Rural Tourism in Malaysia: Testing the Moderating Effects of Tourist Nationality and Past Experiences on Rural Destination

Dahlan Noornina 대한관광경영학회 2017 觀光硏究 Vol.32 No.5

One of the key initiatives in the 11th Malaysia Plan (2016-2020) is to ‘enhance inclusiveness towards an equitable society’ whereby ‘every Malaysian should be able to participate in and benefit from the country’s economic growth’. The focus is to empower and uplift the wellbeing of rural communities. To this end, rural tourism is encouraged. In the first half of 2016, the total income of 3, 800 registered rural tourism-based operators nationwide has increased by 9.5 per cent to more than MYR 17 million compared to the same period in 2015. These operators provide 5, 354 rooms to 87, 580 local and foreign tourists in 2016. This is indeed a great boost to the rural community. Nevertheless, rural tourism in Malaysia has yet to seize the nation’s tourism market potentials in which 31.8 million tourist arrivals and MYR 118 billion receipts are forecasted in 2017. This study applies the motivation model to investigate the travel behaviors and driving forces towards rural destinations in Malaysia. The results reveal that tourist nationality moderates travel behavior. However, the inverse is true for past experiences. Practical implications are provided to the Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board and industry practitioners to strategically promote rural tourism more effectively. In addition, this investigation helps the rural community practitioners to identify and capitalize on the attributes that influence tourist destination choice. Consequently, these practitioners will be able to develop their core competencies for sustainable economic growth.

EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL BY-PRODUCT DIETS ON CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF FOUR TYPES OF CATTLE IN THE FEEDLOT

Dahlan, I.,Rahman-Haron, A.,Sukri, M.H.I. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1992 Animal Bioscience Vol.5 No.3

Five type of formulated diet from agricultural by-products (ABP) were fed to four breedtype of cattle in feedlot. The ABP used are palm kernel cake (PKC), palm press fibre (PPF), palm oil mill effluent (POME), cocoa pod (COP), coffee pulp (COF) and pineapple waste (PAP). The formulated diets are PS (52% PKC, 15% PPF and 30% POME), PF (57% PKC, 20% PPF and 20% POME), PA (2% PKC and 55% PAP), CO (42% PKC and 55% COP) and CF (67% PKC and 30% COF) with 1% urea, 1% NaCl and 1% vitamins premix. The cattle breedtypes are Kedah-Kelantan (KK), Brahman-KK (BK), Hereford-KK (HK) and Sahiwal-Friesian (SF). The result showed that breedtype significantly affect all the carcass characteristic except dressing percentage. Each breedtype has it's specific carcass characteristics. HK cattle gave high marbling, BK has high % of carcass bone, KK has high % of carcass meat and low % of carcass fat (lean meat type) and SF has high % of carcass fat. Diet-type significantly affect the deposition of fat in the carcass. High moisture diets (PA and CO) produced significantly higher % carcass bone, the lowest % carcass fat and the highest % carcass meat (65.3%). PF, CF, PA and CO diets produced 63.4%, 59.9%, 55.3% and 54.1% carcass meat respectively.

ENERGY UTILIZATION MODELS OF CATTLE GRAZING IN OIL PALM PLANTATIONS II. VALIDATION OF MODELS

Dahlan, I.,Mahyuddin, M.D.,Yamada, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1995 Animal Bioscience Vol.8 No.1

This study showed that models of energy utilization(EU) developed for grazing cattle in oil palm plantations is valid as the simulated results shows an agreement with actual data of calves and cows body weight changes collected from Brahman x Kedah-Kelantan herd on Pengeli Timor Plantation. Simulation runs on EU models demonstrated that the growth pattern of male and female calves and the weight changes of cows are similar and showed slight variation from the actual data but with no significant difference (p > 0.05). Parameter values such as metabolizability (q), dry matter digestibility(DMD) of herbage and voluntary intake of grazing cattle (VIG) and faecal output/body weight ratio (F) of the animals which were collected from the field are essential in bearing the pattern of body weight changes of the calves and cows in relation to increase in time, physiological status and quality of herbage grazed by these animals in the production system. The EU models is suitable for determining the metabolizable energy requirements and to predict the production of grazing cattle according to quality of the feed on offer.

