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김범철,최광순,김철구,이유희,김동섭,박제철 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-
Seasonal and vertical distributions of dissolved and particulate organic carbon were investigated from May 1995 to March 1997 in n deep mesotrophic reservoir, Lake Soyang, POC contentrations at the dam site ranged from 0.1 to 1.8 mgC/L and DOC concentrations ranged from 1.4 to 4.9 mgC/L. POC concentrations in the surface layer were higher in the season of cyanobacterial bloom, July to September. High POC was observed at the depth of 30 to 60m after storm runoff in summer monsoon season. Turbid storm runoff formed intermediate current laden with much particulate materials from terrestrial sources. The vertical and seasonal variation of DOC was smaller than POC. Higher DOC was observed near the lake bottom which implies sedimentation and degradation of much organic detritus at the bottom. The ratio of DOC : POC varied from 2 to 60, and the ratio was lowest in September 1995 when algal density was highest. DOC : POC ratio of the main inflowing river, the Soyang River, varied from 1 to 10, and the ratio was low in storm runoff when the POC concentration was high.
具滋明,裵孝廣,李哲熙 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1986 연구보고 Vol.14 No.2
Chemical analyses of geochemical or environmental samples get useful when inter-relationships among the samples are discovered, as the latters tell the mechanism participating in the flow of a stream as well as the transfer of materials in the environment. The present study is concerned in the river sediments for which a technique of the concentration correlation matrix is applied to discover the origin of various trace elements. For this investigation, the river-sediments contained six elements(Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Mn )were collected at different stations of the Kumho River and its tributary streams. As a result of drawing up concentration correlation matrix and investigating relationship for concentration of each element, it is concluded that comparisons of these relationships agree with geographical or geological relations and the present condition of pollution.
온돌난방방식에서의 인체 각 부위별 대류열전달률에 관한 실험적 연구
이철구 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.8
The convective heat transfer causes upward natural convection around a human body. This natural convection causes unevenness of the convective heat transfer over a body surface. So, it is necessary to know convective heat transfer coefficient at each part of human body to evaluate indoor thermal environment. The present paper studies the natural convection around human body at floor heating system by using a thermal rectangular hexahedral manikin. The convective heat transfer coefficient was estimated from the surface temperature of various locations on the manikin with copper-constantan thermocouple. During the measurement, the floor temperature has been kept 26∼27℃. A steep change with the height was found in the convective heat transfer coefficient along the leg part. The highest convective heat transfer coefficient 4.9W/m2K at front part and 5.7W/m2K at side part, was found at the lowest temperature measuring point on the leg part. The average heat transfer coefficient over the manikin was 3.2W/m2K at front part and 4.0W/m2K at side part of the manikin. This means that the lower part of a leg has about 50% higher natural convection heat transfer ocefficient than the average human body. It will be necessary to consider the change of convective heat transfer coefficient with the positions of human body when appropriate floor temperature at floor heating system is decided.
제주시 대기부유분진 중 수용성 이온성분의 입경별 분포특성
허철구,송정화,이기호 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.12
Atmospheric particulate matters were collected by 8-stage non viable cascade impactor from October 2002 to August at Jeju City. Eight water-soluble ionic components (Na^(+), NH₄^(+), K^(+), Ca^(2+), Mg^(2+), Cr^(-) NO₃^(-) and SO₄^(2-)) were analyzed by Ion Chromatography. The concentration of particulate matters and eight water-soluble ionic components were determined to investigate their size distributions. Particulate matters exhibited a tri-modal distribution with peak value around 0.9, 4.0㎛ and 9.5㎛. In summer, the last peak value was lower than other season values likely due to particulate matter scavenged by rain water. Four ionic components (Na^(+), Ca^(2+) Mg^(2+) and Cl^(-)) exhibited a bi-modal distribution in the coarse mode whereas three ionic components (NH₄^(+), K^(+) and SO₄^(2-)) in the fine mode, with maximum peak value around 0.9um. NO₃ was found in both the coarse and the fine mode. The enrichment factor (E.F.) of each ionic components was calculated. Based upon E.F., it is considered that Na^(+), Cr, and K^(+) in coarse paricle mode were delivered form oceanic source, but other components might have other source origins.
