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CUMMINGS, JENNIFER E.,BARRETT, CONOR D.,LITWAK, KENNETH N.,DI BIASE, LUIGI,CHOWDHURY, PUNAM,OH, SEIL,CHING, CHI KEONG,SALIBA, WALID I.,SCHWEIKERT, ROBERT A.,BURKHARDT, J. DAVID,DE MARCO, SHARI,ARMAGAN Blackwell Publishing Inc 2008 Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology Vol.19 No.6
<P><I>Introduction:</I> Evaluation of luminal temperature during left atrial ablation is used clinically; however, luminal temperature does not necessarily reflect temperature within the esophageal wall and poses a risk of atrioesophageal fistula. This animal study evaluates luminal esophageal temperature and its relation to the temperature of the external esophageal tissue during left atrial lesions using the 8 mm solid tip and the open irrigated tip catheters (OIC).</P><P><I>Methods and Results:</I> A thermocouple was secured to the external surface of the esophagus at the level of the left atrium of the dogs. Luminal esophageal temperature was measured using a standard temperature probe. In four randomized dogs, lesions were placed using an 8 mm solid tip ablation catheter. In six randomized dogs, lesions were placed using the 3.5 mm OIC. The average peak esophageal tissue temperature when using the OIC was significantly higher than that of the 8 mm tip catheter (88.6°C ± 15.0°C vs. 62.3°C ± 12.5°C, P < 0.05). Both OIC and 8 mm tip catheter had significantly higher peak tissue temperatures than luminal temperatures (OIC: 88.6°C ± 15.0°C vs 39.7°C ± 0.82°C, P < 0.05) (8 mm: 62.3°C ± 12.5°C vs 39.0 ± 0.5°C, P < 0.05). Both catheters achieved peak temperatures faster in the tissue as compared to the lumen of the esophagus, although the tissue temperature peaked significantly faster for the OIC (OIC: 25 seconds vs 90 seconds, P < 0.05) (8 mm: 63 seconds vs 105 seconds, P < 0.05).</P><P><I>Conclusion:</I> Despite the significant difference in actual tissue temperatures, no significant difference was observed in luminal temperatures between the OIC and 8 mm tip catheter.</P>
Los Niños a Trabajar, ¿Y las Niñas? Trabajo Infantil en Guadalajara
Patricia Murrieta-Cummings 계명대학교 국제학연구소 2012 국제학논총 Vol.17 No.-
The literature on child labor grew significantly since the 1980s. However, despite the differences observed between boys and girls working in the street, these differences have not been studied in greater depth. Based on descriptive statistics, I argue for the need to incorporate a gender perspective to the study of child labor. To achieve my goal, I take into account the relationship between work and school attendance, and argue that cultural aspects influence parents’ decision about schooling and child labor. My hypothesis is that the smaller presence of girls working on the street can be understood as a result of a social-exclusion process strongly embedded in a culture, in which women’s role and responsibilities are socially defined and limited in such a way that a significant part of their work is not visible.
Child Labor and Household Composition
Patricia Murrieta Cummings 한국라틴아메리카학회 2016 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.29 No.3
Despite the positive effects of some social programs based on conditional cash transfers, child labor in Mexico has not decreased as expected. This could be explained in part as a result of the high poverty levels in which most of the population lives. However, children do not necessarily work in all of the affected families. Using the database of Child Labor Modules 2009, 2011 and 2013 (hereafter MTI), this study provides an estimation of the determinants of child labor for children between 5 and 17 years old in Mexico. We find that small differences in the perceived opportunity cost of schooling have a significant impact on child labor. Other factors such as family structure and parents’ educational level exert influence as well. The results also show that by using different definitions of child labor, the probability that a minor will work varies significantly by gender.
A New Direction for Scholarship in the University in the Twenty First Century
Neville, Robert Cummings Jeonju University Press 1994 Jeonju University Journal Vol.1 No.1
President, Members of the University, Guests, and Friends; the honor of your invitation to address the anniversary celebration of this university is one for which I am deeply grateful. The honor is made all the greater by the topic you have assigned for this address, which I take seriously in all its parts: A New Direction for Scholarship in the University in the Twenty First Century. That you are inquiring about new directions means that you recognize the need to anticipate altered conditions and to be prepared to change the course of the university to meet them. Most universities feel themselves lucky to be able to respond to yesterday's crises, and I congratulate you on the youthful flexibility of your approach, despite the fact you are celebrating an anniversary. That you are interested in scholarship rather than teaching alone means that you recognize the critical function of universities to advance knowledge, not just to present old learning, and not just to meet the needs of student to prepare themselves for a demanding economic world.
Correlates of Depression and Anxiety among Older Public Housing Residents
Sherry M. Cummings,R. Lyle Cooper,Shannon Trecartin 이화여자대학교 사회과학연구소 2014 사회과학연구논총 Vol.30 No.2
Older adults represent the fastest growing segment of the worldwide population. Mental health disorders present a major challenge to older individuals. Depression and anxiety are two of the most common mental health problems experienced by the older population and give rise to high impact adverse consequences, such as decreased quality of life and increased mortality. Poverty level older adults suffer from higher rates of mental health disorders than do their more highly resourced counterparts. Given worldwide growth of the older population an increasing number of low-income elderly live in public housing. This study examined the prevalence of depression and anxiety in older public housing residents and explored factors related to these disorders within context of the Social Antecedents Model of Psychopathology (SAMP). The SAMP posits a multi-stage model of cumulative demographic, behavioral and social factors that represent mental health risk correlates, with more proximal factors representing greater risk (George, 1989). Study participants included 187 older adults residing in two public housing facilities located in a mid-size city in the southeast United States. Data was gathered concerning residents’ demographic characteristics, psychiatric symptomatology, substance usage, health conditions, and social support via face-to-face interviews. The majority of the residents were male and the average age was 66.2 years (SD= 7.6). Residents reported high levels of clinically significant depression (20.1%) and anxiety (10%). Generalized linear models (GZLM) were used to identify variables that significantly predicted depression and anxiety among the residents. Social support, self-rated health, pain, years smoking, and opioid misuse were significant predictors of depression scores (LR x2(11) = 90.4, p <.001) while age, employment, pain, medical conditions, IADLs, and benzodiazepine misuse significantly predicted anxiety scores (LR x2(13) =110.857, p <.001). Study findings partially supported the SAMP model. Implications for research and practice are discussed.