酸性溶媒內에서 Methylcrotonate에 對한 n-propylmercaptan의 添加反應에 關한 速度論的 硏究

姜大鎬,吳昌彦 慶尙大學校 1976 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The rate constants for the addition of n-propylmercaptan to methylcrotonate were determined by iodometry at various pH nd 60℃. From these rate constans, WE obtained a rate equation which could be applied over wide pH range. ????????? Frome above equation, we reached the conclusion as follows: (1) The reaction is started by addition of n-propylmercaptan molecule belpow pH 4. (2) The reation proceeded by the n-propylmercaptide ion above pH 6. (3) At pH 4∼6, the complex addition reation mechanism can also be fully explained by the equation obtained.

부산 시내버스 이용 및 만족도에 관한 연구

김대래 · 조용언 · 도한영 신라대학교 부산학연구센터 2021 부산연구 Vol.19 No.1

이 논문은 설문조사를 통하여 부산시민들의 시내버스 이용 및 만족도를 알아본 것이다. 응 답자는 300명으로 성별 구성은 남자 131명, 여자 169명이었다. 시내버스 이용여부에 대한 질 문에 절반이 약간 넘는 52%가 시내버스를 이용한다고 응답하였다. 반면 48%의 응답자는 시 내버스를 이용하지 않는다고 응답하였다. 왜 시내버스를 이용하지 않는가에 대한 설문에서는 ‘자가용이 편해서’라는 응답이 19.9%로 가장 많았고 그 다음은 ‘목적지까지 시간이 많이 걸려서’로 11.1%였다. 이어 ‘도시철도가 더 편해서’가 9.3%였다. 크게 보아 시내버스를 이용하지 않는 것은 더 편리한 대체교통수단이 있 기 때문이라 할 수 있다. 시내버스를 이용하는 이유에 대해서는 ‘시내버스가 편해서’>‘환승이 편하고 무료환승이라 서’>‘바로가는 노선이 있어서’>‘정류소가 가까이 있어서’ 순이었다. 네 요인 모두에 공통되는 것은 ‘편리함’이라고 할 수 있다. 사람들이 버스를 이용하는 주된 계기는 이용하기 편리할 때 라는 것을 잘 말해주고 있다. 시내버스 서비스 7개 항목에 대한 만족도에서는 ‘버스내부상태’>‘정류소시설’>‘정류소접근 성’>‘친절수준’>‘안전수준’>‘배차간격’>‘요금수준’ 순으로 높은 평가가 있었다. 응답자들은 ‘요 금수준’에 가장 만족도가 낮았고 그 다음은 ‘배차간격’이었다. 그리고 ‘안전운전’에 대해서도 상대적으로 낮은 만족도를 보였다. 한편 ‘전체만족도’를 종속변수로 하고 ‘버스내부상태’, ‘정류소시설’, ‘정류소접근성’, ‘친절수 준’, ‘안전수준’, ‘배차간격’, ‘요금수준’을 독립변수로 하여 다중회귀분석을 한 결과 ‘정류소접근 성’>‘친절’>‘안전운전’>‘버스내부상태’>‘배차간격’>‘정류소시설’>‘요금수준’의 순으로 만족도에 영향을 많이 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 환승시스템과 버스중앙전용차로 그리고 복지노선 운영에 대한 설문에서는 대체로 만족하는 사람들의 비율이 높았다. 버스중앙전용차로에 대해 불만족인 이유는 ‘전용노선 때문에 자가용 이용이 불편해서’가 7.68%로 1위, ‘통행시간이 생각보다 줄지않아서’가 2위, ‘정류장이나 노선 경로의 안전상 문제’가 있어서가 4.21%로 3위를 기록하였다. 한편 버스이용승객의 감소에 미 치는 영향에 대한 설문에서는 ‘긴 배차간격’>‘자가용이용증가’>‘도시철도중심 교통정책’>‘신속 성과 정시성 저하’>‘노선체계 불합리’>‘인구감소 및 고령화’>‘요금인상’>‘접근성 불편’>‘환승 체계미비’>‘차량노후와 승하차불편’>‘버스인프라부족’>‘정류장시설부족’ 순으로 중요하다는 응 답이 나왔다.

초등 사회과 3학년 지역화 교수·학습자료개발 연구

홍기대,손정선,김언식,김용조,이광성,김경운 光州敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2002 初等敎育硏究 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this study is in developing locally-oriented teaching-learning materials to motivate students to effectively take part in activities using map and in improving the field work of social studies to plan a map learning and to give them the ability of practice. It represents the right order involved in teaching the activities using map after doing preceding learning : classroom, playground, and the environs of the school including to some learning methods such as a puzzle map, a correlative of learning. Field trip study planning and lesson-plan are designed in case of Sewage disposal plant, Duknam filtration plant, Bonchon industrial complex relating to field trip study. There are some effects expected which follow through this study. First, teachers are able to draw learner's interest in finding learning sources directly through the community where they live. Second, learners have active participation in class, motivation, drawing their interests through map learning by doing preceding study of learner-centered. Third, teachers can make use of it as useful tools to get high achievement goal with self-direct learning.

