Inhibition of Acidic Ribosomal Phosphoprotein P1 Expression Reduces Translational Efficiency and Cell Proliferation of Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts

Crowe, David L.,Cui, Xiao-Mei,Shuler, Charles F. Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 1998 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.23 No.2

Acidic ribosomal proteins interact with multiple translation factors to regulate protein synthesis in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. We have isolated and sequenced the complete cDNA of the mouse acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P1 (mARP P1). The 495 base pair cDNA encodes a single open reading frame of 114 amino acids. Northern amalysis revealed a messenger RNA of appropriate size expressed in all tissues. Stable transfection of 3T3 cells with a vector containing an antisense mARP P1 construct reduced expression of the mRNA by 90%. Cells expressing the antisense construct did not incorporate radiolabeled methionine as efficiently as 3T3s transfected with vector alone. Cells expressing the antisense construct were also less prolifeeerative in vitro. Anlaysis of the deduced sequence and comparison to P proteins from other organisms revealed homology to the L12eILA protein in yeast. The carboxy termini of these proteins are highly conserved across species. The central alanine rich region of the mouse P1 protein likely evlived through duplications of a conserved sequence and may represent evolutionary modifications of an ancestral gene.

Translational Inhibition Enhances mRNA Stability of the Retinoic Acid (RA) Responsive Keratin 18 Gene Expressed by Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lines but Blocks RA Dependent Stabilization

Crowe, David L.,Shuler, Charles F. Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 1997 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.22 No.3

The keratin intermediate filament K18 has been implicated in tumor cell invasion and resistance to chemotherapy. K18 is normally not expressed in adult stratified squamous epithelium, but is reactivated in carcinomas arising from this tissue (SCCs). To understand the role of K18 in the malignant phenotype of SCCs, it is necessary to understand how expression of this gene is regulated in these cells. The vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (R4) regulates keratin expression through both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. RA has been shown to stabilize keratin mRNAs by as yet undefined mechanisms. Studies have shown that translation plays an important role in regulating mRNA stability. To begin to elucidate the mechanisms by which R4 exerts its posttranscriptional effects, we examined how translational inhibition affects the mRNA stability of the R4 responsive keratin 18 gene (K18) in SCC25 cells. Cycloheximide (CHX)-induced translational inhibition enhanced K18 gene expression by mRNA stabilization. CHX blocked the R4 induced stabilization of K18 transcripts, indicating that a newly synthesized or labile protein was required for R4 to mediate this effect. These studies point to the existence of multiple mRNA stabilization pathways in these cells and provide further evidence for the existence of R4 dependent factors that regulate target gene expression at the posttranscriptional level.

Optical Biopsy of Peripheral Nerve Using Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy: A New Tool for Nerve Surgeons?

Crowe, Christopher S,Liao, Joseph C,Curtin, Catherine M Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2015 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.42 No.5

Peripheral nerve injuries remain a challenge for reconstructive surgeons with many patients obtaining suboptimal results. Understanding the level of injury is imperative for successful repair. Current methods for distinguishing healthy from damaged nerve are time consuming and possess limited efficacy. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an emerging optical biopsy technology that enables dynamic, high resolution, sub-surface imaging of live tissue. Porcine sciatic nerve was either left undamaged or briefly clamped to simulate injury. Diluted fluorescein was applied topically to the nerve. CLE imaging was performed by direct contact of the probe with nerve tissue. Images representative of both damaged and undamaged nerve fibers were collected and compared to routine H&E histology. Optical biopsy of undamaged nerve revealed bands of longitudinal nerve fibers, distinct from surrounding adipose and connective tissue. When damaged, these bands appear truncated and terminate in blebs of opacity. H&E staining revealed similar features in damaged nerve fibers. These results prompt development of a protocol for imaging peripheral nerves intraoperatively. To this end, improving surgeons' ability to understand the level of injury through real-time imaging will allow for faster and more informed operative decisions than the current standard permits.

