed this study to investigate the role of VEGF-A and VEGF-C in prostate cancer in comparison with BPH controls in a north Indian population. Methods: In this case-control study a total of 100 subjects were included on the basis of confirmed histopathological reports, out of which 50 were prostate cancer patients and the other 50 were BPH patients with PSA levels >2 ng/ml and abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) findings during September 2009 to August 2011 from the Department of Urology, KGMU, Lucknow, India. Plasma levels of VEGF were determined using quantitative immunoassay (ELISA-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 15.0 version. Results: The mean age of prostate cancer ($67.6{\pm}5.72$) patients was significantly higher (p=0.005) than BPH ($63.6{\pm}7.92$) patients. Expression of VEGF-A was not significantly higher in disease stage C1 than D1 or D2 and A or B (p=0.13) while the level of VEGF-A was significantly higher (p=0.04) in prostate cancer as compared to BPH subjects (PCa=13.0 pg/ml, BPH=6.8 pg/ml). Levels of VEGF-C were similar in both groups (PCa=832.6 pg/ml, BPH=823.7 pg/ml). In ROC curve, the area under curve (AUC) was 0.70 (95%CI: 0.60-0.80) and the cut-off value for which a higher proportion of patients was correctly classified (20%) was 26.0 pg/mL. Conclusion: Although VEGF-A is increased in cancer prostate patients a statistically significant correlation could not be established in this study. VEGF-C was not found to be a useful biomarker.

Significant Association of Metabolic Indices, Lipid Profile, and Androgen Levels with Prostate Cancer

Tewari, Reshu,Chhabra, Mohini,Natu, Shankar Madhavan,Goel, Apul,Dalela, Divakar,Goel, Madhu Mati,Rajender, Singh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.22

Objectives: To compare the metabolic indices, lipid profile, androgens, and prostate specific antigen between prostate cancer and BPH and between grades of prostate cancer in a cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: The study enrolled 95 cases of prostate cancer and 95 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Prostate gland volume was measured using transrectal ultrasound. We compared insulin, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, prostate specific antigen levels and lipid profile between prostate cancer of different grades and BPH. Further, prostate cancer patients were classified into low grade and high grade. Unpaired t-test for normally distributed variables and Man-Whitney U test for non-normal variables were used to assess differences. Results: We found that prostate cancer patients had significantly higher levels of insulin, testosterone, PSA, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in comparison to their BPH counterparts. Higher levels of these parameters also correlated with a higher grade of the disease. Conclusions: We conclude that higher levels of insulin, testosterone, PSA, and cholesterol correlate with a higher risk of prostate cancer, and also with a higher grade of the disease.

Investigation of local geometrical structure, electronic state and magnetic properties of PLD grown Ni doped SnO₂ thin films

Sharma, Mayuri,Naji Aljawfi, Rezq,Kumari, Kavita,Chae, K.H.,Dalela, S.,Gautam, S.,Alvi, P.A.,Kumar, Shalendra Elsevier 2019 Journal of electron spectroscopy and related pheno Vol.232 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We have investigated the ferromagnetic behavior, electronic states and local geometrical structure of Ni (2 and 10 at %) doped SnO<SUB>2</SUB> thin films. The films were successfully fabricated with the help of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique on Si (100) substrate under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) condition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed the single phase character of SnO<SUB>2</SUB> rutile lattice structure with P4<SUB>2</SUB>/mnm space group. The inclusion of Ni ions into SnO<SUB>2</SUB> matrix induced oxygen vacancy (Vo), enhanced the distortion in octahedral local symmetry and reduced the oxidation state of the host Sn<SUP>4+</SUP> (SnO<SUB>2</SUB>) to Sn<SUP>3+</SUP> (Sn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>), these details have been estimated by Raman scattering, Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra at Ni L<SUB>3,2</SUB> and O K edges. Further quantitative details on the local geometrical structure around Ni ions were obtained via fitting the experimental Fourier transforms EXAFS spectra |X(R)| with FEFF6 code. The magnetization measurements performed at room temperature (RT) infers that Ni doped SnO<SUB>2</SUB> films displayed ferromagnetic (FM) signal, and there was no significant difference in the saturation moments even with increase in the Ni content. Hence, the similarity in the observed magnetic behavior of the films seems relevant to the same crystal growth condition (UHV) and might not be limited directly to the Ni dopant concentrations. The FM signal and the role of surface defects have been discussed in the light of spin-split impurity band percolation mechanism.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ni doped SnO<SUB>2</SUB> thin films were deposited on Si substrate (001) by PLD technique. </LI> <LI> NEXAFS at Ni L<SUB>3,2</SUB> edges confirmed that the Ni ions exist in high spin divalent ground state. </LI> <LI> The UHV assisted growth condition created a favorable condition for oxygen non-stoichiometry. </LI> <LI> A significant modification have be observed in the surface morphology. </LI> <LI> Magnetic behavior seems to be more relevant to the formation of VO<SUP>2+</SUP> at the surfaces. </LI> </UL> </P>

Diagnostic Role of Survivin in Urinary Bladder Cancer

Srivastava, Anupam Kumar,Singh, Pankaj Kumar,Srivastava, Kirti,Singh, Dhramveer,Dalela, Divakar,Rath, Srikanta Kumar,Goel, Madhu Mati,Bhatt, Madan Lal Brahma Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.1

Background: Early diagnosis of carcinoma of bladder remains a challenge. Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family, is frequently activated in bladder carcinoma. The objective of this study was to investigate urinary survivin as a marker for diagnosis of urinary bladder. Materials and Methods: We examined urinary survivin concentration in 28 healthy individuals, 46 positive controls and 117 cases of histologically proven TCC prior to transurethral resection, using ELISA, and compared values with findings for urinary cytology. Results: Survivin was found to be significantly higher in the cancer group (P<0.05). A cut off value of 17.7 pg/ml was proposed, with an approximate sensitivity of 82.9% and specificity of 81.1% (P<0.0001), whereas urine cytology had a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 96.0%. Conclusions: Urinary survivin can be used as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for TCC bladder, both for primary and recurrent disease.