대기환경지수를 이용한 제주지역 대기질 평가에 관한 기초적 연구
허철구,이기호,박용이 제주대학교 환경연구소 1997 환경연구논문집 : 제주대 Vol.5 No.-
The assessment of the air quality of Cheju area was carried out by AI(Air Index) and AEI(Air Environment Index). The air quality data, which measured at two air pollution monitoring network(Idodong ; located at Cheju city, Yongsuri ; located at western coastal region of Cheju island), were used in this study. The average concentration of major air pollutants(SO_(2), NO_(2), CO, TSP(PM-10)) were very low, but the ozone(O_(3)) concentration remarkably high. The monthly A1 values at Idodong and at Yongsuri were 7.0 ± 1.8 and 4.7 ± 1.4, respectively, therefore the air quality was classified as 'Good' level. And the monthly AEI values at same regions were in the range of 16.9-20 and 20.1-28, respectively, so the air quality was classified as 'Moderate' level. We found that the same air quality data was assessed at different level according to estimating mothod by A1 or by AEI. It seemed that the modification of the subindex and/or standard level was necessary to estimate A1 and AEI practically. Also, it was found that the critical pollutant was ozone in estimating A1 and AEI at Cheju area. But it assumed the ozone at Cheju area was caused by natural sources but anthropogenic sources. Thus, it seemed that the local background level of air pollutants was considered in estimating AI and AEI.
보조 리간드가 결합한 Cr(Ⅲ)-네자리 거대고리 착물들의 합성 및 특성
김구철,한충훈,윤정수,변종철 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2003 基礎科學硏究 Vol.16 No.1
cis-(5.5.7.12.12.14-hexamethyl-1.4.8.11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)dichloro chromium(Ⅲ) chloride{cis-[Cr([14]-decane)(Cl)₂]Cl}를 출발 물질로 하여 보조 리간드{L_(a)=malonate (mal^(2-). acetylacetonate (acac^(-). benzoate (bz^(-). p-chlorobenzoate(cbz^(-). chloroacetate(ca^(-))}를 결합시킨 착물들을 합성하였다. 이들 Cr(Ⅲ) 착물들은 6배위 착물을 형성한다. cis-[Cr([14]-decane)(acac)](ClO₄)₂ 결정은 a=20.021(1)Å. b=30.112(1)Å. c=12.708Å. α=90˚. β=127.112(1)˚. γ=90˚. V=6101.1(4)ų 및 Z=8의 cell constant를 갖고 있는 C_(2/c) 공간군이며, 단사결정체이다. Cr^(3+) 이온 주위에 4개의 amine 질소 원자와 bidentate로 결합한 acetyacetonate의 2개 산소 원자가 capped square pyramid 구조를 형성하면서 6배위 기하구조를 갖는다. cis-[Cr(tetb)(cbz)₂]ClO₄ 결정은 a=12.093(1)Å. b=20.358(1)Å. c=28.852Å. α=90˚. β=90˚. γ=90˚. V=7103.1(7)ų 및 Z=8의 cell constant를 갖고 있는 P_(bca) 공간군이며, 사방정계 결정체이다. Cr^(3+) 이온 주위에 4개의 amine 질소원자와 2개의 p-chlorobenzoate에서 각각 1개 산소원자가 capped square pyramid 구조를 형성하면서 6배위 기하구조를 갖는다. New chromium(Ⅲ) complexes are synthesized from the starting material of cis-(5.5.7.12.12.14-hexamethyl-1.4.8.11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)dichloro chromium(Ⅲ) chloride{cis-[Cr([14]-decane)(Cl)₂]Cl} with auxiliary ligands {L_(a)=malonate (mal^(2-). acetylacetonate (acac^(-). benzoate (bz^(-). p-chlorobenzoate(cbz^(-). chloroacetate(ca^(-))}. The compounds are a six-coordinated chromium(Ⅲ) complexes. The crystal of cis-[Cr([14]-decane)(acac)](ClO₄)₂ is monoclinic. space group C_(2/c). with cell constant a=20.021(1)Å. b=30.112(1)Å. c=12.708Å. α=90˚. β=127.112(1)˚. γ=90˚. V=6101.1(4)ų. and Z=8. The hexacoordination geometry around Cr^(3+) ion is a capped square pyramid made up of four amine nitrogens and bidentate acetyacetonate two oxygens. The crystal of cis-[Cr(tetb)(cbz)₂]ClO₄ is orthorhombic. space group P_(bca) with cell constant a=12.093(1)Å. b=20.358(1)Å. c=28.852Å. α=90˚. β=90˚. γ=90˚. V=7103.1(7)ų. and Z=8. The hexacoordination geometry around Cr^(3+) ion is a capped square pyramid made up of four amine nitrogens and two oxygens of two p-chlorobenzoate.