Guidance and Counseling in Aotearoa, New Zealand, Secondary Schools: Revisiting the Issues

Ada Crowe 한국상담학회 2014 Journal of Asia Pacific counseling Vol.4 No.2

The changes in education policies in Aotearoa, New Zealand, since the 1980s have significantly affected guidance and counseling in secondary schools, leading to variations in provision and effectiveness. Issues being faced by school guidance counselors were identified in “Guidance and Counselling in New Zealand Secondary Schools: Exploring the Issues,” which represented a call for an external government authority who understood guidance and counseling and their value in schools to create national guidelines and standards for this work (Crowe, 2006). This 2014 article revisits the issues and reports on the findings and recommendations of a 2013 evaluation of guidance and counseling in Aotearoa, New Zealand secondary schools. The government requested the evaluation in response to the need to provide good guidance and counseling for young people at risk of developing mental health issues. The results and recommendations from the evaluation have highlighted the issues being faced by guidance counselors, other guidance staff, and their schools. The effectiveness of guidance and counseling in schools in Aotearoa, New Zealand will depend upon the implementation of the recommendations made in the report to the Ministry of Education, and, in particular, the review of the guidance staffing formula and the establishment of guidelines/expectations for schools/wharekura regarding the provision of guidance and counseling.

自然法의 探求

M. B. 크로우(Michael B. Crowe) 광주가톨릭대학교 신학연구소 1977 神學展望 Vol.- No.39

Systemic and Adipose Tissue Redox Status in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed Normal- and High-Fat Diets Supplemented with Lycopene

Katelyn E. Senkus,Libo Tan,Kristi M. Crowe-White 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.4

Dietary patterns high in fat influence local and systemic oxidative stress through adipose tissue (AT) accrual and increased reactive oxygen species generation. Lycopene, a carotenoid with antioxidant functionality, may mitigate excess oxidative stress, yet the lipophilic nature of this compound may limit its functionality if sequestered by AT. Thus, it is critical to elucidate whether lycopene's efficacy is limited based on adiposity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of lycopene-supplemented normal- and high-fat diets on systemic and AT redox status. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 18) were fed a 30% normal-fat (NFD) or 60% high-fat (HFD) purified diet supplemented with 100 mg of lycopene/day. Body weight and visceral AT mass, as well as serum and AT lycopene, lipid peroxides, and antioxidant capacity (AC), were assessed after 3, 7, and 10 weeks of supplementation. At week 10, AT mass was significantly higher (P = .028) in the HFD group, yet there were no significant differences in serum or AT lycopene concentrations or lipid peroxides between groups. Additionally, AT in the HFD group exhibited significantly greater lipophilic AC (27.6% higher, P = .031). Results suggest that excess adiposity did not negatively influence circulating lycopene, nor did it limit its antioxidant functionality.

Comparative Performance of the Reverse Algorithm Using Architect Syphilis TP Versus the Traditional Algorithm Using Rapid Plasma Reagin in Florida’s Public Health Testing Population

Yolanda R. Totten,Bonnie M. Hardy,Berry Bennett,Marie-Claire Rowlinson,,Susanne Crowe, 대한진단검사의학회 2019 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.39 No.4

In Florida, where syphilis is a reportable disease, the number of primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis cases has increased from 3,266 in 2008–2010 to 5,340 in 2013–2015, a 63% increase. The objective of this study was to compare the performance and sensitivity of the syphilis reverse algorithm with the traditional algorithm for detecting P&S (infectious) syphilis cases. Clinical specimens from individuals who self-referred for syphilis testing at public health clinics were processed using the traditional algorithm (non-treponemal rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test followed by a confirmatory treponemal (EIA) test) and then further tested with the Architect Syphilis TP (ASTP) immunoassay (Abbott Diagnostics, Chicago, IL, USA) or by RPR confirmation, if needed (reverse algorithm). Of 1,079 specimens, 59 were positive for syphilis. The sensitivity of the reverse algorithm was 98.3% (58/59) and of the traditional algorithm was 72.9% (43/59). Based on clinical evidence, of the 16 traditional algorithm-negative but reverse algorithm-positive cases, 68.8% (11/16) were classified as missed P&S infections (treatment naïve) and 31.2% (5/16) were classified as missed past syphilis (latent or infections with documented linkage to care). The reverse algorithm enables the detection of additional P&S syphilis cases missed by our current traditional algorithm.

Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes from Asian countries: pooled data from four phase III trials

Yoon, Kun‐,Ho,Nishimura, Rimei,Lee, Jisoo,Crowe, Susanne,Salsali, Afshin,Hach, Thomas,Woerle, Hans J. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2016 DIABETES OBESITY AND METABOLISM Vol.18 No.10

<P>We investigated the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin over 24 weeks in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using pooled data from four phase III trials. In these trials, patients were randomized to receive empagliflozin 10 mg, empagliflozin 25 mg or placebo as monotherapy or add‐on to metformin, metformin plus sulphonylurea or pioglitazone ± metformin. In total, 1326 patients from Asia received ≥1 dose of study drug. At week 24, adjusted mean differences versus placebo in change from baseline in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were −0.66% [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.76, −0.56] and −0.73% (95% CI −0.83, −0.64) and in weight were −1.6 kg (95% CI −1.9, −1.3) and −1.8 kg (95% CI −2.1, −1.5) with empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg, respectively (all p < 0.001). Empagliflozin significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The proportion of patients reporting ≥1 adverse event was similar across treatment groups, but events consistent with genital infection were more common in patients treated with empagliflozin 10 mg (3.4%) or 25 mg (2.3%) than placebo (0.9%). Thus in Asian patients with T2DM, empagliflozin reduced HbA1c, weight and blood pressure, and was well tolerated.</P>

Use of Paclitaxel Eluting Stents in Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Pilot Study

Krystal Dinh,Shannon D. Thomas,Tae Cho,John Swinnen,Phillip Crowe,Ramon L. Varcoe 대한혈관외과학회 2019 Vascular Specialist International Vol.35 No.4

Purpose: We report short-term patency outcomes of a proof of concept study conducted to determine the efficacy of drug-eluting stent (DES) for the treatment of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) stenosis in hemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective observational study involving 10 patients with AVF dysfunction treated with DESs between January 2017 and December 2017. The primary outcome was AVF patency confirmed by sonographic and clinical assessment at 1 month and 6 to 9 months after treatment. Results: A total of 12 DESs were deployed in 10 patients with dysfunctional AVF (radiocephalic: 7, brachiocephalic: 3). During the early follow up (mean: 28.6 days), primary access circuit and DES patency was 100%, with an average volume flow rate of 886.4 mL/min. Nine patients were available for short-term follow up (mean: 202.4 days; 1 unrelated death), with a mean volume flow rate of 1,048.9 mL/min. The primary DES patency was 7/9 (77.8%), and 3 patients required angioplasty at other parts of the circuit (primary access circuit patency: 4/9 [44.4%]). The assisted primary access circuit patency was 77.8%. In 2 patients, the ultrasound revealed that the DESs were thrombosed without any antecedent stenosis; they were salvaged with angioplasty. Both patients previously underwent 2 DESs implanted and recently stopped dual antiplatelet therapy. B-mode sonographic assessment at all timepoints showed minimal intimal ingrowth on the stent struts. Conclusion: This study demonstrates acceptable short-term patency for DESs in the treatment of AVF stenosis. Dual antiplatelet therapy is probably mandatory in the short term.

Immune correlates of protection for dengue: State of the art and research agenda

Katzelnick, Leah C.,Harris, Eva,Baric, Ralph,Coller, Beth-Ann,Coloma, Josefina,Crowe Jr., James E.,Cummings Jr., Derek A.T.,Dean Jr., Hansi,de Silva Jr., Aravinda,Diamond Jr., Michael S.,Durbin Jr., A Elsevier 2017 Vaccine Vol.35 No.36

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Dengue viruses (DENV1-4) are mosquito-borne flaviviruses estimated to cause up to ∼400 million infections and ∼100 million dengue cases each year. Factors that contribute to protection from and risk of dengue and severe dengue disease have been studied extensively but are still not fully understood. Results from Phase 3 vaccine efficacy trials have recently become available for one vaccine candidate, now licensed for use in several countries, and more Phase 2 and 3 studies of additional vaccine candidates are ongoing, making these issues all the more urgent and timely. At the “<I>Summit on Dengue Immune Correlates of Protection</I>”, held in Annecy, France, on March 8–9, 2016, dengue experts from diverse fields came together to discuss the current understanding of the immune response to and protection from DENV infection and disease, identify key unanswered questions, discuss data on immune correlates and plans for comparison of results across assays/consortia, and propose a research agenda for investigation of dengue immune correlates, all in the context of both natural infection studies and vaccine trials.</P>