수퍼차저에 의한 가솔린 機關의 性能에 관한 硏究

김동기,신이건,전봉준,박찬준 서울産業大學校 1995 논문집 Vol.41 No.1

The supercharging characteristics and the combustion performance of the spark iginition engine are investigated through the experiments. The apparatuses used in the experiment are the carburetor type 1468cc Gasoline Engine and the screw type supercharger. A supercharger pulley and a water pump pulley through V-belt are connected to the engine. The diameter of supercharger pulley is 63mm. The diameter of water pump pulley used are 63mm and 135mm,repectively.A optical senser is used to measured the speed of a engine. The pressure in first cylinder is measured. The rate of pressure rise and the rate of heat release are calculated. The engine speed considered is increased by 500rpm from 1500rpm to 3500rpm. It is found that the supercharging characteristics and the combustion performance in case of the engine with supercharger are increased at low speed range. Compared the supercharged engine with the natually aspirated engine, the most effects of supercharging on the torque and the rate of maximium pressure rise are observed at 2000rpm and 1500rpm, respectively.

An Assessment Study of Seismic Resistance of Two-story Wood-frame Housing by Shaking Table Tests

Ni, Chun,Kim, Sang-Yeon,Chen, Haijiang,Lu, Xilin Land and Housing Institute 2012 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.3 No.1

While there exists a relatively large body of technical information for the engineered design of wood-frame buildings to resist seismic ground motions, the quantitative assessment of seismic resistance of conventional houses built by prescriptive requirements is less well understood. Forintek Canada Corp., in collaboration with other research and industry partners, has embarked on a research project to address this topic. This paper will report on the seismic shake table tests of a full-scale wood-frame building. The two-story specimen, $6m{\times}6m$ in plan, was built on the seismic shake table at Tongji University in Shanghai, China, according to Part 9 of the 1995 National Building Code of Canada and shaken uni-directionally in each of the two principal directions. Three different seismic table motions were applied at increasing peak ground motion amplitudes up to 0.40 and 0.50 g. The specimen was repaired after the above sets of seismic table motions, and successive runs were conducted for increased door openings. Measurements included specimen accelerations, displacements and anchorage forces. Static stiffness of the specimen was measured at low force levels, and natural frequencies were measured after each seismic loading stage by applying low-level random excitation. The results presented consist of the capacity spectra of the shake table tests, changes in specimen stiffness and natural frequencies with increasing seismic loading. These results and those from other recent shake table tests elsewhere will be compared with simplified engineering calculations based on codified values of strength, and on that basis preliminary conclusions will be drawn on the adequacy of the current code provisions and design guides in Canada and the USA for conventional wood-frame construction.

Systolic Arrays for Lattice-Reduction-Aided MIMO Detection

Ni-Chun Wang,Ezio Biglieri,Kung Yao 한국통신학회 2011 Journal of communications and networks Vol.13 No.5

Multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) technology provides high data rate and enhanced quality of service for wireless communications. Since the benefits from MIMO result in a heavy computational load in detectors, the design of low-complexity suboptimum receivers is currently an active area of research. Latticereduction-aided detection (LRAD) has been shown to be an effective low-complexity method with near-maximum-likelihood performance. In this paper, we advocate the use of systolic array architectures for MIMO receivers, and in particular we exhibit one of them based on LRAD. The “Lenstra-Lenstra-Lov´asz (LLL) lattice reduction algorithm” and the ensuing linear detections or successive spatial-interference cancellations can be located in the same array, which is considerably hardware-efficient. Since the conventional form of the LLL algorithm is not immediately suitable for parallel processing, two modified LLL algorithms are considered here for the systolic array. LLL algorithm with full-size reduction-LLL is one of the versions more suitable for parallel processing. Another variant is the all-swap lattice-reduction (ASLR) algorithm for complex-valued lattices, which processes all lattice basis vectors simultaneously within one iteration. Our novel systolic array can operate both algorithms with different external logic controls. In order to simplify the systolic array design, we replace the Lov´asz condition in the definition of LLL-reduced lattice with the looser Siegel condition. Simulation results show that for LR-aided linear detections, the bit-error-rate performance is still maintained with this relaxation. Comparisons between the two algorithms in terms of bit-error-rate performance, and average field-programmable gate array processing time in the systolic array are made, which shows that ASLR is a better choice for a systolic architecture, especially for systems with a large number of antennas.

