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한국어 발화 말 담화표지 연구 - 감탄사 유래 담화표지를 중심으로 -
한춘매 ( Han¸ Chun-mei ) 반교어문학회 2021 泮橋語文硏究 Vol.- No.58
담화표지는 담화에서 다양한 화용적 기능을 수행한다. 모든 언어에 존재하는 초분절음인 억양도 담화에서 여러 가지 기능을 한다. 이 글에서는 발화 말 위치에서 주로 실현되는 감탄사 유래 담화표지를 연구 대상으로 그에 얹힌 운율 양상을 살펴보고 담화의 상황과 결부하여 실제 발화에서 어떤 담화 기능을 수행하는지 알아본다. 이를 통해 운율 특성과 담화 기능의 관련성도 살펴본다. 그리고 유형론적인 측면에서 다른 언어들과 비교 분석을 진행하여 한국어 발화 말 담화표지의 보편성과 특수성에 대해 논의하고자 한다. 운율 특성과 담화 기능의 관련성 고찰은 담화표지의 전반적 측면의 연구에 도움을 줄 수 있다. 유형론의 이론에 기초한 연구는 또 한국어 발화 말 담화표지 내지는 한국어의 본질적인 특성을 알아내는데 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다. Discourse markers play a variety of pragmatic functions in discourse. Supersonic intonation in all languages also has many functions in conversation. In this paper, we focus on discourse markers originating from interjections, which occur at the end of sentences, and look at the prosody patterns on it, find out what discourse functions are performed in real speech in conjunction with the situation of discourse. Through this, we should also discuss the correlation between prosodic features and discourse function. In addition, from the perspective of typology, we make a comparative analysis with other languages to explore the universality and particularity of Korean discourse markers. The consideration of the relevance of prosody characteristics and discourse functions can assist in the study of the overall aspects of discourse markers. The research based on typology theory is also helpful to discover the characteristics of discourse markers and even the essential characteristics of Korean.
Effect of β-carotene on Nicotine-Induced Embryotoxicities in Mouse Embryos
Chunmei Lin,Jung-Min Yon,A Young Jung,Jong Geol Lee,Ki Youn Jung,Beom Jun Lee,Young Won Yun,Sang-Yoon Nam 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1
Nicotine, a major teratogen of cigarettes smoke induces embryonic abnormalities during the early stages of organogenesis. In this study, the protective effect of β-carotene against nicotine–induced embryos was evaluated by morphologic scoring, nile blue staining, lipid peroxidation, SOD activity assay and real-time PCR. The embryos exposed to nicotine (1 μM) revealed remarkable morphological anomalies compared to normal control group (p<0.05), but when β-carotene (1×10‒4 μM or 5×10‒4 μM) was added concurrently to the embryos exposed to nicotine, morphological parameters were significantly improved (p<0.05). Nicotine induced oxidative stress by increased lipid peroxidation, expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), caspases-3 and decreased SOD activity. However, administration of β-carotene (1×10‒4 μM or 5×10‒4 μM) restored the SOD level and decreased oxidative damage in the embryos. These results indicate that β-carotene effectively counteracts the deleterious effects of nicotine on embryos and attenuates oxidative damage possibly through its antioxidant effects.
Existence and uniqueness of positive solutions for singular three-point boundary value problems
Chunmei Miao,Weigao Ge 한국전산응용수학회 2009 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.27 No.3
In this paper, the singular three-point boundary value problem u〃(t) + f(t,u) = 0, t 2 (0, 1), u(0) = 0, u(1) = αu(η), is studied, where 0 < η < 1, α > 0, f(t, u) may be singular at u = 0. By mixed monotone method, the existence and uniqueness are established for the above singular three-point boundary value problems. The theorems obtained are very general and complement previous know results. In this paper, the singular three-point boundary value problem u〃(t) + f(t,u) = 0, t 2 (0, 1), u(0) = 0, u(1) = αu(η), is studied, where 0 < η < 1, α > 0, f(t, u) may be singular at u = 0. By mixed monotone method, the existence and uniqueness are established for the above singular three-point boundary value problems. The theorems obtained are very general and complement previous know results.
