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Sheng-Hsiang Lin,Ping-Hung Kuo,Sow-Hsong Kuo,Pan-Chyr Yang 연세대학교의과대학 2009 Yonsei medical journal Vol.50 No.5
Purpose: The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) uses the post-bronchodilator spirometry for diagnosis and severity staging. We evaluated differences in the severity classification of COPD, based on pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry. Materials and Methods: From 2000 to 2004, 207 COPD patients who underwent spirometry before and after inhalation of 400 μg of fenoterol were analyzed. A responder to the bronchodilator test (BDT) was defined by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) as an increase in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) or forced vital capacity ≥ 12% and ≥ 200 mL, and by the European Respiratory Society (ERS) as an increase in FEV1 ≥ 10% of the predicted value. COPD severity was classified according to the 2008 GOLD guidelines. Results: For the entire study population, the FEV1 increased by 11.8 ± 12.5% of baseline after BDT and 41.1% and 27.1% of subjects were classified as responders using the ATS and ERS criteria, respectively. Based on pre-BDT spirometry, 55, 85, 58, and 9 patients were classified as Stage I-IV COPD, respectively. Sixty-seven (32.4%) patients changed severity staging after BDT, including 20.0%, 28.2%, 44.8%, and 66.7% of pre-BDT patients Stages I through IV, respectively. More ATS or ERS BDT-responders had a change in severity staging than non-responders (52.9% vs. 18.9% and 62.5% vs. 21.2%, both p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our data suggest that the severity staging of COPD using pre-BDT spirometry might lead to significant differences as compared to staging, based on post-BDT spirometry, as recommended by the current GOLD guidelines. Purpose: The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) uses the post-bronchodilator spirometry for diagnosis and severity staging. We evaluated differences in the severity classification of COPD, based on pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry. Materials and Methods: From 2000 to 2004, 207 COPD patients who underwent spirometry before and after inhalation of 400 μg of fenoterol were analyzed. A responder to the bronchodilator test (BDT) was defined by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) as an increase in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) or forced vital capacity ≥ 12% and ≥ 200 mL, and by the European Respiratory Society (ERS) as an increase in FEV1 ≥ 10% of the predicted value. COPD severity was classified according to the 2008 GOLD guidelines. Results: For the entire study population, the FEV1 increased by 11.8 ± 12.5% of baseline after BDT and 41.1% and 27.1% of subjects were classified as responders using the ATS and ERS criteria, respectively. Based on pre-BDT spirometry, 55, 85, 58, and 9 patients were classified as Stage I-IV COPD, respectively. Sixty-seven (32.4%) patients changed severity staging after BDT, including 20.0%, 28.2%, 44.8%, and 66.7% of pre-BDT patients Stages I through IV, respectively. More ATS or ERS BDT-responders had a change in severity staging than non-responders (52.9% vs. 18.9% and 62.5% vs. 21.2%, both p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our data suggest that the severity staging of COPD using pre-BDT spirometry might lead to significant differences as compared to staging, based on post-BDT spirometry, as recommended by the current GOLD guidelines.
Effects of Free-range Farming on Carcass and Meat Qualities of Black-feathered Taiwan Native Chicken
Cheng, F.Y.,Huang, C.W.,Wan, T.C.,Liu, Y.T.,Lin, L.C.,Lou Chyr, Chu-Ying Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.8
The effects of free-range farming, compared to a conventional production system, on carcass and meat qualities were studied using black-feathered Taiwan native chickens. Twenty 16-week old females were purchased separately from a free-range farm and a conventional production farm and used for this study. The results showed similarities in the live weight (roughly 2.1 kg), dressing percentage (69%) and meat percentage (19%) of deboned leg quarter. Significant differences (p<0.05) found for the free-range chickens included: a higher percentage of meat for the breast, an increased crude protein content and chewiness value for the breast, but decreased crude fat content and lower hardness and fracturablility values for the leg quarter. Significantly higher L* values were found for the breast and leg meat of conventionally produced chickens, whereas no significant differences were found for WHC and purge loss between the breast and the leg, and between the two production systems as well. Results of sensory evaluation showed a significant preference for leg over breast meat (p<0.05). The scores of all the attributes including aroma, flavor, firmness, tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability of leg meat from free-range chickens were slightly higher than for conventional chickens, while the reverse was true for breast meat, though no significant difference could be found. Free-range Taiwan native chicken appeared to yield the best of the results, with flavorful yet tender leg meat for higher sensory satisfaction, and high-protein but low-fat breast meat for healthier diet choice.