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Korean National Emissions Inventory System and 2007 Air Pollutant Emissions
DaeGyun Lee,Kee-Won Jang,Yong-Mi Lee,Chul Yoo,Kyoung-Hee Kang,Ju-Hyoung Lee,Sung-Woon Jung,Jung-Min Park,Sang-Bo Lee,Jong-Soo Han,Ji-Hyung Hong,Suk-Jo Lee 한국대기환경학회 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.4
Korea has experienced dramatic development and has become highly industrialized and urbanized during the past 40 years, which has resulted in rapid economic growth. Due to the industrialization and urbanization,however, air pollutant emission sources have increased substantially. Rapid increases in emission sources have caused Korea to suffer from serious air pollution. An air pollutant emissions inventory is one set of essential data to help policymakers understand the current status of air pollution levels, to establish air pollution control policies and to analyze the impacts of implementation of policies, as well as for air quality studies. To accurately and realistically estimate administrative district level air pollutant emissions of Korea, we developed a Korean Emissions Inventory System named the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS). In CAPSS, emissions sources are classified into four levels. Emission factors for each classification category are collected from various domestic and international research reports, and the CAPSS utilizes various national, regional and local level statistical data, compiled by approximately 150Korean organizations. In this paper, we introduced for the first time, a Korean national emissions inventory system and release Korea’s official 2007 air pollutant emissions for five regulated air pollutants.
DaeGyun Lee 한국대기환경학회 2014 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.8 No.2
In the companion paper (Lee et al., 2012), it wasshowed that CMAQ simulation using a lateral boundaryconditions (LBCs) derived from RAQMS-CMAQlinkage, compared to the CMAQ results with the defaultCMAQ LBCs, improved ozone simulations in theconterminous US domain. In the present paper, thestudy is extended to investigate the influence of LBCson PM2.5 simulation. MM5-SMOKE-CMAQ modelingsystem was used for meteorological field generation,emissions preparation and air quality simulations,respectively. Realtime Air Quality Modeling System(RAQMS) model assimilated with satellite observationswere used to generate the CMAQ-ready LBCs. CMAQ PM2.5 simulations with RAQMS LBCs and predefinedLBCs were compared with U.S. EPA Air QualitySystem (AQS) measurements. Mean PM2.5 lateralboundary conditions taken from RAQMS outputs showedstrong variations both in the horizontal grid andvertical layers in the northern and western boundariesand affected the results of CMAQ PM2.5 predictions. CMAQ with RAQMS LBCs could improve CMAQPM2.5 predictions resulting in the improvement ofindex of agreement from 0.38 to 0.63.
Lee, DaeGyun Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2014 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.8 No.2
In the companion paper (Lee et al., 2012), it was showed that CMAQ simulation using a lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) derived from RAQMS-CMAQ linkage, compared to the CMAQ results with the default CMAQ LBCs, improved ozone simulations in the conterminous US domain. In the present paper, the study is extended to investigate the influence of LBCs on PM2.5 simulation. MM5-SMOKE-CMAQ modeling system was used for meteorological field generation, emissions preparation and air quality simulations, respectively. Realtime Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS) model assimilated with satellite observations were used to generate the CMAQ-ready LBCs. CMAQ PM2.5 simulations with RAQMS LBCs and predefined LBCs were compared with U.S. EPA Air Quality System (AQS) measurements. Mean PM2.5 lateral boundary conditions taken from RAQMS outputs showed strong variations both in the horizontal grid and vertical layers in the northern and western boundaries and affected the results of CMAQ PM2.5 predictions. CMAQ with RAQMS LBCs could improve CMAQ PM2.5 predictions resulting in the improvement of index of agreement from 0.38 to 0.63.
관광호텔 내부마케팅 요인이 종사원 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
윤대균 관광경영학회 2002 관광경영연구 Vol.14 No.-
This study attempts to develop and suggest the effective strategies for enhancing service quality and competitiveness in the tourist hotel industry by reviewing and identifying a range of internal marketing factors. Research findings of this study is as follows: Firstly, six factors including training programs & welfare policy, incentive system, and employer's attitude, team work and information sharing, appointment and customer-oriented policy, and personnel evaluation system were derived as internal marketing variables. These factors were found to play a significant role in marketing orientation, the level of service quality and task performance. Secondly, employees who are female, single, in low level of education and position, in twenties relatively less satisfied in their works, which requires an appropriate incentive system for the encouragement and motivation.
최돈찬,우대균,임시내 한국환경생물학회 2002 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.20 No.3
광주기(하루 중 빛의 길이)는 골든 햄스터의 생식을 조절하는 주된 요인이다. 광주기 정보는 멜라토닌을 통하여 생식 내분비계로 전달된다. 따라서 멜라토닌이 생식에 미치는 효과를 여러 광주기에 노출시킨 햄스터에서 조사하였다. 단주기(하루 중 12시간 이하의 조명)에 노출시킨 동물들과 저녁에 멜라토닌을 주사한 동물들의 정소 무게는 현저하게 줄어들었으나, 장주기 (하루 중 12.5시간 이상의 조명)에 유지된 동물과 오전에 멜라토닌을 투여한 동물들의 정소 무게는 줄어들지 않았다. 퇴화된 정소를 조직학적으로 조사한 결과, 세정관 직경이 감소되었고,세정관내 세포수가 두드러지게 줄어들었다. 또한 생식 능력이 퇴화된 동물의 혈중 여포자극호르몬과 황체호르몬의 수준도 생식 능력을 보유하고 있는 동물에 비해 뚜렷하게 감소하였다. 멜라토닌 수용체가 역전사 polymerase chain reaction으로 등정되었고 조직특이성 또한 조사하였다 동정된 멜라토닌 수용체는 309 염기였으며,시상하부와 뇌하수체를 포함하는 다양한 장기에서 발현되었다. 생식을 조절하는 핵심 물질인 gona-dotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) 유전자의 발현 또한 동정되었다. 그러나 멜라토닌 처리와 광주기 처리는 GnRH유전자 발현에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 종합하면, 광주기의 효과는 멜리토닌을 경유하여 발휘되며,멜라토닌은 GnRH유전자의 발현보다는,생성된 GnRH의 분비에 영향을 미쳐 생식내분비계에 간접적으로 작용함을 알 수 있었다. Photoperiod (length of light per day) is a major factor in regulating reproductive function in golden hamsters. The information of photoperiod is transmitted to the reproductive endocrine system by melatonin. Thus the effects of melatonin are investigated in male golden hamsters exposed to photoperiods. Paired testicular weights were markedly reduced in the animals housed in short photoperiod (SP, ??12hours day^-1) and injected with melatonin in the evening, but not in long photoperiod(LP, ??12.5 hours day^-1) and injected with melatonin in the morning. The histological examination of regressed testes showed reduction of tubular lumen diameter including the numbers of cells and Leydig cell number. The mean values of both follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were also lowered in the sexually inactive animals than in the sexually active animals. Melatonin receptor was identified by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and its expression was examined in various tissues to scrutinize the action site of melatonin. It turned out 309 nucleotides and was definitely expressed in hypothalamus and pituitary including spleen, retina, and epididymis. And gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) gene, which is a key element in regulating reproduction, was identified by RT-PCR but the expression of GnRH was not modified by the treatment of melatonin. Taken together, photoperiod via melatonin indirectly affects reproductive endocrine system, possibly through the release of GnRH, not the synthesis of GnRH.