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Cook, Seung Eun,Park, In Kyu,Kim, Eun Mi,Jeong, Hwan Jeong,Park, Tae Gwan,Choi, Yun Jaie,Akaike, Toshihiro,Cho, Chong Su Elsevier 2005 Journal of controlled release Vol.105 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Polyethylenimine (PEI) has been used for the gene delivery system in vitro and in vivo since it has high transfection efficiency owing to proton buffer capacity. However, the use of PEI for gene delivery is limited due to cytotoxicity, non-specificity and unnecessary interaction with serum components. To overcome cytotoxicity and non-specificity, PEI was coupled with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as the hydrophilic group to reduce cytotoxicity and lactose bearing galactose group for hepatocyte targeting. The galactosylated-PEI-<I>graft</I>-PVP (GPP) was complexed with DNA, and GPP/DNA complexes were characterized. GPP showed good DNA binding ability, high protection of DNA from nuclease attack. The sizes of DNA complexes show tendency to decrease with an increase of charge ratio and had a minimum value around 59 nm at the charge ratio of 40 for the GPP-1/DNA complex (PVP content: 4.1 mol%). The GPP showed low cytotoxicity. And GPP/DNA complexes were mediated by asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGP-R)-mediated endocytosis. Also, the transfection efficiency of GPP-1/DNA complex at charge ratio of 40 in the HepG2 was higher than that of PEI/DNA one.</P>
Gallozeolite 촉매에 의한 저급탄화수소의 방향족화합물로의 전환반응
김진환,서곤,김재승,박남국 한국화학공학회 1989 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.27 No.3
실리카라이트의 실리콘 대신 갈륨이 치환된 갈로젠올라이트 촉매상에서 프로필렌, 프로판 및 n-펜탄의 방향족화합물로의 전환반응을 연구하였다. 암모니아와 프로필렌의 TPD 및 반응물질의 유효확산계수와 관련하여 갈로제올라이트의 반응별 촉매특성을 조사하였다. 방향족화합물의 선택도는 HZSM-5에 비하여 갈륨이 치환된 촉매에서 더 컸으며 갈륨의 치환효과는 프로판>n-펜탄>프로필렌의 순으로 나타났다. 갈로제올라이트에서는 반응물인 저급탄화수소의 유효확산계수와 올레핀의 흡착세기가 크기 때문에 방향족화합물의 선택도가 커진 것으로 고찰되었다. Catalytic conversions of propylene, propane and n-pentane to aromatic hydrocarbons over gallium-substituted silicalites were studied. Temperature-programmed desorptions (TPD) with ammonia and propylene and intracrystalline effective diffusivity measurements of reactants were carried out to investigate the catalytic properties of gallozeolites for each reaction. The selectivity for aromatic compounds was higher over the gallium-substituted catalysts than over HZSM-5 and the effect of gallium on the selectivity for aromatic compounds was found to be in the order of propane > n-pentane > propylene. It was explained that the higher selectivity for aromatic compounds over gallozeolites might be attributed to great adsorption strengths of olefins and high effective diffusivities of lower hydrocarbons.
How to measure the effectiveness of online advertising in online marketplaces
Park sung sik,Kim cook hwan,Lie chang hoon 대한산업공학회 2009 대한산업공학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10
The online marketplace, in the form of an “open market” where a very large number of buyers and sellers participate, has occupied a rapidly increasing position in e-commerce, resulting in sellers’ increasing investment in online advertising. Hence, there is a growing need to identify the effectiveness of online advertising in online marketplaces such as eBay.com. However, it is problematic to directly apply the existing online advertising effect models to the click-through data of online marketplaces. Therefore, a model must be developed to estimate the effectiveness of online advertising in the online marketplace in terms of its characteristics. In this paper, we develop an analytical Bayesian approach to modeling clickthrough data by employing the Poisson-gamma distribution. Our results have implications for online advertising effect measurement, and may help guide advertisers in decision-making.
Glucosylated Polyethylenimine as a Tumor-Targeting Gene Carrier
Park In-Kyu,Cook Seung-Eun,Kim You-Kyoung,Kim Hyun-Woo,Cho Myung-Haing,Jeong Hwan-Jeong,Kim Eun-Mi,Nah Jae-Woon,Bom Hee-Seung,Cho Chong-Su The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.11
Glucosylated polyethylenimine (GPEI) was synthesized as a tumor-targeting gene carrier through facilitative glucose metabolism by tumor glucose transporter. Particle sizes of GPEI/DNA complex increased in proportion to glucose content of GPEI, whereas surface charge of the complex was not dependent on glucosylation, partially due to inefficient shielding of the short hydrophilic group introduced. GPEI with higher glucosylation (36 mol-$\%$) had no cytotoxic effect on cells even at polymer concentrations higher than 200 $\mu$g/mL. Compared to unglucosylated PEl. glucosylation induced less than one-order decrease of transfection efficiency. Transfection of GPEI/DNA complex into tumor cells possibly occurred through specific interaction between glucose-related cell receptors and glucose moiety of GPEI. Gamma imaging technique revealed GPEI/DNA complex was distributed in liver. spleen. and tumors.
공공부문 성과관리제도의 수용성과 효과성 인식에 관한 경험적 연구
국경복(Kyung-bok Cook),목진휴(Jin W. Mok),이석환(Seok-Hwan Lee) 한국정책분석평가학회 2007 政策分析評價學會報 Vol.17 No.3
While there is a growing number of studies on BSC(Balanced Score Card) in the public sector, there has been little efforts to identify where the organization navigates after the introduction of BSC. Much has been discussed about the pros and cons in BSC, but little has been discussed about how people are willing to accept the BSC and perceive the organizational effectiveness at work under the BSC environment. From such a point of view, this study argues that performance coaching and perceived linkages among vision, strategies, and KPIs matter when they come to willingness to accept and perceived effectiveness at work. Based on the survey of public officials in the Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs, this study finds that getting organizational members involved in building performance management system, while it is important to cascade appropriate KPIs to middle level positions. Various findings are identified and implications discussed.
Park, In-Kyu,Jiang, Hu-Lin,Cook, Seung-Eun,Cho, Myung-Haing,Kim, Su-Il,Jeong, Hwan-Jeong,Akaike, Toshihiro,Cho , Chong-Su The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2004 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.27 No.12
Galactosylated chitosan-graft-poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (GCPVP) was synthesized and characterized for hepatocyte-targeting gene carrier. GCPVP itself as well as GCPVP/DNA complex had negligible cytotoxicity regardless of the concentration of GCPVP and the charge ratio, but GCPVP/DNA complex had slightly cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells only in the case of the higher charge ratio and 20 mM of $Ca^{2+}$ concentration used. Through the confocal laser scanning microscopy, it is shown that the endocytosis by interaction between galactose ligands of GCPVP and ASGPR of the hepatocytes was the major route of transfection of GCPVP/F-plasmid complexes.