GIS를 이용한 농가경영특성 분석

閔大泓,李昌洙,朴承基 公州大學校 産業開發硏究所 1996 産業開發硏究 Vol.4 No.-

Farm management character of Sungbuk Dong which was natural farm area was analysed by GIS system. The topography and cadastrel were analysed by lot number from GIS. This study will provide basic elements for large scaling and gathering of farm land and this new information from the study will give great efficiency to exchange or mergence of farm land. This study will create general index number from soil, geological features, irrigation facilities, distance between farm land and farmhouse. it will expected that, a lot of things from this analysis will be a very important information when some arguments take place from new a boundary of land or expense after readjustment of arable land.

정신분열병 환자에서 Risperidone에 의한 Cytokine의 변화

김대진,김원,윤수정,고효진,최보문,전태연 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.4

기존의 항정신병약뮬인 haloperidol이나 clozapine과는 약물학적 특성이 다른 대표적인 약물인 risperidone을 사용하여 정신분열병 환자가 치료 전과 4주 치료 후에 어떤 면역학적 차이를 보이는지 6가지 cytokine의 혈장 농도를 측정하여 알아보았다. 방법: 1999년 2월부터 1999년 5월까지 카톨릭대학교 대전성모병원 정신과에 입원한 환자 중 DSM-IV 진단 기준에 의해 정신분열병으로 진단된 환자 25명을 대상으로 하였다. 입원 다음날 아침 8시 risperidone 투여전의 기본적인 cytokine농도를 측정하기 위해 혈액을 채취하였으며 제 2병일에 risperidone 2mg, 제 4병일에 4mg, 제 6병일에 6mg으로 증량하는 방식을 항정신병약물 치료를 하였다. 임상평가는 risperidone 투여 전과 투여 4주 후 정신과 전공의가 각각 PANSS 검사를 시행하였다. 혈장에서 IL-1β,IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, INF-□, TNF-α의 정량 측정은 ELISA kit (Endogen Inc., Woburn, MA, USA)을 사용하여 quantitative ELISA법으로 하였다. 결과: risperidone을 4주간 투여 후 환자 혈장 IL-12 농도가 유의하게 증가되었고 나머지 cytokine 농도는 유의한 변화가 없었다. 결론: 저자들은 연구에서 risperidone 치료 후 IL-12가 증가된 것은 이러한 항정신병약물치료가 면역반응 을 활성화시키는 역할을 한 것으로 시사된다. Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate immunologic difference between baseline and after 4 weeks drug treatment with atypical antipsychotics(rispreidone) by measurement of serum concentration of 6 cytokines. Methods: The subjets were composed of 25 patients who are admitted at Dajeon St's Marys hospital of psychiatry department and diagnosed as schizophrenia by DSM-IV diagnositc criteria. We measured serum IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, INF-□, TNF-α concenatrations by quantitative ELISA method using ELISA kit(Endogen In., Woburn, MA, USA). The two psyciatrists per-formed PANSS examination between baseline and after 4 weeks risperidone treatments. Results: The serum level of IL-12 was increased significantly after medication of 4 weeks and the serum concentration of IFN-□ showed the tendency of decreasement but not significant. The serum level of the other cytokines showed no significant change. Conclusion: We spectulate that the increasement of IL-12 may contribute to role of activa-tion of immune response by treatment of antipsychotic medication(risperidone). This study is first trial of IL-12 study in neuropsychiatric field and IL-12 which play impor-tant role of immune response becomes interesting subjects in immune research.

Risperidone 조기 중단군 및 장기 유지군의 임상적 특성 비교

김광수,박원명,전태연,배치운,김대진,백인호,이철,김정수,한상익,최보문,장계호,고효진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.3