The Association of GSDMB and ORMDL3 Gene Polymorphisms With Asthma: A Meta-Analysis

Chun-Ni Zhao,Ye Fan,Jian-Jun Huang,Hai-Xia Zhang,Tao Gao,Cong Wang,Tong Wang,Li-Fang Hou 대한천식알레르기학회 2015 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: ORM1-like 3 (ORMDL3) belongs to a highly conserved protein family which is anchored as transmembrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. Gasdermin B (GSDMB) is adjacent to ORMDL3 on chromosome 17q21.2 and belongs to the gasdermin-domain containing the protein family(GSDM family). Recent reports suggest that GSDMB and ORMDL3 are associated with asthma in several populations. However, genetic associationstudies that examined the association of GSDMB and ORMDL3 gene variants with asthma showed conflicting results. To assess whether combinedevidence shows the association between GSDMB/ORMDL3 polymorphism and asthma. Methods: A bibliographic search from MEDLINE identified13 original articles using the search keywords ‘GSDMB’, ‘ORMDL3’, and ‘asthma’. An updated literature-based meta-analysis involving 6,691 subjectswith asthma, 9,281 control individuals, and 1,360 families were conducted. Meta-odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) basedon the fixed effects model or the random effects model depended on Cochran’s Q-statistic and I2 values. Data from case-control and TDT studieswere analyzed in an allelic model using the Catmap software. Results: We selected and identified 3 SNPs of ORMDL3 associated with asthma(rs8076131: OR=1.10; 95% CI, 1.02-1.20; P=0.012. rs12603332: OR=1.15; 95% CI, 1.05-1.25; P=0.002. rs3744246: OR=1.10; 95% CI, 1.02-1.17;P=0.008) and 1 SNP of GSDMB associated with asthma (rs7216389: OR=1.37; 95% CI, 1.27-1.47; P<0.01). Publication bias was estimated usingmodified Egger’s linear regression test proposed by Harbordetal and revealed no evidence of biases. Furthermore, cumulative meta-analysis in chronologicalorder showed the inclination toward significant association for rs7216389 and rs12603332 with continually adding studies, and the inclinationtoward null-significant association for rs3744246 and rs8076131. Conclusions: Moderate evidence exists for associations of the ORMDL3rs8076131, rs12603332, and rs3744246 and GSDMB rs7216389 variants with asthma. Large sample size and representative population-based studiesand TDT studies with homogeneous asthmatic patients and well-matched controls are warranted to confirm this finding.

Serum Amyloid A is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Ni, Xiao-Chun,Yi, Yong,Fu, Yi-Peng,He, Hong-Wei,Cai, Xiao-Yan,Wang, Jia-Xing,Zhou, Jian,Fan, Jia,Qiu, Shuang-Jian Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.24

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic value of serum amyloid A (SAA) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing surgery. Materials and Methods: Preoperative serum samples of 328 patients with HCC who underwent curative resection and of 47 patients with benign liver lesion were assayed. Serum levels of SAA were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its correlations with clinicopathological characteristics and survival were explored. Results: Levels of SAA were significantly higher in patients with HCC than those with benign liver lesion. There were strong correlations between preoperative serum SAA level and tumor size and more advanced BCLC stage. On univariate analysis, elevated SAA was associated with reduced disease-free survival and overall survival (p=0.001 and 0.03, respectively). Multivariate analyses showed that serum SAA level was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio 2.80, p=0.01). Conclusions: High SAA serum level is a novel biomarker for the prognosis of HCC patients.

Systolic Arrays for Lattice-Reduction-Aided MIMO Detection

Wang, Ni-Chun,Biglieri, Ezio,Yao, Kung The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2011 Journal of communications and networks Vol.13 No.5

