밀턴의 paradise Lost 에서 재현된 사탄의 숭고미 분석

김대중 ( Kim¸ Daejoong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2010 영어권문화연구 Vol.3 No.2

This paper aims to clarify the significance of sublimity in Western literary tradition via exploring various philosophical understandings of the sublimity. To demonstrate this, I use Milton's Paradise Lost and explore the world of sublimity in his work, especially the part where Satan emerges. Regardless of his theological signification, Satan represents a hero who fell and set out a journey to restore what he lost, which causes the sublimity in Milton's magnificent work, Paradise Lost. To analyze this, I mostly focus on Burke's idea of sublimity and its properties ― vastness, obscurity, infinity, uniformity, and magnificent. To some extent, Burke's idea of sublimity reveals the most profound aesthetic aspect of sublimity in Western thought. With Burke's analysis, I also include aesthetic idea of sublimity from Kant and Schopenhaller's works. By intergating and incorporating their ideas in aesthetic history, I demonstrate how Milton's Paradise Lost has affected other works afterward. In conclusion, I claim that the vision of Satan in Milton's Paradise Lost lies in the context of the heroic sublimity that is a part of Western aesthetics.

Asian; Lesbian; American

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2010 영어권문화연구 Vol.3 No.1

In this paper, I would like to explore Asian American lesbian literature to achieve three goals. First, I claim that the study of Asian American lesbian literature as a part of lesbians of color in the U.S. can break through the traditional contentions in white dominated lesbian theories between lesbian feminism and queer studies, in that a study of lesbians of color located in a periphery position in lesbian culture can show the true complexity of lesbianism. It can also show the possibility of activism and solidarity, and common ground for anti-racism and anti- heterosexuality. In this regard, literary texts written by Asian American lesbians, though they are relatively few at this time in history, revealsa map where culture, gender, and race are cognitively mapped. Second, in order to point out the limit of epistemological categorization of lesbianism and to find out the more concrete and material position of lesbian experience, I explore the meaning of body in Asian American lesbian literature. To present a better theoretical account, I sketch and adopt Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology, with its emphasis on intersubjectivity. Then, to support this hypothesis, I deal with several short stories and a novel written by Asian American lesbian writers. Third, I expand the intersubjective space of the body to the social space where lesbians live and form community. Such spaces as home, camp and public bathrooms where women meet produce a lesbian culture that also reflects the contradictions of the social body to which they belong. I argue that utopian lesbian spaces are interwoven with heterotopia in terms of Foucault's theory about space. However, this contradiction causes lesbians to produce imaginary and cultural spaces that can subvert hegemonic control of compulsory heterosexual culture in social space. After I explore this body and space of lesbians of color focusing on Asian American lesbian literature, I propose that we need to expand lesbian literary studies to the theoretical accounts of lesbianism in globalization, more broadly, the possibility of lesbians' global solidarity, and the possibility of global social revolution to change the compulsory heterosexual culture.

사물과 정동 연구 : 『딕테』와 촛불집회를 중심으로

김대중 ( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2018 영어권문화연구 Vol.11 No.1

This paper aims to explore contextual meaning of thing and affect and how these are expressed in differential areas such as literary works, ethics, and politics by analyzing Theresa Cha Hak-Kyung's Dictee and recent candle demonstration in Korea. As theoretical scaffoldings, the paper employs Spinoza's theory of affect in Ethica and Gilles Deleuze's adaptation of it as well as such ideas as multitude proposed by Antonio Negri and Michael Hart. The paper first of all delineates genealogy of philosophical inquiries on thing and affect then shifts its focus to Gilles Deleuze's preeminent explanation of affect and affection. These theoretical overviews assist readers to understand this paper's analysis of images in Cha's avant-garde masterpiece, Dictee. The paper mostly delve into series of images and their affect in Dictee: the first series of images of Korean women's faces and affect of joy, the second series of images of Western female martyrs and affect of sadness, the third series of images of multitude and their affect, the fourth series of images of things and thing-affect. In the last part of the paper, I examine political meaning of affect and multitude as well as its power in contemporary society, especially recent candle demonstrations in Korea.

