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김대영 ( Gim¸ Dae-young ) 백제학회 2020 백제학보 Vol.0 No.34
본고는 백제 사비기 왕궁과 관련된 시설로 주목되고 있는 부여 관북리 유적의 단계별 변화 양상을 대단위 성토층과 유적의 성격이 변화되는 시점을 기준으로 크게 3단계로 분류한 뒤, 유적의 단계별 변화모습과 여기서 도출되는 사비도성의 전개과정을 살펴보고자 하였다. 관북리 유적의 1단계는 관북리 일대에 대단위 성토행위가 진행되기 이전으로 이 시기에는 자연지형에 맞춰 도성 내 공간구분이 이루어졌던 것으로 판단된다. 관북리 유적은 중앙부의 자연곡부를 중심으로 동남쪽과 서남쪽으로 능선이 갈라져 내려오는데, 이러한 지형에 맞춰 동남쪽으로 흘러내리는 능선에는 생산과 관련된 유구, 서남쪽으로 흘러내리는 능선에는 저장과 관련된 유구들이 분포하고 있다. 2단계는 관북리 일대 지역에 1차 성토가 진행되며 관북리 유적 ‘라’지구를 중심으로 기와기단건물지가 조성되는 시기로 기와기단건물군과 장방형구덩이, 석곽고 등의 유구가 확인되며, 이 시기부터 관북리 일대 지역이 사비도성의 중심권역으로 부상되기 시작하였다. 3단계는 1차 성토된 구간의 상면으로 부분적인 성토가 진행되거나 그 외 지역에 2차 성토가 진행되는 시점으로 대형전각건물지와 담장터 등의 유구가 조성되는 시기이다. 익산 왕궁리 유적에도 유사한 형태의 대형건물지가 조성되며, 이 단계의 유적은 『三國史記』무왕 31년(630)조의 사비 궁궐 중수기사와 관련되는 것으로 판단된다. 사비천도 초기에 보이는 관북리 일대의 모습은 지형별로 공간이 구획되어 있어 계획적인 공간배치 모습을 보이나 유구의 성격이 왕궁과 같은 중심권역 보다는 이를 지원해주는 공간으로서의 성격을 가지고 있는 것으로 보인다. 최근 조사성과를 살펴보면 사비천도 초기의 중심권역은 관북리 일대보다는 그 동쪽의 쌍북리 일원에 해당될 가능성이 높다. 그러나 관북리 2단계 이후 관북리 일대가 도성 내 중심지로 부각되면서 그 남쪽의 정림사지나 궁남지 등 부여시가지 일대 평탄지가 대단위로 재개발되는 모습이 확인되는데, 이는 도성 내 공간 확장을 위하여 저지대를 중심으로 개발을 진행하면서 나타나는 현상으로 이러한 재개발이 진행되면서 현재 사비도성의 모습이 완성되었다. Sabi Capital was the last capital of the Baekjae Dynasty. It had maintained as the center of the Baekjae's history for 120 years after transferring the Capital in Sabi, now Buyeo. Thus, there are so many sites related in the Castles, royal palaces, tombs, temples of Baekjae. but the controversy over the location has continued so far. Among the remains identified in the Buyeo area, the most notable site is Gwanbuk-ri site that associated with the royal palace. In this paper, we are going to classified the stepwise change aspects of the Gwanbuk-ri site into three phases by the large-scale embankment layer and the time of site's character transition. Through this process, we will investigate the transitions in this sites and development process of Sabi Capital on this basis. The first phase of Gwanbuk-ri site was before the large-scale embankment process was carried out in this area. and it is considered that the space in the area was divided according to the natural landscape. The topography around Gwanbuk-ri site divides the ridges of the southeast and southwest, centering on the natural curves of Buso Mountain. In accordance with this topography, the remains related in production are located in the ridge that flows southeastward. and related in storage are located in the ridge that flows southwestward. The second phase is when the roof-tile foundation building site was built around the 'la' district of Gwanbuk-ri site after the first large-scale embankment process was completed. It is identified with the group of the roof-tile foundation buildings, rectangular pits, storage and so on. from this period, the area around Gwanbuk-ri may have emerged as the central area of Sabi Capital. The third phase is the large-scale buildings, fences, and etc. were constructed on theupper side of the central building group in the second phase after the partial embankment process. Also, a similar type of large-scale building site was constructed at the Wanggung-ri site in Iksan. this phase is associated with the reconstruction article of the 31st year of King Mu's reign on 『三國史記』 Also From the early and mid 7th century, which is on the third phase of the Gwanbuk-ri site, It is confirmed that flat land on southward of the royal palace was redeveloped to the large scale land, This phenomenon is caused by the development of low-lying areas to expand the space in the capital. Through this process, Sabi capital had completed that now we recognize.
Daeyoung Kim 한국수정란이식학회 2016 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.31 No.4
The cryopreservation of sperm has become the subject of research for successful artificial insemination technologies. Antifreeze proteins (AFPs), one of the factors necessary for effective cryopreservation, are derived from certain Antarctic organisms. These proteins decrease the freezing point of water within these organisms to below the temperature of the surrounding seawater to protect the organism from cold shock. Accordingly, a recent study found that AFPs can increase the motility and viability of spermatozoa during cryopreservation.To evaluate this relationship, we performed cryopreservation of boar sperm with AFPs produced in the Arctic yeast Leucosporidium sp. AFP expression system at four concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μg/ml) and evaluated motility using computer assisted sperm analysis. DNA damage to boar spermatozoa was measured by the comet assay, and sperm membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were evaluated by flow cytometry. The results showed that motility was positively affected by the addition of AFP at each concentration except 1 μg/ml (p<0.001).Although cryopreservation with AFP decreased the viability of the boar sperm using, the tail DNA analyses showed that there was no significant difference between the control and the addition of 0.1 or 0.01 μg/ml AFP. In addition, the percentage of live sperm with intact acrosomes showed the least significant difference between the control and 0.1 μg/ml AFP (p<0.05), but increased with 1 μg/ml AFP (p<0.001). Our results indicate that the addition of AFP during boar sperm cryopreservation can improve viability and acrosome integrity after thawing.