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology provides high data rate and enhanced quality of service for wireless communications. Since the benefits from MIMO result in a heavy computational load in detectors, the design of low-complexity suboptimum receivers is currently an active area of research. Lattice-reduction-aided detection (LRAD) has been shown to be an effective low-complexity method with near-maximum-likelihood performance. In this paper, we advocate the use of systolic array architectures for MIMO receivers, and in particular we exhibit one of them based on LRAD. The "Lenstra-Lenstra-Lov$\acute{a}$sz (LLL) lattice reduction algorithm" and the ensuing linear detections or successive spatial-interference cancellations can be located in the same array, which is considerably hardware-efficient. Since the conventional form of the LLL algorithm is not immediately suitable for parallel processing, two modified LLL algorithms are considered here for the systolic array. LLL algorithm with full-size reduction-LLL is one of the versions more suitable for parallel processing. Another variant is the all-swap lattice-reduction (ASLR) algorithm for complex-valued lattices, which processes all lattice basis vectors simultaneously within one iteration. Our novel systolic array can operate both algorithms with different external logic controls. In order to simplify the systolic array design, we replace the Lov$\acute{a}$sz condition in the definition of LLL-reduced lattice with the looser Siegel condition. Simulation results show that for LR-aided linear detections, the bit-error-rate performance is still maintained with this relaxation. Comparisons between the two algorithms in terms of bit-error-rate performance, and average field-programmable gate array processing time in the systolic array are made, which shows that ASLR is a better choice for a systolic architecture, especially for systems with a large number of antennas.

공공공간 사인시스템의 유니버설디자인에 관한 연구

예춘홍(Ni, Chun Hong),안병진(Ahn, Byoung Jin) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2016 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.24 No.-

빠르고 효율적으로 길을 안내할 수 있는 도구인 사인시스템은 오늘 날 특유의 독특한 디자인 이념과 형식으로 사회의 유통 시스템 전반에 많은 편리함을 가져다주었다. 다양한 국가와, 지형, 경제발전 수준에 따라 각기 실정에 맞는 다양한 사인디자인과 기능을 갖추고 있다. 특히 선진국의 경우 이미 사인시스템이 어느 정도 자리를 잡아 성숙한 상태이며, 다양한 집단의 수요를 전반적으로 잘 고려하여 반영하고 있다. 현재 대부분의 도시에서는 사인시스템의 완성도를 척도로 도시의 발전 정도를 측정하고 있는데, 이는 사회 발전에서 사인시스템이 차지하는 중요성을 충분히 설명해준다. 본 논문에서는 관련 자료에 관한 문헌정리와 사례조사 수집을 통해 소외계층에 대한 관심도 측면에서의 선진국들의 사인시스템에 대한 주시 정도를 파악해보고자 한다. 장애인 부분에서 시각장애인, 청각장애인 그리고 지체장애인, 그리고 아동, 노인, 부녀자 등 여러 다양한 측면들을 예로 들어볼 수 있다. 연구방법으로 먼저 선행 연구 자료들의 중심 포인트를 찾은 뒤, 미국, 독일, 일본 등 선진 국가들의 실제사례를 바탕으로 공공 공간 사인시스템의 타깃 집단에 관한 연구를 진행하였다. 또한 이에 그치지 않고 사인시스템 중 유니버설 디자인 이념에 관해 보다 심층적으로 분석하였다. 자료정리와 실제 고찰을 통해 연구자는 이러한 방면에 중국의 관심도가 비교적 떨어지는 편이라는 것을 발견했다. 본 연구에서 연구자는 소외계층을 개별적인 집단으로 분류해 놓고, 사인시스템 사용 중에 발생하는 이 집단의 실제 니즈를 파악하여 이를 바탕으로 유니버설 디자인의 교차 디자인 이념에 대해 심층적으로 연구해보았다. 우선, 시각장애인 위주의 소외계층을 대상으로 하는 무장애 디자인이 타깃으로 하는 집단에는 주로 시각장애인, 노인 및 색약인 계층이 있다. 독일의 역사박물관 사인시스템은 시각장애인 집단을 중점적으로 분석하여 사인시스템 중 유니버설 디자인 분야에서 보다 더 많은 디자인 아이디어 및 발전 가능성을 제공해주었다. 외국인, 노인 및 아이들을 타깃으로 하는 공공시설사인디자인의 경우 색채에 관한 연구 및 색채와 글자체 응용 간의 연구가 특히 더 중점적으로 이루어져야 한다. 