연구목적 : Risperidone 투여후 조기 중단한 환자들과 장기적으로 계속 risperidone을 복용하고 있는 환자의 임상적 특성을 평가하고 나아가 risperidone장기 유지와 조기 중단의 요인을 분석하고 정신병리가 약물 투여에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 연구 대상자는 1996년 1월부터 1996년 12월까지 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 부속 8개 병원 정신과에서 risperidone을 투여 시작한 환자 580명중 DSM-IV기준에 의해 정신분열병으로 진단받고 투여 기간이 6개월 미만(조기 중단군)이거나 2년 이상(장기 유지군)을 경과하였으며 의무기록의 누락이 없는 210명을 선정하였다. 두 군간 임상적 특성을 조사하기 위하여 인구학적 변인, 정신병리학적 변인, 약물 투여기록 및 부작용 등을 과거 의무기록을 근거로 평가하였다. 결 과 : 대상환자 210명 중 조기 중단군이 67명(31.9%)이었고 장기 유지군은 143명(68.1%)이었으며 두 군간 인구학적 변인과 정신병리학적 변인에 따른 특징에는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 두 군간 risperidone의 시작 용량과 변인과 정신병리학적 변인에 따른 특징에는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 두 군간 risperidone의 시작 용량과 최대 용량은 유의한 차이가 없었으나 유지용량은 조기 중단군에서 4.49(±1.44)mg,장기 유지군에서 3.67(±1.50)mg으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(t=3.698, p<0.05). 또한, 이전 항정신병약물의 사용 기왕력 변인에서 조기 중단군은 기왕력이 없는 환자가 39명(58.2%), 고역가 항정신병약물을 사용한 기왕력이 있는 환자는 27명(40.3%), 저역가 항정신병약물을 사용한 기왕력이 있는 환자는 1명(1.5%)이었고, 장기 유지군은 기왕력이 없는 환자가 58명(40.6%), 고역가 항정신병약물을 사용한 기왕력이 있는 환자는 77명(53.8%), 저역가 항정신병약물을 사용한 기왕력이 있는 환자는 8명(5.6%)으로 유의한 차이가 있었다.(x²=6.559, df-=2, p<0.05). 결 론 : 본 연구결과에 의하면 가급적 환자 상태에 따라 낮은 최적 치료 용량을 투여하는 것이 장기잔의 투여를 바람직한 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구와 같은 대규모의 후향적 자연적 연구는 일반 실제 진료에서 risperidone의 효과 및 기타 다른 측면에서의 유용한 정보를 얻을 것으로 기대된다. Objective : This retrospective naturalistic study was designed to compare the clinical characteristics including psychopathology of two groups of patients, long-term maintenance group and short-term drop-out group, who were taking risperidone. Method : Datas were collected for 210 schizophrenic patients with complete medical records among 580 patients who were enrolled with risperidone administration from January 1996 to December 1996 in 8 affiliated hospital of the Catholic University. The short-term drop-out patients group were assigned to whom treatment period was less than 6 month, and the long-term maintained patients group, treatment period was more than 2 years. We assessed demographics, psychopathology, and other variables related with medication based on past medical records. Results : Among subjects of 210, short-term drop-out patients group were 67(31.9%) and long-term maintained patients group were 143(68.1%). Demographics and psychopathology were not significantly different between two groups. The stating and maximal dosage of risperidone was not significantly different between two groups but the maintenance dosage of risperidone was lower in long-term medicated patients group than short-term drop-out patients group(t=3.698, p<0.05). Additionally, the result of this study showed differences in experiences of past antipsychotic use as following. The number of no previous use of antipsychotic was 39(58.2%), the number of high potency amtipsychotic use was 27(40.3%), and the number of no previous use of antipsychotic was 58(40.6%), the number of high potency ntipsychotic use was 77(53.8%), the number of low potency antipsychotic use was8(5.6%) in long-term maintained group.(x²=6.559, df-=2, p<0.05). Conclusions : According to these results, administration of low therapeutic dosage should be recommended for long-term maintenance as if possible. Multi-center based retrospective naturalistic study like this would be useful for getting informations about efficacy and some other aspects of antipsychotic administration in practial field.

일부 시판세치제의 비교치아마모도 및 경과시간에 따른 유효불소농도변화에 관한 연구

장덕수,이병진,배광학,방금석,이원재,노정,백대일,김종배 대한구강보건학회 2003 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.27 No.3

The purpose of this study was to assess relative tooth abrasivity and to measure effective fluoride concentration of dentifrices selling in Korea for help consumer's selection of suitable dentifrice. Assessment of the abrasion on tooth produced by different dentifrices were carried out on bovine teeth in the laboratory and tested by radioactive dentin abrasion method. And total soluble fluoride concentrations within the dentifrices was determined using fluoride ion selective electrode with standard curve obtained from standard solutions of known fluoride concentration. 10 dentifrice samples were stored at 49t for 15 weeks and the measurements were made for each dentifrice in 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 13 weeks and 15 weeks and 11 dentifrice samples were stored at 40.6C for 3 weeks and the measurements were made for each dentifrice in 1 week and 3 weeks. Tooth abrasivity of selling dentifrices is suitable for toothbrushing but dentifrice which recommended for patient who have tooth abrasion or erosion was somewhat high abrasivity level. Effective fluoride concentrations of selling dentifrices were maintained generally optimal level. But some dentifrices contaning CaCO_(3), as abrasive were decreased as time elapsed. It was suggested that relative tooth abrasivity must be marked on package and fluoride level should be maintained acceptable level in dentifrices for consumer's selection of suitable dentifrice.