표준 원자력발전소 확률론적 안전성 평가의 인간 신뢰도 분석 평가

강대일,정원대,양준언 한국안전학회 2003 한국안전학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Based on ASME probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) and NEI PRA peer review guidance, we evaluate a human reliability analysis (HRA) in probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) for Korea standard nuclear power plants, Ulchin Unit 3&4, to improve it performed at under design. The HRA for Ulchin Unit 3&4 is assessed as higher than Grade I based on ASME PRA standard and as higher than Grade 2 based on NEI PRA peer review guidance. The major items to be improved identified through the evaluation process are the documentation, the systematic human reliability analysis, the participitation of operators in the works and review of HRA. We suggest the guidance on the identification and qualitative screening analysis for pre-accident human errors and solve some items to be improved using the suggested guidance.

건강여성의 최대산소섭취량, 혈청지질, 체조성, 골밀도의 가령변화 및 습관적 운동의 영향

이신언,김대경,육조영 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.1

The results were as follows: 1. VO₂max(r=-0.590) and HRmax(r= -0.632) decrease significantly with age. The VO₂ max of the EX group was significantly higher than that of the Cont group in all each groups. However no differences in the aging process in terms of HRmax were found between the two groups. 2. Resting SBP(r=-0.391) and DBP(r=0.315) increase significantly with age. However no hypertensive individuals(160/95mmHg~) were found among the 165 subjects. 3. Only serum TC(r=0.346) and L㎗-C(r=0.339) among the blood constituents measured changed with age. No changes in serum H㎗-C were detected with age. Lower TC (189.2±23.3mg/㎗) and higher H㎗-C(72.2±10.9mg/㎗) were observed in eleven runners (49.7±7.7years) among the subjects who participated frequently in official races than in subjects of the same ages in the Cont group. The highest serum H㎗-C(75.8±15.8mg/㎗) and H㎗-C/TC ratios(0.362) were noticed among the subjects(n=26) who both regularly exercised and consumed alcoholic beverages. 4. A tendercy for FTM to increase and LTM to decrease with age were observed in both groups, and a lower %FTM(percentage of FTM to body weight) and higher %LTM were evident in the Ex group. Differences in %FTM and %LTM between the Ex and Cont groups at 40~45 years were significant. 5. Partial and whole BMDs decreased significant with age(TBMD-Age: r=-0.527). Significantly higher leg BMDs in both the 20~39-year and 40~45-year groups, and spine and TBMD in the 20~39 years in the Ex group, who were premenopausal women, were shown. No significant differences in BMDs between the two groups were observed in postmenopausal women, but the Ex group tended to have higher partial and whole BMDs. The postmenopausal official race runners (n=5,52.6±1.5 years) also had higher TBMD and leg BMD values than subjects of the same ages in the Cont group. 6. Investigation of correlations between V02max, LTM, FTM, BMDs and serum lipid concentrations, yielded a significantly higher correlation(r=0.669) between LTM(㎏) and absolute V0₂max(l/min). Although VO₂max per LTM(VO₂max/LTM) decreased with age(r=-0.595), VO₂max/LTM in the Ex group significantly higher than in the Cont group in each age group. The VO₂max per body weight(㎖/㎏/min) was negatively correlated with %FTM(r=-0.442) and positively correlated with %LTM(r=0.422). There were no correlations between VO₂max and serum TC levels or H㎗-C concentrations. BMD was strongly correlated with body weight, especially LTM, in addition to the aging process. VO₂max per body weight was not always highly correlated with TBMD(r=0.354, p<0.001). Stepwise multiple regression analysis yielded the following regression equations: TBMD(g·cm^-2)=0.9525-0.0045xAge+0.0059×FTM(㎏)+0.0072xLTM(㎏) VO₂max(㎖· ㎏^-1· min^-1)=47.97-0.391×Age+0.175xLeg BMD-0.531×%FTM(%)

유방암에서 bcl-2와 p53 표출에 관한 연구

김의한,김대중,강상균,양승하,홍기언 순천향의학연구소 1997 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.3 No.2

In order to observe the expression of bcl-2 and p53 protein in the 29 cases of invasive ductal carcinomas and to evaluate the correlationship between the two results, the author has carried out immunohistochemical staining with mononuclear antibodies against bcl-2 and p53. The results are obtained as follows: 1. bc1-2 showed positive reaction in normal duct, lobule and hyperplastic epithelium, and p53 showed no reaction in the same tissue. 2. In 15 cases of well differentiated type, the bc1-2 was positive in 14 cases (93%), and the p53 was positive only in 4 cases (26%). In 6 poorly differentiated type, the bcl-2 was positive in 2 cases (33%), and the p53 was positive in 3 cases (50%). The relationship between the bcl-2 and the p53 showed that in well differentiated type, bcl-2(+)/p53(-) expression was most commonly observed, while the bcl-2(-)/p53(+) expression was not seen in well differentiated type. 3. The size of tumor appeared to have no direct relationship to bcl-2 and p53 positive rate. 4. The expression of bcl-2 and p53 in intraductal carcinoma portion showed that when intraductal tumor component was positive, the invasive portion tumor cell was also positive. However the bcl-2 positive tumor cells in some intraductal component apeared to be negative in p53. Above findings showed that the bcl-2 protein was more frequently expressed in low grade lesion and the p53 protein was in high grade lesion. Also bcl-2 and p53 positive or negative findings showed different results in the same tumor cells.