독일 공항의 사인디자인은 그래픽디자인을 적극 활용한 사인시스템으로, 오늘날처럼 그림을 글처럼 읽는 시대에 이러한 소외계층들이 보다 효율적으로 정보를 포착할 수 있도록 하는 동시에 노인과 아이들의 정보 식별도를 높이는 데 공헌했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 두 번째, 사인디자인에서 주 사용층을 소외계층으로 하면 발생가능성이 있는 문제점들이 많다. 예를 들어, 아이들이 사인시스템을 사용하는 과정에서 키 높이 문제로 인해 사인 식별에 어려움을 겪을 수 있다. 또한 지체장애인의 경우 사인디자인 사용 시에 특정한 니즈가 발생할 가능성이 있다. 임산부의 경우 임신 기간에 밖으로 외출할 시에 특수한 서비스형 사인시스템을 필요로 할 가능성이 있다. 일본 우메다 병원에서는 독특한 디자인 이념을 통해 사인디자인을 완성, 환자 및 기타 보호자들의 공감을 이끌어냈다. 마지막으로 소외계층과 유니버설 디자인에 관해 정리하는 과정에서 한 사회에서 소외계층의 존재가 전체 사회의 발전을 촉진한다는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. 유니버설 디자인의 수혜자들 또한 사회 한쪽에서 전체 사회의 발전을 촉진하고, 문제발견 및 해결에 도움을 주는 역할을 수행하고 있다. 연구자는 자료조사부터 시작해서 사례들을 분석하고 연구를 최종적으로 마무리 짓는 과정에서 현재 수 많은 선진국들이 공공 공간 사인시스템 시설 구축의 중요성을 인지하고 있으며, 과학 연구 분야에서 대량의 인력을 투입하고 있다는 사실을 발견하였다. 이러한 현상들은 특정 국가나 지역에서의 사인시스템의 공헌 정도를 반영하고 있다. Sign system is an effective guiding tool. Current sign system provieded a lot of convenience to the society by its unique design concept and forms. According to the diversity in counties, regions and level of economic development, sign system presented the different design features in the world. In developed countries, sign system has been relatively mature, it considered variety needs from different groups. The perfection of sign system is the way to measure the level of development, which reflected the importance of sign systems in social development. Based on the study on the literature data and case studies, I found that Sign system in developed countries attached importance to vulnerable groups which include disabled person, children, seniors and women (pregnant women). In this study, I found the cantorial issue by analyzing the paper, researched on cases from the United States, Germany, Japan and other developed countries and tried to analyze the crowd which Public Space Sign system concerned. Through the research, I found that Chinese Sign system haven’t pay much attention on vulnerable groups in China. In this study, I classified the Vulnerable Groups into different types of groups, with the actual needs of those groups in Sign System explored the crossover design concept of Universal Design . First, Vulnerable Groups focused on the needs of the blind people, the seniors and color weakness crowd. By analyzing the Sign system in German Historical Museum, I expanded the design ideas. In the Sign system for foreigners, seniors and children, color and word font are particularly important. The appropriate used of graphic design in German Airport Sign system accelerate the information capture of people, especially for the seniors and children. Secondly, the problems for disabled person in Guide system became apparent. Such as identifying issues for children in using the Sign system because of height problems; the special requirement for physically disabled people and pregnant women in using sign systems. Sign system of Umeda hospital in Japan met the needs of special groups with its unique design concept. Finally, I summarized Vulnerable Groups and Universal Design, I found the existence of Vulnerable Groups promoted social progress. Universal Design is also a powerful tool to discover the problem in social progress. According to the previous thesis research and case study, I found that developed countries payed attention on to different aspects in Sign system, and the national investment in research is large. From this point , Sign system reflected contribution to an area.