Investigation of local atomic structure of Ni doped SnO2 thin films via X-ray absorption spectroscopy and their magnetic properties

Sharma, Mayuri,Aljawfi, Rezq Naji,Kumari, Kavita,Chae, K. H.,Gautam, S.,Dalela, S.,Alvi, P. A.,Kumar, Shalendra Springer-Verlag 2019 Journal of materials science Materials in electron Vol.30 No.1

Effects of rapid thermal annealing on the local environment, electronic structure and magnetic properties of Mn doped TiO₂ thin films

Aljawfi, Rezq Naji,Vij, Ankush,Chae, K.H,Dalela, S.,Alvi, P.A.,AL-Maghrabi, M.A.,Kumar, Shalendra Elsevier 2018 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.445 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this report, nanostructure thin films of Ti<SUB>0.97</SUB> Mn<SUB>0.03</SUB> O<SUB>2−δ</SUB> were deposited on Si (001) substrate by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique, followed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) in different ambient gases; O<SUB>2</SUB>, N<SUB>2</SUB> and Ar. The RTA treatment dramatically affected the surface defects, local environment, electronic structure and magnetic properties of the films, where, annealing of the film in O<SUB>2</SUB> gas recovered the dislocated atoms of oxygen vacancy (Vo) at the surfaces and induced a diamagnetic phase, whereas the annealing of film in N<SUB>2</SUB> gas introduced Vo, reduced the valence state of Ti<SUP>4+</SUP> (TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) into Ti<SUP>3+</SUP> (Ti<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>) and induced ferromagnetic (FM) signal. Therefore, the change in the local atomic defects of Vo at the surface texture is likely to be responsible for the magnetic response. The presence of oxygen vacancy has been traced by means of Raman scattering and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy measurements. The NEXAFS spectra were carried out in synchrotron facility at Ti/Mn <I>L</I> <SUB>3,2</SUB> and O-<I>K</I> edges. The spectral feature at Ti <I>L</I> <SUB>3,2</SUB> edges revealed the rutile phase of TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. The asymmetry of <I>t</I> <SUB>2</SUB> <I> <SUB>g</SUB> </I> and <I>e<SUB>g</SUB> </I> bands at the O-<I>K</I> edge confirmed the formation of Vo and reflected the modification in the O co-ordination around Ti<SUP>4+</SUP>cations. The Mn <I>L</I> <SUB>3,2</SUB> edges revealed the incorporation of Mn ions in the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> network with Mn<SUP>2+</SUP> and Mn<SUP>3+</SUP> mixed valence states. This different valance states (Mn<SUP>2+</SUP> and Mn<SUP>3+</SUP>) is the basis for the ferromagnetism induced by Stoner spin-splitting of the local density of defects state at Fermi level (E<SUB>F</SUB>). The change in the magnetic moment of the films after RTA process is related to the change in the local density of defects band. Crystal field and charge transfer parameters were extracted roughly by using atomic multiplet calculations (theory).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ti<SUB>0.93</SUB>Mn<SUB>0.03</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> thin films were deposited on Si substrate (001) by PLD technique. </LI> <LI> The films have been treated via rapid thermal annealing (RTA) in Ar, N<SUB>2</SUB> and O<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> <LI> A significant modification is induced by RTA in different ambient gas. </LI> <LI> RTA in O<SUB>2</SUB> decreases the oxygen vacancy (Vo) and optimizes the crystal structure. </LI> <LI> N<SUB>2</SUB> induces the Vo and reduces the valance state of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> (Ti<SUP>4+</SUP>) to be Ti<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> (Ti<SUP>3+</SUP>). </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

SRD5A2 Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia but not Prostate Cancer

Choubey, Vimal Kumar,Sankhwar, Satya Narayan,Carlus, S. Justin,Singh, Anand Narayan,Dalela, Divakar,Thangaraj, Kumarasamy,Rajender, Singh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.3

Background: Testosterone, a primary androgen in males, is converted into its most active form, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), by $5{\alpha}$-reductase type 2 (encoded by the SRD5A2 gene) in the prostate. DHT is necessary for prostatic growth and has five times higher binding affinity than testosterone for androgen receptors. We hypothesized that polymorphic variations in the SRD5A2 gene may affect the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: We analyzed SRD5A2 gene polymorphisms in 217 BPH patients, 192 PCa cases, and 171 controls. Genotyping was undertaken using direct DNA sequencing. Genotype data were compared between cases and controls using a Chi square statistical tool. Results: We found that the A49T locus was monomorphic with 'AA' genotype in all subjects. At V89L locus, the presence of 'VV' showed a marginally significant correlation with increased BPH risk (p=0.047). At the $(TA)_n$ locus, longer TA repeats were found to be protective against BPH (p=0.003). However, neither of these polymoprhisms correlated with the risk of PCa. Conclusions: We conclude that A49T is monomorphic in the study population, VV marginally correlates with BPH risk, and longer $(TA)_n$ repeats are protective against BPH. None of these polymorphisms affect the risk of PCa.