엔트로피에서 맥스웰의 도깨비로 : 토마스 핀천의 『제49호 품목의 경매』 속 닫힌 세계로서의 미국과 실존적 탈주 가능성 연구

김대중 ( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2017 영어권문화연구 Vol.10 No.1

This paper aims to find the meaning of closed society and possibility of Oedipa's existential escape in The Crying of Lot49 written by Thomas Pynchon. This paper first delves into factors of ‘Americaness’ as Pierce's inheritance―the military-industrial complex, cultural cynicism, media-dominating culture that dominated 1960s' America with the theoretical scaffoldings such as Jean Baudrillard's theories especially focusing on his ideas of simulation and hyperreality as the cultural illusion. This paper then traces Oedipa's quest to find a way to resist America as closed society where entropy becomes a dominant metaphor of its catastrophe through prying into Tristero which aims to insidiously rebel against totalitarian control of hegemonic Americaness. Yet Oedipa gets frustrated after finding out that Tristero is in fact a hidden apparatus of Pierce's inheritance. But Oedipa finally arrives at a third way to overcome nihilism brought about by her frustration by being awaken up to her own consciousness as outsider and finding meanings of existential choice and communication. This paper suggests that the opening ending of the novel can trigger bigger questions about the existential realm of humanity that the novel is seeking.

Meaning of Crossing Borderlines and Differential Movement in Chicana Literature

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2017 영어권문화연구 Vol.10 No.2

This paper aims to deliberately describe and critically review the genealogy of Chicana literature, especially novels, via Chicana theorists’ critical lens―Emma Perez’s ‘decolonial imagination’ and Chela Sandoval’s ‘Methodology of the Oppressed.’ Tracing Chicana literary history, I will first of all analyze a groundbreaking novel, Maria Amparo Ruiz de Burton’s Who Would Have Thought it?, which has been regarded as one of the groundbreaking major Chicana literary texts. In turn, I will analyze another historical Chicana literary and critical text, Gloria Anzaldúa’s Borderlands/La Frontera utilizing Emma Perez’s theory. Through this analysis, I will probe deeply into the meaning of crossing imaginary, ideological and real borderlines across racism, colonialism, and sexism for Chicana writers. In the last section, I will interpret Norma Elia Cantu’s Canicula-Snapshots of a Girlhood with theoretical scaffolding of Chela Sandoval’s semiotic critique. The images and written texts in this experimental pseudo -memoir semiotically deconstruct ideologies of the U.S. where only white mythology dominates. After all, I envision a literary constellation where borders become emblem in which Chicana’s voices resonate with other ethnic women writers’ memories.

벌거벗은 인간과 미국: 죠르지오 아감벤을 통해 본 9/11과 아부 그라이브

김대중 ( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2014 영어권문화연구 Vol.7 No.1

This paper explores paradoxical meanings of 9/11 terrorism and its consequences as well as torture of Iraqi POWs in Abu Ghraib in terms of biopolitics producing “homo sacers,” Agambenian term illuminating those who excluded from juridical order while subjugating to the law, and “state of exception,” in which law paradoxically imposes its influence to create unlawful places. As a theoretical scaffolding, this paper uses various concepts and ideas from Giorgio Agamben, a prominent Italian philosopher. This paper mainly consists of two sections: The first section mostly deals with how two state apparatuses―repressive and ideological apparatuses―operate to conceal Real of 9/11 terrorism and Abu Ghraib torture; The second section trace Agamben’s archeological research to critique Western biopolitics and its origin in order to reveal how bare life comes forth from caesura of bios, political life, and zoe, natural life, and how we can evade this pitfall of humanity by exploring form-of-life and its happiness.

폴 오스터의 『선셋 파크』에 나오는 버려진 사물과 신체들의 정동의 역학 연구

김대중 ( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2020 영어권문화연구 Vol.13 No.1

This study purports to closely read and analyze Paul Auster’s Sunset Park mainly focusing on the function of affects among characters whose lives resonate with broken, abandoned things. As theoretical scaffoldings, this essay utilizes various theories related to affect and thing such as Stoicism, Deleuze’s reading of Spinozian idea of affect, Heidegger’s philosophical understanding of ontological mood and his theory of thing, Walter Benjamin’s philosophical speculation on history and melancholia, etc. The historical background of the novel reflects ‘sub-prime mortgage crisis’ in 2008 when young people got enraged for the corruption and the failure of American capitalism. Miles, the protagonist of the novel, goes through turmoil of growingup escaping from his guilt and middle-class life. Miles’s journey is saturated with ontological affects-homeliness and melancholia. Bing invites Miles to his seemingly utopian place at Sunset Park, an abandoned house where Bing live with Ellen and Alice illegally. This illegal occupation evokes each one’s hidden desire, which turns out to ‘affect’ all occupants in the house. Miles and Morris, Mile’s father, also find the way to restore communication realizing the stoic ethics of ‘amor fati’ and ‘seize the day.’ Yet all utopian dream of the occupants shatters as the police brutally suppress and arrest them. Miles, on the way to meet his father, decides not to run away any more and live in the present.