동물원 사인시스템에 나타난 공감 디자인에 관한 연구

예춘홍(Ni, Chun Hong),안병진(Ahn, Byoung Jin) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2016 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.23 No.-

본 연구의 배경 및 목적, 연구방법과 범위 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 현대사회에서는 사인시스템 디자인이 광범위하게 응용되고 있다. 사인시스템 구축 방면에서 봤을 때, 사인시스템 디자인 분야는 어떤 한 지역의 발달 정도를 대표하며, 해당 지역의 문명 수준을 측정하는 기준으로도 활용된다. 디자인 차원에서는 사용자의 수요를 표현하는 일종의 표현 방식으로도 해석할 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 선진국들과는 달리 중국에선 사인시스템 디자인 개념이 비교적 늦게 도입된 편이다. 특히, 중국의 동물원은 외국의 동물원과 비교했을 때 공감 디자인과 같이 심도 있는 디자인 방면에서 여전히 격차가 매우 큰 편이다. 게다가 사인시스템의 디자인 심리, 도형 디자인의 응용 등의 방면에서도 사용자의 심리에 관한 분석이 상당히 부족하여 대부분 사인시스템의 작용이 명확하지 않거나 심할 경우 유명무실 한 경우도 다수 있다. 본 연구는 먼저 미국과 독일의 우수한 동물원 사인사례를 수집한 다음 동물원 사인시스템 디자인에서의 공감 디자인 방법과 응용형식을 분석하고자 하였다. 연구자는 사인시스템에서 공감 디자인의 작용과 방법을 분석하여 중국의 동물원의 사인시스템과 선진국의 동물원 사인 디자인과의 격차를 좁힐 수 있는 방법을 연구하고자 하였다. 또한, 본 연구는 공감 디자인의 관점에서 실제 운영되고 있는 우수 해외 동물원의 사인시스템을 분석하여 동물원 사인시스템이 갖추어야 할 디자인요소를 4가지의 유형을 통해 추출하였다. 먼저, 지식 설명형 사인시스템은 안내하는 과정에서 관객들로 하여금 많은 정보를 한 번에 제공받을 수 있도록 한다. 오스나브뤼크 동물원에서는 동물 이 갖고 있는 자체 가죽의 특성을 가지고 사인시스템에 적용하여 디자인하였다. 방향 안내형 사인시스템은 주로 화살표를 방향을 가리키는 것으로 전달 속도가 더 빠르다. 미국의 워싱턴 국립동물원에서는 화살표를 대신하여 동물들의 발자국 모양을 이용해서 방향을 가리키고 있는데, 인간과 동물의 관계를 사인을 통해 거리감을 좁혀주며 공감적 느낌을 일으킨다. 예술 조형형 사인시스템은 예술 조형형 사인으로 방향을 가리키는 것을 창의성 있게 표현하는 데, 예를 들어 사바나 트랙 야생 동물원에서는 눈과 색채 간의 시각 원리를 통해 관광객의 관계를 더 가까이 끌어당기고 있다. 야생 생태형 사인시스템은 대부분 자연과 결합한 공간에서 많이 응용된다. 자연재료 등의 사용을 통해 사인시스템을 자연과 하나로 느끼게끔 한다. 하노버 동물원에서는 자연재료를 이용하여 지속가능한 공간을 만들고 있으며 사용자의 관점으로 인간 본질의 수요를 충족시키고 있다. 보통 동물원은 사람들이 여가 시간을 보내거나 동물들을 보러 가는 중요한 장소로, 동물원의 사인시스템 디자인은 마땅히 다양한 관객 집단의 수요를 만족시키는 기능을 수행할 수 있어야 한다. 동물원 사인시스템 디자인은 특수한 장소 환경적 수요로 인해 동물과 사람, 장소와 사람 간의 문제에 보다 더 주의를 기울어야 한다. 세계의 수많은 선진국들에서 사인시스템 디자인이 크게 발전할 수 있었던 이유는 바로 인본적인 수요를 중심으로 하는 디자인 이념에 있다. 사람들의 수요를 통해 공감을 얻고, 사람들의 삶 곳곳에 스며들 수 있으며, 사람들의 감정을 반영할 수 있는 사인시스템에 관한 연구와 오늘 날의 쌍방향성 디자인은 공감 디자인의 기본적인 필요조건이다. 공감 디자인은 이러한 측면에서 실제적인 관찰 및 문제 발견, 문제 해결 이렇게 단계적인 연구가 많이 진행되고 있으므로, 동물원 사인시스템 디자인의 우열이 동물원의 미래발전 추세와 직접적으로 관련이 된다고 할 수 있다. Sign system design is used widely in modern society. When viewed from the construction aspect of sign system, sign system design represents the degree of development of a region and is also utilized as a standard for measuring the level of civilization of that region. When viewed from a design aspect, sign system design can be interpreted as a kind of expression mode which represents the user"s demand. However, unlike the advanced countries where sign system design have long been applied in various fields, the concept of sign system design was introduced in China only recently. In terms of city construction, China is still relying only on sign system design of large cities and capital investment that wholesome facility construction works are not being performed. In particular, compared to zoos in foreign countries, zoos in China still shows a huge gap in terms of utilizing in-depth design such as empathy design. Moreover, they significantly lack accurate analysis of user psychology with respect to elements such as the application of design psychology and diagram design of sign system design. Consequently, the effects of sign system are mostly not clear or, in the worst cases, nominal. First of all, outstanding zoo sign cases from the United States and Germany were collected so as to analyze methods and application forms of empathy design in zoo sign system design. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects and methods of empathy design in the sign system used in foreign countries and to discover ways to close the gap between zoo sign system in China and zoo sign design in advanced countries. Also, four types of design elements that should be included in zoo sign system were educed by analyzing the sign systems of excellent foreign zoos that are actually in operation from the viewpoint of empathy design. The four types of design elements are as follows: First, knowledge descriptive sign system allows the viewers to receive a lot of information in the process of showing. The Osnabrück Zoo applied the characteristic of leather inherent to each animal in the sign system. This application provides accurate direction guide and simultaneously conveys the contents of information in an eye-catching way, and also arouse emotional responses from the viewers. Second, direction guiding sign system, which mainly indicates directions using arrow signs, is faster than information descriptive sign system in terms of transmission speed. In America, the National Zoological Park in Washington use shapes of animal footprint instead of arrows to indicate direction. This application form reduces the sense of distance in the relationship between people and animals through sign and arouse empathic sensation from the viewers. Formative arts sign system, which uses formative arts as signs, creatively expresses ways of indicating directions. For example, in the wildlife zoos along the Savannah tracks, signs applying the visual principles between the eyes and colors are used to bring the tourists more closer to the animals. Wild ecological sign system is usually applied in spaces combined with the nature. By using natural materials, the sign system is made to feel like a part of the nature. At Hanover Zoo, sustainable spaces are created using natural materials and these spaces satisfy the essential demands of humans with the viewpoint of the users. Zoos, in general, are important places where people spend their leisure time or come to see animals. The sign system in a zoo should be able to perform the function of satisfying the demands of various groups of viewers. When designing a zoo sign system, greater attention should be paid to the problems between animals and people as well as place and people due to the environmental demands of the special place. The reason sign system design developed remarkably in many advanced countries is because of their design philosophy centered on humanistic demands. The bas