Chunmei Chen,Wei He,Lijing Ding,Xiaohui Song,Jinhui Huang,Tao Wang,Guoren Huang 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.3
The structural, elastic, thermodynamic and electronic properties of the Ti15−xMoxSn compounds were systematically investigated by means of first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT). The calculated results demonstrate the Ti15−xMoxSn compounds still remain the stable β phase structure. The calculation of cohesive energy shows that the structural stability of the Ti15−xMoxSn compounds increases apparently with the increase of Mo content. According to Hooke's law, the single crystal elastic constants were obtained and show that all the calculated compounds keep mechanical stability. Then the bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, Young's modulus E and Poisson's ratio ν of polycrystalline aggregates were calculated at zero pressure. The calculated results show that among these Ti15−xMoxSn compounds, Ti4Mo11Sn exhibits the largest stiffness while Ti12Mo3Sn shows the greatest ductility. The compounds Ti12Mo3Sn and Ti11Mo4Sn with the two lowest elastic Young's modulus of 61.01 GPa and 65.59 GPa are expected to be promising metallic biomaterials for implant applications. Besides, the Debye temperature ΘD and the electronic density of states (DOS) are also investigated and discussed.
POSITIVE SOLUTION FOR SYSTEMS OF NONLINEAR SINGULAR BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS ON TIME SCALES
Chunmei Miao,Dehong Ji,Junfang Zhao,Weigao Ge,Jiani Zhang 한국수학교육학회 2009 純粹 및 應用數學 Vol.16 No.4
In this paper, we deal with the following system of nonlinear singular boundary value problems(BVPs) on time scale T [수식] where [수식] and [수식] may be singular at t = a, y = 0, and g(t, x) may be singular at t = a. The arguments are based upon a fixed-point theorem for mappings that are decreasing with respect to a cone. We also obtain the analogous existence results for the related nonlinear systems [수식], and [수식] satisfying similar boundary conditions.
Chunmei Li,ZhezheWang,Guisheng Li,ZhenhuaWang,Jianrong Yang,Yanshen Li,Hongtao Wang,Haizhu Jin,Junhua Qiao,Hongbo Wang,Jingwei Tian,Albert W. Lee,Yonglin Gao 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2
Background: 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg3 (C42H72O13), a natural triterpenoid saponin, is extracted from redginseng. The increasing use of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 has raised product safety concerns. Methods: In acute toxicity, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 was singly and orally administrated to Kunming miceand SpragueeDawley (SD) rats at the maximum doses of 1600 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg, respectively. In the26-week toxicity study, we used repeated oral administration of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in SD rats over 26weeks at doses of 0, 20, 60, or 180 mg/kg. Moreover, a 4-week recovery period was scheduled to observethe persistence, delayed occurrence, and reversibility of toxic effects. Results: The result of acute toxicity shows that oral administration of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 to mice andrats did not induce mortality or toxicity up to 1600 and 800 mg/kg, respectively. During a 26-weekadministration period and a 4-week withdrawal period (recovery period), there were no significantdifferences in clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, urinalysis parameters, biochemical andhematological values, or histopathological findings. Conclusion: The mean oral lethal dose (LD50) of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3, in acute toxicity, is above 1600mg/kg and 800 mg/kg in mice and rats, respectively. In a repeated-dose 26-week oral toxicity study, theno-observed-adverse-effect level for female and male SD rats was 180 mg/kg.
Anti-inflammatory effect of the water fraction from hawthorn fruit on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells
Chunmei Li,Myeong-Hyeon Wang 한국영양학회 2011 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.5 No.2
The hawthorn fruit (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge var. typica Schneider) is used as a traditional medicine in Korea. The objective of this study was to understand the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of the water fractionated portion of hawthorn fruit on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cellular model. The level of nitric oxide (NO) production in the water fraction and LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells were determined with an ELISA. The cytotoxicity of the water fraction and LPS was measured with an MTT assay. Expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) mRNA were analyzed with a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The water fraction of hawthorn fruit was determined to be safe and significantly inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and suppressed COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression. The observed anti-inflammatory effects of the water fraction of hawthorn fruit might be attributed to the down-regulation of COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.