Race Out of Joint: (Im)possibility of Post-raciality

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2016 영어권문화연구 Vol.9 No.3

In this paper, I contend that post-raciality is a strategically- created ideological fantasy that blocks people from opening their eyes wide to behold the truth of the discursive network of such ideological state apparatuses as colonialism, gender, class, xenophobia, raciality, global capitalism, etc. The debates surrounding the possibility and accountability of post-Obama raciality, post-raciality, post-racial liberalism, or colorblindness have many discursive fronts. I examine a few of these fronts using several theorists’ contention over the meaning of post-raciality; and then, I discuss how problematic the post-racial discourses can be. Michel Foucault discusses how the state made use of racism to establish nationalism and national conflicts as an ironical strategy to keep national unity. Etienne Balibar argues for a ‘differential racism’ that applies traditional racial categorization and strategies of oppression to new immigrants or migrants. Omi and Winant maintain that the race has been formed by the racial state whose foundation itself is linked to the history of racism (racial dictatorship) and racial movement (racial democracy) that resist it. Paul Gilory points out the operation of the same bio-politics in the discourse of race, while he fully embraces the idea of post-raciality as the global racial reality. Yet, Gilroy’s audacious challenges against the significance of race in the postmodern culture sounds only partially legitimate. Reading through those theories, in this paper I argue that post-raciality is an ideological fantasy that hover over the dark racial reality where white supremacy and differential racism work.

Korean Americans in the Space of Racial Formation

( Kim¸ Dae Joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2012 영어권문화연구 Vol.5 No.1

This paper aims to show how Asian Americans, especially Korean Americans, as a race or ethnic group has been represented in early immigration history. In the postmodern global society, social status of Asian Americans is overdetermined by ideologies of the model minority. To understand these phenomena, research on the racial space or urban ethnic enclaves Korean Americans have created is necessary. In this regard, spatial theory can be a theoretical framework Asian American literary scholars can take. Applying various spatial theories which emphasize spatial interconnection of different spaces the oppressed create to resist authentic rule of the teleological history, in this paper, I will analyze how the early Korean immigration history created the dialectic space of utopia and heterotopia in the Korean enclave within the complex, hegemonic context of nationalism, class, racism, and colonialism. For this project, I will analyze Clay Walls written by Ronyoung Kim. By this research, I will also demonstrate the spatial meaning of race and racism in early Korean immigration societies in the U.S. history. And then, I will argue that this Korean enclave, founded by early Korean immigrants who were the ideologues of nationalism aspiring to build an ethnic utopia, are placed in a contradictory relation to heterotopia for the second generation.

De-subjectification and Meaning of Faceless Other in The English Patient

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2014 영어권문화연구 Vol.7 No.2

This paper aims to explore Michael Ondaatje's The English Patient to find how modern subjectivity and modern art have proved to be exhaustible through modern history and modern art history by closely reading the novel with theoretical scaffoldings including Deleuze and Guattari's idea of nomadism and de-subjecitification and the contextualization between life and book. On the surface level, the novel adopts a detective/war plot but severely maimed face of the English patient, the protagonist, is the focal point in this novel inquiring what the meaning of this erased faciality is. In fact, the English patient's face, a metaphor of the corporeal book and the history, figuratively links to the geography and geology of the Western-centered fascism and resistance. The English patient at first chooses absolute deterritorialization but his nomadic journey fails as he becomes obsessed with possession of Katherine. Yet, the English patient's persistent efforts to disguise himself also opens a way of communication to heal not only his trauma but other characters'. Through these analysis and arguments, this paper intimates that de-subjectification through communicating Others via corporeal metaphor embodies true nomadism.