Ciprofloxacin 제제의 생물학적 동등성에 관한 연구
최철희,신재국,신완균,유호진,이경훈,정원석,장인진,신상구 대한화학요법학회 1991 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.9 No.1
국내 시판중인 ciprofloxacin 제제인 Citopcin®(250㎎ tablet)의 동등성을 검토하기 위해 제조원인 Bayer사의 Citopcin®(250㎎ tablet)를 기준제제로 하여 18명의 건강한 남성 피험자를 대상으로 500㎎ 1회 교차 경구 투여후 약동학적 성상을 분석비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 시험제제의 생체 이용율의 지표인 AUC, C_(mao), T_(max) 및 MRT들의 평균치는 백분율차이에 있어 모든 기준제제 지표의 ± 20% 이내였으며, 이들 생체 이용율 지표들은 분산분석 검정에서 차이를 인지할 수 없었다.생체 이용율 지표들의 기준제제에 대한 백분율 90% 대칭 신뢰구간 검토시 모든 경수들에서 ± 20% 이내의 조건을 만족하였으며 AUC의 경우에는 대칭형 신뢰구간으로 변환시 95% 신뢰구간에서도 동등성의 조건을 만족하였다, 이상의 시험결과로 시험제제인 Citopcin®은 기준제제인 Ciprobay®와 생물학적 동등한 제제로 판단되었다. The pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin was studied for the evaluation of the bioequivalence of the generic ciproflocacin products. Two single doses of 500㎎ each of ciprofloxacin(Ciprobay® 250㎎ tablet as a reference compound and Citopcin® 250㎎ tablet s a test compound) were administered orally to ighteen male volunteers in a balanced, randomized crossover design. Pek plasma levels of ciprofloxacin were observed about 1 hour after the doses and the peak concentrations of both products were similar(Ciprobay®, 3.18㎍/㎖; Citopcin®, 2.89㎍/㎖). The values of other pharmacokinetic parameter of ciprofloxacin computed for Ciprobay® are presented in that order: AUC=13.53:12.47㎍·h/㎖, T_(max)=1.28:1.14 hours; MRT=5.30:5.08 hours; t_(1/2)β=3.65:3.47 hours. No satistically significant, differences were detected when AUC and the other parameters were compared with the method of ANOVA. Using the criteria of 90% confidence interval for the assessment of bioequivalence al the parameters were acceptable. The products were found to be equivalent on the premise that no significant difference was detected when the relevant pharmacokinetic parameters were compared, and the confidence limit analysis showed acceptable results.
허철구,이기호,강창희 제주대학교 환경연구소 1993 환경연구논문집 : 제주대 Vol.1 No.-
This study deals with the air pollution status, the characteristics of air pollution sources and the prediction of future air quality in Cheju. The present air quality is estimated very satisfactorily in comparison with the air quality standard. And the concentration of sulfur dioxide in ambient air has been increased little for the last five years. The primary major source of air pollution is transportation which include 57% of total emissions of air pollutants. Also. air pollution sources are rnaldistributed on the seashore, especially concentrated on Cheju city, The emission rate of air pollutants in Cheju is 43,766 ton/year. but emissions per uint area (24ton/year. ㎢) is of very small quantity in comparison with that of other region. On the other hand, the ambient air quality a t the year 2001 is predicted by Val-ley model is lower than the air quality standard, althought emission rate is increased due to increasing in air pollution sources.
