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( Jace Crouch ) 부산외국어대학교 지중해연구소 2010 The Mediterranean Review Vol.3 No.1
The Visigothic judicial punishment known as decalvation has been widely studied for more than a century, yet there exists no general agreement concerning its exact nature, Scholars concur that decalvation involved a shameful mutilation of the head and hair, but there is disagreement about whether the punishment involved scalping or merely shaving one`s head, Some well-known texts seem to suggest scalping, but several little-known passages from Isidore of Seville and the Lex Visigothorum clearly indicate that enduring decalvation did not preclude one`s hair from growing back, and that decalvation could be inflicted on a malefactor more than once. Additionally, a thirteenth century Castilian translation of the Lex Visigothorum renders decalvation as rayanle la cabeza, shaving the head. These and other medieval texts support my contention that in the Visigothic kingdom decalvation normally involved shaving the head, or perhaps shearing the hair very closely, but that it did not normally involve scalping.
Wake Flows of Highly Detailed Heavy Vehicles
McArthur Damien,Burton David,Crouch Timothy,Thompson Mark,Sheridan John 한국자동차공학회 2021 International journal of automotive technology Vol.22 No.5
This work presents a detailed wind tunnel investigation into the nature of the unsteady flow mechanisms that dictate the aerodynamic forces acting on prime-mover trailer heavy vehicles fitted with various passive flow control devices. This work builds on the current understating of the wake flow physics of heavy vehicles that until now has primarily been developed from studies utilising highly simplified geometries or time-averaged findings with realistic geometries. Unsteady base-surface and wake pressure measurements reveal how the time-averaged and unsteady flow field responds to the addition of passive aerodynamic devices that have been shown to be effective on operational heavy vehicles for improving fuel economy and reducing emissions. In comparing turbulent wake statistics and unsteady modes the time-averaged and unsteady flow response is linked directly to the measured changes in the aerodynamic drag coefficient thorough surface pressure and force measurement. The large variation in the wake structure and dynamics observed between test configurations highlights the importance of considering the detailed geometry of heavy vehicles when looking to develop advanced aerodynamic control devices that would provide benefits above and beyond those focused on in this study.
Basandrai, A.K.,Pande, S.,Kishore, G. Krishna,Crouch, J.H.,Basandrai, D. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2005 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.21 No.3
Cultural, morphological and pathogenic variation in Indian isolates of Ascochyta rabiei, the causal agent of blight of chickpea, was investigated. Fungal isolates representative of seven agroclimatic regions in north western plain zones (NWPZ) of India showed variation in colony colour as mouse gray with green hue, light mouse gray with slate gray centre and gray with dark brown centre, when grown on chickpea dextrose agar (CDA). Conidiomatal color of the isolates varied from brown to slate gray and black. The number of conidiomata and conidia formed on CDA ranged from 49.7 to 90.7 and $5.5\times10^4\;to\;3\times10^5cm^{-2}$, respectively. The size of conidiomata and conidia of A. rabiei isolates varied from $274\times232{\mu}m\;to\;156\times116{\mu}m$, and from $14.0\times6.2{\mu}m\;to\;10.7\times4.6{\mu}m$, respectively. Fourteen A. rabiei isolates from the seven agroclimatic regions of NWPZ were evaluated for their virulence on 180 chickpea genotypes in controlled environment. Cluster analysis based on the disease rating on a 1-9 scale indicated higher similarity coefficient (> 0.65) between isolates from different agroecological regions, while few isolates from the same region had less similarity. The 14 isolates were grouped into eight pathotypes at > 0.5 similarity coefficient. Sixteen genotypes were identified as probable differentials to distinguish A. rabiei isolates.
A. K. Basandrai,S. Pande,G. Krishna Kishore,J. H. Crouch,D. Basandrai 한국식물병리학회 2005 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.21 No.3
Cultural, morphological and pathogenic variation in Indian isolates of Ascochyta rabiei, the causal agent of blight of chickpea, was investigated. Fungal isolates representative of seven agroclimatic regions in north western plain zones (NWPZ) of India showed variation in colony colour as mouse gray with green hue, light mouse gray with slate gray centre and gray with dark brown centre, when grown on chickpea dextrose agar (CDA). Conidiomatal color of the isolates varied from brown to slate gray and black. The number of conidiomata and conidia formed on CDA ranged from 49.7 to 90.7 and 5.5 × 104 to 3 × 105 cm−2, respectively.The size of conidiomata and conidia of A. rabiei isolates varied from 274 × 232 µm to 156 × 116 µm, and from 14.0 × 6.2 µm to 10.7 × 4.6 µm, respectively. Fourteen A.rabiei isolates from the seven agroclimatic regions of NWPZ were evaluated for their virulence on 180 chickpea genotypes in controlled environment. Cluster analysis based on the disease rating on a 1-9 scale indicated higher similarity coefficient (> 0.65) between isolates from different agroecological regions, while few isolates from the same region had less similarity. The 14 isolates were grouped into eight pathotypes at > 0.5 similarity coefficient. Sixteen genotypes were identified as probable differentials to distinguish A. rabiei isolates.
Widespread Occurrence of a CYP51A Pseudogene in Calonectria pseudonaviculata
( Stefanos Stravoravdis ),( Nicholas R. Leblanc ),( Robert E. Marra ),( Jo Anne Crouch ),( Jonathan P. Hulvey ) 한국균학회 2020 Mycobiology Vol.48 No.1
Calonectria pseudonaviculata and C. henricotiae are two closely related fungal species responsible for boxwood blight disease of ornamental shrubs (Buxus spp.) in the U.S. and Europe. A previous study has shown isolates of the latter species, which is restricted to Europe, to be less sensitive to tetraconazole, an azole fungicide. In this study, we have analyzed the CYP51 paralogs for polymorphism in 26 genomes, representing geographically disparate populations of C. pseudonaviculata (n=19) and C. henricotiae (n=7), from the U.S., Europe, Asia, and New Zealand. The presence of a CYP51A pseudogene and lack of a functional CYP51A paralog in all C. pseudonaviculata genomes examined is a novel discovery for fungi and could have implications for the evolution of resistance to antifungal chemicals.