Characteristics and Cutability of Farmed Rusa Deer (Cervus timorensis) Carcasses for Marketing of Venison

Dahlan, I. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.5

Rusa deer are the only viable commercial tropical deer species for farming in the tropics because of their hardiness, adaptability and prolific characteristics. Twelve entire rusa stags were slaughtered according to halal procedure and used for carcass evaluation and cutability studies. Three carcass categories; large (46 to 55 kg), medium (36 to 45 kg) and small (25 to 35 kg) were developed for rusa stags. This study indicated that entire Moluccan rusa deer stags with mean live weight ranges from 50 to 80 kg and age groups of 15 to 29 months showed dressing percentage of 58 to 62%. Carcass conformation of rusa stags showed significantly (p<0.05) higher forequarters portion than hindquarters for medium (mean weight, 40.8 kg) and large (mean weight, 50.0 kg) carcass categories. The large carcass category was significantly (p<0.05) bigger in hindquarters portion (47.3% vs. 45.4%) than the medium carcass category. This study showed that medium and large carcass categories are more suitable for boneless cuts since the muscles were larger than small carcasses and easy for deboning. Stag carcasses showed higher proportion of the musculature in the high-priced areas of the carcass such as in round cuts. Bone-in cuts are more suitable for small carcasses since the muscles were smaller and difficult to debone (mean weight, 30.5 kg). About 90% of total deer carcasses in the small carcass category were developed into retail bone-in cuts (excluding 9.9% of breast, shank and trimming). The carcass characteristics and cutability information derived from this study can be used as a basis for a venison marketing strategy for deer farming and production in the tropics.

Nutrient Intake and Digestibility of Fresh, Ensiled and Pelleted Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Frond by Goats

Dahlan, I.,Islam, M.,Rajion, M.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.10

Oil palm frond (OPF) is a new non-conventional fibrous feed for ruminants. Evaluation on the nutritive values and digestibility of OPF was carried out using goats. In a completely randomised design, 20 local male goats were assigned to evaluate fresh and different types of processed OPF. A 60 day feeding trial was done to determine the digestible nutrient intake of fresh, ensiled and pelleted OPF and its response on live weight gain of goat. The pelleting of OPF increased (p<0.05) intake compared to fresh or ensiled OPF. The OPF based mixed pellet (50% OPF with 15% palm kernel cake, 6% rice bran, 6% soybean hull, 15% molasses, 2% fishmeal, 4% urea, 1.5% mineral mixture and 0.5% common salt) increased (p<0.05) nutrient intake, digestibility and reduced feed refusals. The mixed pellet also increased digestible dry matter intake (DDMI) and digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) at 80% and 63% level respectively than the fresh OPF. The increased digestible nutrient intake on the OPF based mixed pellet, resulted in increased live weight gain of goats. Furthermore, OPF has a good potential as a roughage source when it is used with concentrate supplement. OPF based formulated feed in a pelleted form could be used as a complete feed for intensive production of goat and other ruminants.

ENERGY UTILIZATION MODELS OF CATTLE GRAZING IN OIL PALM PLANTATIONS I. DEVELOPMENT OF MODELS

Dahlan, I.,Yamada, Y.,Mahyuddin, M.D. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1995 Animal Bioscience Vol.8 No.1