만성 정신분열병 환자에서 지연성 운동장애와 음성증상 및 인지기능 장애와의 연관성
심주철,반철식,성기수,이정구,정도운,정청,윤진상,김영훈 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.4
연구목적: 정신과 전문병원에 입원해 있는 만성정신분열병 환자들을 대상으로 첫째 지연성 운동장애의 유병율과 위험인자들을 조사하고, 둘째 지연성 운동장애와 정신분열병의 음성증상 및 인지기능 장애와의 상관성을 조사하고자 한다. 방법: 연구대상자는 마산동서병원에 입원 중인 환자 중 DSM-IV의 정신분열별 진단기준에 부합하며, 최근 3개월 이상 동일 용량의 항정신병약물 복용한 271명(남자 174명, 여자 97명)의 환자들이었다. 지연성 운동장애에 대한 평가는 Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS)을 이용하였고, DSM-IV와 Sc-hooler와 Kane(1982)의 진단기준 양자에 부합하는 환자들만을 지연성 운동장애군으로 분류하였다, 정신 분열병 정신병리에 대한 평가는 Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS)와 Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome(SDS)을 이용하였고, 인지기능에 대한 평가는 Mini-Mental Status Examination(MMSE)을 이용하였다. 결과: 지연성 운동장애의 유병율은 50.9%이었고, 50세 이상, 남자에서 높았다. 그러나 입원기간과 항정신병 약물의 일일 사용량에 따른 차이는 없었다. 지연성 운동장애의 호발부위는 혀, 상지, 입술과 입 주위의 순이었다. BPRS 총점 및 소항목 척도점수와 SDS 척도점수는 지연성 운동장애의 유무에 따른 차이가 없었다. MMSE 총점 및 소항목 점수도 지연성 운동장애의 유무에 따른 차이가 없었다. 결론: 평균입원기간이 9년 이상인 만성정신분열병 환자들에게서의 지연성 운동장애의 유병율은 50.5%이었고, 연령이 가장 의미있는 위험인자임을 확인했다. 만성정신분열병 환자들이 주 대상인 본 연구에서는 지연성 운동장애와 정신분열병의 음성증상 및 인지기능 장애와의 상관성은 입증하지 못했다. Objectives: The purpose of present study was to determine the prevalence rate of tardive dyskinesia and to search for its risk factors in chronically institutionalized schizophrenic subjects. We also examined the relationship between tardive dyskinesia and both negative symptoms and cognitive impairments in the same subjects. Methods: Subjects were 271 in-patients(174 males, 97 females) at Masan Dongsuh Hospital. They met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia and had been taking fixed doses of antipsychotics for at least 3 months. Tardive dyskinesia was assessed by Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS). Cases of tardive dyskinesia were ascertained by the criteria of Schooler and Kane (1982) and DSM-IV. The rating of psychopathology was acquired using Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS) and Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome(SDS) and the assessment of cognitive function using Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE). Results: The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia is 50.9% and the frequency of tardive dyskinesia was high est in male above the age of fifty. But there was no statistically significant relationship between the frequency of tardive dyskinesia and both the length of hospitalization and the daily dose of antipsychotics. The frequency order of abnormal movement in the patients with tardive dyskinesia was as follows : tongue, upper extremities, lips and perioral area. We couldn't find any significant difference in the total and subscale scores of BPRS between the groups with and without tardive dyskinesia. There were no differences in MMSE scores between the groups with and without tardive dyskinesia. Conclusion: This study gave us that the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia was high in chronically institutionalized schizophrenic inpatients and that age was the most significant risk factor of tardive dyskinesia. The relationship between tardive dyskinesia and both negative symptoms and cognitive impairment, however, was not revealed.