Knowledge, Perceptions and Acceptability of HPV Vaccination among Medical Students in Chongqing, China

Fu, Chun-Jing,Pan, Xiong-Fei,Zhao, Zhi-Mei,Saheb-Kashaf, Michael,Chen, Feng,Wen, Ying,Yang, Chun-Xia,Zhong, Xiao-Ni Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.15

Objectives: To evaluate medical students' knowledge of HPV and HPV related diseases and assess their attitudes towards HPV vaccination. Methods: A total of 605 medical undergraduates from Chongqing Medical University in China were surveyed using a structured and pretested questionnaire on HPV related knowledge. Results: Some 68.9% of the medical students were females, and mean age was 21.6 (${\pm}1.00$) years. Only 10.6% correctly answered more than 11 out of 14 questions on HPV related knowledge, 71.8% being willing to receive/advise on HPV vaccination. Female students (OR: 2.69; 95% CI: 1.53-4.72) and students desiring more HPV education (OR: 4.24; 95% CI: 1.67-10.8) were more willing to accept HPV vaccination. HPV vaccination acceptability was observed to show a positive association with HPV related knowledge. Conclusions: Our survey found low levels of HPV related knowledge and HPV vaccination acceptability among participating medical students. HPV education should be systematically incorporated into medical education to increase awareness of HPV vaccination.

Operational modal analysis of Canton Tower by a fast frequency domain Bayesian method

Feng-Liang Zhang,Yan-Chun Ni,Yan-Chun Ni,You-Wu Wang 국제구조공학회 2016 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.17 No.2

The Canton Tower is a high-rise slender structure with a height of 610 m. A structural health monitoring system has been instrumented on the structure, by which data is continuously monitored. This paper presents an investigation on the identified modal properties of the Canton Tower using ambient vibration data collected during a whole day (24 hours). A recently developed Fast Bayesian FFT method is utilized for operational modal analysis on the basis of the measured acceleration data. The approach views modal identification as an inference problem where probability is used as a measure for the relative plausibility of outcomes given a model of the structure and measured data. Focusing on the first several modes, the modal properties of this supertall slender structure are identified on non-overlapping time windows during the whole day under normal wind speed. With the identified modal parameters and the associated posterior uncertainty, the distribution of the modal parameters in the future is predicted and assessed. By defining the modal root-mean-square value in terms of the power spectral density of modal force identified, the identified natural frequencies and damping ratios versus the vibration amplitude are investigated with the associated posterior uncertainty considered. Meanwhile, the correlations between modal parameters and temperature, modal parameters and wind speed are studied. For comparison purpose, the frequency domain decomposition (FDD) method is also utilized to identify the modal parameters. The identified results obtained by the Bayesian method, the FDD method and a finite element model are compared and discussed.