Energy obtained by grazing cattle in oil palm plantations is usually used for maintenance of body functions, the construction of body tissues and pregnancy, the synthesis of milk and the conversion to mechanical energy used for activities such as walking, eating and others. In this study, attempt was made to estimate metabolizable energy (ME) requirement of grazing cattle. Models of ME requirement (MER) for maintenance, gain, pregnancy, lactation and activities were developed. ME system and units were used because of wide recognition. Estimation of ME intake in grazing cattle was expressed as MEVI = $14.58{\times}VI{\times}DMD$, and under grazing condition MEVI = $MER_i$. MER was expressed as a function of net energy(NER, MJ) required for the i'th body function. Coefficient of efficiency for conversion of ME into net energy(ki) was adopted from literatures. Quantifying of ME requirement for Kedah-Kelantan cattle under grazing condition was made by using equation MERM = NEM / kn. The estimated values of MER for Kedah-Kelantan cattle is quite reasonable if compared with other estimates as reported in literatures from stall-fed animals. Dynamic MER models for grazing herd was developed in order to estimate ME requirement for maintenance and productions. These ME requirement models can be used for prediction of energy utilization pattern of the herd in the grazing systems.

Agent-Based Modeling for Studying the Impact of Capacity Mechanisms on Generation Expansion in Liberalized Electricity Market

Dahlan, N.Y. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.4

This paper presents an approach to solve the long-term generation expansion planning problem of the restructured electricity industry using an agent-based environment. The proposed model simulates the generation investment decisions taken by a particular agent (i.e. a generating company) in a market environment taking into account its competitors’ strategic investment. The investment decision of a particular company is modeled taking into account that such company has imperfect foresight on the future system development hence electricity prices. The delay in the construction of new plants is also explicitly modeled, in order to compute accurately the yearly revenues of each agent. On top of a conventional energy market, several capacity incentive mechanisms including capacity payment and capacity market are simulated, so as to assess their impact on the investment promotion for generation expansion. Results provide insight on the investment cycles as well as dynamic system behavior of long-term generation expansion planning in a competitive electricity industry.

Rural Tourism in Malaysia: Testing the Moderating Effects of Tourist Nationality and Past Experiences on Rural Destination

Noornina Dahlan 대한관광경영학회 2017 觀光硏究 Vol.32 No.5

One of the key initiatives in the 11th Malaysia Plan (2016-2020) is to ‘enhance inclusiveness towards an equitable society’ whereby ‘every Malaysian should be able to participate in and benefit from the country's economic growth’. The focus is to empower and uplift the wellbeing of rural communities. To this end, rural tourism is encouraged. In the first half of 2016, the total income of 3,800 registered rural tourism-based operators nationwide has increased by 9.5 per cent to more than MYR 17 million compared to the same period in 2015. These operators provide 5,354 rooms to 87,580 local and foreign tourists in 2016. This is indeed a great boost to the rural community. Nevertheless, rural tourism in Malaysia has yet to seize the nation’s tourism market potentials in which 31.8 million tourist arrivals and MYR 118 billion receipts are forecasted in 2017. This study applies the motivation model to investigate the travel behaviours and driving forces towards rural destinations in Malaysia. The results reveal that tourist nationality moderates travel behaviour. However, the inverse is true for past experiences. Managerial implications are provided to the Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board and industry practitioners to strategically promote rural tourism more effectively. In addition, this investigation helps the rural community operators to identify and capitalise on the attributes that influence tourist destination choice. Consequently, these operators will be able to develop their core competencies for sustainable economic growth.

Occupational Stress and Psychological Well-Being in Emergency Services

Mohd Dahlan A. Malek,Adi Fahrudin,Ida Shafinaz Mohd Kamil 한국사회복지학회 2009 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.3 No.3

Sources of occupational stress and their impact on job satisfaction and psychological well-beingwere examined in a questionnaire survey of 617 Malaysian firefighters. The role of coping strategiesand work motivation as moderating factors were also tested. Sources of occupational stress hadsignificant reverse correlations with job satisfaction and well-being. The hierarchical regressionanalysis was used to examine the moderating effect of work motivation and coping strategieson job satisfaction and psychological well-being. The result suggested that coping strategies andwork motivation are one of the potential moderating variables between sources of stress and jobsatisfaction.

The Effect of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) and Orange Juice (Citrus Sinensis) on Haemoglobin Among Pregnancy Women in Third Trimester

Febry Mutiariami Dahlan,Nina Nurlayina,Vivi Silawati 한국간호과학회 2023 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.11