Hofmann 전이 반응을 이용한 N-(L-Aspartyl)-1,1-Diaminoethane의 합성

정대일,이용균,정일수,김윤영,김선영,박민수 東亞大學校 1998 東亞論叢 Vol.35 No.-

Some retroisomeric peptide showed an agonistic or antagonistic effect of the parent peptides. So the studies on their synthesis and their structure-activity relationship are currently being investigated. In general, the synthesis of the retroisomeric peptide required N,N'-diacylated gem-diamino compound as an important synthetic intermediate, in which those diacylated group could be removed selectively in different condition. In connection with the development of facile synthetic method for retroisomeric peptide, we tried the synthesis of N-benzoyl-1. l-diaminoethane, intermediate of 1, 1-diaminoethane based Sweetener, from N-benzoyl alanine aimde 28 using improved Hofmann rearrangement as a key step. In this procedure, the N-benzoyl-N'-Cbz-1,1-diaminoethane 29 could be prepared in high yield without any bypreducts. And also this compound was converted to N-benzoyl-1, 1-diaminoethane 30 by hydrogenolysis successfully. From the above result, this method thought to be very convenient synthetic method for these N-acyl-l, l-diamino typed compounds, a intermediate of retroisomeric peptides. And also β-benzyl aspartate, another intermediate of these sweetener, could be prepared from aspartic acid via dibenzylation and selective hydrolysis.

전수면박탈이 정상 성인남자의 인지기능에 미치는 효과

김수용,이성필,김대진,이흥표,고효진 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.2

연구목적 : 본 연구는 36시간 수면박탈 후, 수면박탈이 뇌의 인지기능에 미치는 영향력을 알아보고 또한 수면박탈로 인해 뇌의 어느 영역이 가장 큰 영향을 받는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 18명의 건강한 20대 남자를 대상으로 36시간 동안 수면 박탈을 시행하였으며, 수면박탈 전후에 Luria-Nebraska 신경심리 검사 및 K-WAIS의 산수와 숫자 외우기를 시행하였다. 결 과 : Luria-Nebraska 신경심리 검사상 주의지속력 및 촉각, 시각, 읽기, 쓰기, 산수 및 지적 과정에는 수면박탈의 영향력이 없었으나 운동, 리듬, 수용성 언어, 표현성 언어, 기억력, 복잡한 언어적 산술력은 수면박탈 후 저하되었다. 운동 기능은 속도지연이 많았으며, 복잡한 자의적 운동과 선택적 운동의 실패율이 높았다. 언어 수용력과 표현력의 저하는 주로 운반구 전측 기능과 관련된 논리적이고 문법적인 구조의 이해, 자발적 언어, 유창성, 문법적으로 정확한 단어의 구사의 문자의 정열에서 발생하였다. 또한 국제화 척도에서도 우반구 전두엽 및 측두엽 척도에서 실패율이 높았다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과는 수면박탈이 인지기능을 저하시키며, 특히 운반구 전측 영역이나 피질하 영역과 관련된 인지기능을 저하시킬 가능성이 높음을 시사한다. Objectives : This study carried out to evaluate the effect of acute sleep deprivation of 36 hours on cognitive functions, and investigate which region of brain would dysfunction by sleep deprivation. Methods : We carried out sleep deprivation in the 18 healthy and right handed males in their 20's. We also administered to them Luria- Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery and Calculation and Digit Span task of K-WAIS in order to examine cognitive functions before and after sleep deprivations. Results : There were no difference in freedom from distractability, tactile function, visual function, reading, writing, calculation, and intellectual process function. However, motor function, rhythm, receptive speech, expressive speech, memory, and complex verbal arithmetic function decreased after sleep deprivation. In motor function, delayed speed and high fail rate in complex forms of praxis and selectivity of motor acts were observed. In area of receptive speech and expressive speech, understanding of logical and grammatical structure, spontaneous speech, sequencing and filling in items which are grammatically accurate decreased. All these functions related with dysfunction in right hemisphere anterior region. Also in localization scales, the fail rates of right frontal dysfunction scale and right temporal dysfunction scale increased after deprivation. Conclusion : From these results, we suggest that sleep deprivation has negative effect on the cognitive functions. Especially, sleep deprivation might be associated with dysfunction of anterior region in right hemisphere or subcortical dysfunction.