스포츠 관련인자에서 본 여자중학생의 골밀도에 관한 연구

김덕중,이신언,김대경 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.1

In order to obtain the basic data for the relationship between factors related to sports and bone density of middle school girls, bone densities of a heel were measured, and physical characteristics and living backgrounds on exercises were surveyed. The subjects were one-hundred and forty two girls(15~18 years, mean±SD=16.5±0.84 years) of a middle school in Nagano prefecture, accepted our visiting bone health check. Bone density was measured by ultrasound bone-densitometer 'Achilles'(Lunar). As for the data, we obtained the stiffness index(Stiffness) with a self-resistered questionnaire for the items of physical and exercise factors for the girls in puberty, middle school girls who belong to a sport club have significantly higher bone density than other girls. In detail, those who do the sports which consist of mainly running or jumping, have significantly higher bone density than others who do no sports. There also were significants on the kinds of sports, on the frequency of sports and on the duration of sports. Moreover, those who had the regular sports history have higher bone density than those who had no regular sports history, and the mean Stiffness of the group that care to do physical exercises daily was higher than those who do not care to do exercises. These results suggest that there are many kinds of factors related to sports which favourably contribute to obtain sufficient bone mass of middle school girls who are in a developmental stage.

個別行態模型을 이용한 通勤交通手段選擇에 관한 行態分析

배영석,김언동,김대웅 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1996 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.24 No.1

The main purpose of this study is identifying the factors which affect the mode choice behavior of work trips using disaggregate behavioral model. Three models were developed in this study which are binary logit model(model 1) for auto and bus, multinomial logit model(model 2) for auto, taxi and bus and multinomial logit model(model 3) for auto, taxi and bus and subway. In case of model 3, the stated preference(sp) data were used for the analysis of the subway mode choice behavior because the subway is in course of construction. Model 1 and 2 were tested for the use of the existing travel mode. A multinomial model developed using sp data(model 3) was tested for the use of future transportation mode. It is found that the those models provides reasonable results in terms of behavioral and statistical considerations.

자동차용 ABS MKⅣ-G의 성능 평가에 관한 연구

장성규,전언찬,김대원 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1997 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.2

High performance ABS have been introduced in the market because car manufacturers and drives have been recongnized the important safety function of these systems. In the beginning of ABS introduction only luxury vehicles where equipped with ABS because of the high additional cost. Today there is the medium and even compact vehicle class. Therefore it became a necessity to develop an ABS which meets the requirements of manufacturers and drivers concerning performance comfort and especially cost. As a highly advanced technology and skills which include electronic, hydraulic controls, element design and manufacturing technology. ABS system has recently been entered into mass production as a result of long research and many try and errors. In this research, we tested MKⅣ-G ABS system, which was developed by ITT automotive, in various methods and got the quite good results in its function. MKⅣ-G ABS system can be extended to TCS(Traction Control System) function and is now under developing by localization in domestic. But on demand car manufactures and customers, new generation ABS system, that means simple, low cost and high function, is already under developing among advanced nations in this area. Although we are still in early stage of ABS system development, if we analyze and study the function of various ABS system through these research and put it to practical use step by step, we can develop independent ABS model in the near future.

흰쥐 Kupffer 세포에 대한 Propofol의 작용

박세훈,지대림,성언기,김희선,송인환,박희영,김준수,이덕희,박대팔 대한마취과학회 2002 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.43 No.4

Background: Propofol has an antioxidant capacity and can be used for ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver. However, the effects of propofol on the Kupffer cells have not been establisked. Methods: Kupffer cells were isolated and cultured from male Sprague-Dawley rats. The effects of propofol on the Kupffer cells were evaluated by a phagocytosis assay, TNF-α gene expression, and superoxide anion release after administering propofol in different concentrations on the cultured Kuprrer cells. Results: The latex bead phagocytosis by the Kupffer cells was suppressed when the Kupffer cells were exposed to propofol irrespective of concentrations. Higher propofol concentrations decreased the loss of Kupffer cells after latex bead phagocytosis. Propofol induced TNF-α mRNA expression in the Kupffer cells, but the mRNA expression level after 50㎍/ml of propofol decreased. The pattern of TNF-α mRNA expression induced by propofol was different to that induced by LPS: TNF-α mRNA was expressed continuously in the propofol-treated cells until 16 hours after exposure to propofol, whereas the level of TNF-α mRNA expression induced by LPS was evident after 2 hours and was not found thereafter. TNF-α production after propofol treatment was not higher than that of the control. Formazan presipitation did not show any qualitative differences between cells untreated or treated with propofol concentrations of 0.5, 5.0, and 50 ㎍/ml. Conclusions: These results showed that propofol might inhibit Kupffer cells. This suggests that propofol and be used for patients with ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2002; 43: 475~484)