C^(60)_(0)γ線으로 照射된 低密度폴리에틸렌에서 脫氣體試科와 非脫氣體試科의 트리이 現象의 比較硏究

金正洙,吳成基,田大守 弘益大學校 1987 弘大論叢 Vol.19 No.2

Low density polyethylene was irradiated respectively with 5, 15, 20, 50, 80[Mrad] by C^(60)_(0)γ ray. And the irradiated specimens remained at the air naturally for one year. And part of those specimen was again degassed at the Vacuum of 10^(-3)~10^(-4)[Torr] for 50,100[h], at 50℃ And we abserved comparatively the length of tree growth and the number of cumulative discharge at the constant voltage and temperature of 7.5[KV] and 20[°C] about those degassed and other non-degassed specimen. At the result there was not much difference of the breakdown time of tree length between degassed and non-degassed samples at 5, 15 and 20[Mrad], but the breakdown time of degassed samples became longer than the of non-degassed ones at 50. 80[Mrad]. And the number of cumulitive discharge pulsed became predominantly few at degassed samples. And this fact was intepreted that the gas in samples came out in degassing and the gas pressure of tree path became decreased and the bigining voltage of discharge became high due to the region of low pressure in Paschen's law and the occurrence frequency of partial discharge decreased. And we could be confirm that the result of experiment and the theory are wonderfully coincidend each other.

서울특별시 강남구민의 관급수불소농도조정의식에 관한 조사연구

공인수,문혁수,백대일,김종배 대한구강보건학회 2003 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.27 No.4

The purpose of this study was to obtain the information, for improvement of the support on water fluoridation in Korea. The author surveyed knowledge and awareness about water fluoridation of 3,378 people living in KangNam-Gu, Seoul. The people were selected by the technique of random sampling. Items of the questionnaire are as follows; the use of drinkable water, cookable water and the recognition of necessity to execute water fluoridation for the purpose of caries prevention, to prevent dental decay for dental health, to prevent dental decay for the reduction of health insurance expense and the recognition of the safety of water fluoridation and the possibility for the execution of water fluoridation. The obtained results are ; 1. There was some doubt about the safety of water fluoridation. As a result, only half of the people consider tap water as edible water and about 25% of the people consider tap water not suitable for drinking and cooking. 2. After reading an explanation about the concept, effect and the safety of water fluoridation the majority of the people approved the execution of it. 3. The people should be actively educated and promoted about the effectiveness and the significance of water fluoridation. Because they were not aware of water fluoridation for effective caries prevention as public oral health service even though they still tried to reduce the expenses of health insurance. 4. Despite of the necessity to support executing public health service such as water fluoridation, only 40% of the people recognized the fact that water fluoridation is safe. Therefore active education and promotion should be required for the safety of water fluoridation.

地域分析에 關한 硏究 : 禾谷洞을 中心으로

金大洙 건국대학교 행정대학원 1975 建國大學校 行政大學院 硏究論叢 Vol.3 No.-

방사선 조사가 폴리에틸렌의 광학적 성질에 미치는 영향

邊大鉉,李秀浣 弘益大學校 1981 弘大論叢 Vol.13 No.-

Thermoluminescence (TL) and thermally stimulated current (TSC) during warming have been found in previously oxidized polyethylene after γ-irradiation in air at room temperature. In high density polyethylene (HDPE), TL and TSC peaks appear at about 320K and 380K. It appears that the presence of crystallites is essential for an appearance of the 380K peak the carbonyl group also contributes to the 380K peak. It may be assumed that the 320 peak is originats from the vinyl radical unsaturation bond. From TSC measurements, the activation energy for 320K and 380K peaks are 0.86eV and 0.98eV, respectively. Ⅰ. 서론(Introduction) Ⅱ. 실험기구 및 방법(Experimental Apparatus and Measurements) Ⅲ. 실험결과 및 논의(Discusing of Results) Ⅳ. 결론(Conclusion) Thermoluminescence (TL) and thermally stimulated current (TSC) during warming have been found in previously oxidized polyethylene after γ-irradiation in air at room temperature. In high density polyethylene (HDPE), TL and TSC peaks appear at about 320K and 380K. It appears that the presence of crystallites is essential for an appearance of the 380K peak the carbonyl group also contributes to the 380K peak. It may be assumed that the 320 peak is originats from the vinyl radical unsaturation bond. From TSC measurements, the activation energy for 320K and 380K peaks are 0.86eV and 0.98eV, respectively.