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金學主 서울대학교 동아문화연구소 1979 東亞文化 Vol.16 No.-
Since Ssu-ma Ch'ien eulogized Ch'u¨ Yu¨an as a great patriotic poet and his Li-Sao (Encountering Sorrow) as a song of"loyalty to his king and love to the people," from Wang Yi (Ch'u Tz'uˇ Chang Chu¨楚辭章句) to modern Chinese scholars (Ch'u Tz'uˇYen Chiu Lun Wen Chi 楚辭硏究論文集), most of the scholars have interpreted Li-Sao as a patriotic poem. But lately some scholars, such as Liao P'ing(Ch'u Tz'uˇ Chiang Yi 楚辭講義), Ho T'ian Hsing (Ch'u T'zu¨ Tzo Yu¨ Han Tai K'ao 楚辭作於漢代考), and Chu Tung Jun (Ch'u Ko and Ch'u Tz'uˇ 楚歌與楚辭, Writer of Li-Sao 離騷的作者, etc.), denying the existence of Ch'u¨ Yu¨an, contended that Li-Sao is a song of "fairy excursion."In this paper, I have examined the above mentioned two directions of interpretation of Li-Sao, and analogized it's character through the analysis of the text. For the convenience of quotation of the text, I gave numbers from 1 to 188 to every line (two phrase for one line) of Li-Sao. (2) In the text of Li-Sao, lines 17-20, 40-41, 44 and 188 directly express the poet's loyalty to his king or love to the people (or the country). But most of the general purport arrives at the despair and resentment to this world. Besides, on the lines 13-16, 19, 38-39, 53, 72-87, and 145-149, we can find a description of the conduct of great sages and tyrants. These also show that Li-Sao is a patriotic poem. On the other hand, in most of the text of Li-Sao the poet describes his visionary excursion to the fairyland and heaven. On lines 54-64, we find his desire of the long journey, and on lines 72-185, we find his three-time fairy excursions. Consequently, we can say that Li-Sao is a song of fairy excursion. (3) Of course there are far more lines which support Li-Sao as a patriotic poem or song of fairy excursion. But both of these two interpretations have a good many negative expressions in themselves. We find in them defects not sufficient to assert the character of the poem as such. So I analyzed the text various ways to obtain the clear character of it. As a result, I draw a deduction that this originated from an early shaman of Ch'u. In concluding the character of Li-Sao, most important factor is an interpretation of P'eng Hsien, which is stated in the last paragraph: "Since none is worthwhile to work with in making good government, I will go and join P'eng Hsien in the place where he abides.(旣莫足與爲美政兮, 吾將從彭咸之所居)" Wang Yi commented on P'eng Hsien as a "sage of Shang dynasty, who drowned himself because his king disregarded his advice," and the last line of Li-Sao has been taken as the poet's statement of his intention to drown himself. But it is clear that his explanation has no basis. As Ho T'ien-Hsing (at Ch'u Tz'uˇ Tzo Yi Han Tai K'ao) pointed out, it is very reasonable to explain P'eng Hsien as ancient shamans, Wu P'eng and Wu Hsien, shown in: Shang Hai Ching, and "to join P'eng Hsien" means rather the poet's, intention to devote himself to occult training as a shaman. At the beginning of Li-Sao, the poet described his family lineage because early shamans were handed down from father to son as a profession. And he introduced his name(字) as Ling Chun(靈均). When we think of Wang Yi's commentary "靈, 巫也" and other shaman's name Ling Hsiu, Ling Fen, and Ling Pao of the Ch'u Tz'uˇ, the name Ling Chu¨n bespeaks itself a name of a shaman. Before his first visionary excursion, the poet paid a visit to the spirit of Emperor Shun to get his advice, which means that Shun was one of the spirit enshrined by the poet shaman. This fact also, explains why Li-Sao has so many descriptions of loyalty to the Kingand love of the country. And most of the works of Ch'u Tz'uˇ, which recorded under the, name of Ch'u¨ Yu¨an and his student Sung Yu¨, such as Chiu-Ko, T`ian-Wen, Yuan-You, P'u-Chu¨, Chiu-Pian, Chao-Hun, and Ta-Chao preserve more obvious tinges of shaman than Li-Sao. Consequently, it might be maintained that Li-Sao is a early song of shaman, neither a patriotic poem nor a song of fairy excursion.
Chu,Kyounghee(Kyounghee Chu),Kim,Ji Yoon(Ji Yoon Kim) 한국상품학회 2024 商品學硏究 Vol.42 No.1
This study empirically explores the impact of the comprehensibility of K-content titles on consumer evaluation. The specific objective of the research is as follows: to analyze the influence of the comprehensibility level of K-content titles on behavioral intentions (intention to watch). More specifically, this study aims to verify whether the patterns of influence of comprehensibility levels of K-content titles on consumer evaluations differ based on need for cognition(NFC) levels. The experimental results revealed differences in intention to watch K-movies depending on cognitive needs levels. In other words, viewers with lower need for cognition have higher viewing intentions towards movies with titles that are more comprehensible compared to those with less comprehensible titles. On the other hand, viewers with higher need for cognition have higher viewing intentions towards movies with less comprehensible titles compared to those with more comprehensible titles. Prior research has primarily focused on consumer responses to the comprehensibility of key messages or information within the field of communication. In this regard, by applying the concept of comprehensibility to the titles of K-Contents, this research strengthens the theoretical foundation concerning the effectiveness of message delivery and consumer response, while also deepening the understanding of global marketing strategies for K-Contents. In terms of practical implications, it emphasizes to K-Content creators and marketers that the comprehensibility of titles significantly influences consumer interest and viewing intentions. This offers critical guidance in the selection of titles and formulation of marketing strategies for K-Contents. Furthermore, optimizing content titles for a global audience with diverse cognitive needs can contribute to the successful international spread of K-Contents. Therefore, by comprehensively understanding the impact of K-Content titles on consumer evaluations, this study is expected to make significant contributions both academically and practically.
龜玆樂 關聯의 개存 硏究成果 檢討 : A Critical Review
홍주희 한국음악사학회 2002 한국음악사학보 Vol.29 No.-
In order to make a systematic approach to the study of Kuei-tzu˘ music 龜玆樂, this paper is intended to investigate the outcomes of existing studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Korean and Chinese scholars from the 1950s to the present. Most outcomes have been studied by Chinese musicologists including P'an Huai-su 播?素, Ch'ang Jen-hsia 常任俠, Chou Chi 周吉, Ho Ch'ang-lin 何昌林, Ch'iu Ch'iung-lin 丘璟蓀, Li Ping 呂氷 and so on. Also included are such Korean scholars as An Hwak 安廓, Lee Hye-ku [Yi Hye-gu] 李惠求, Song Bang-song [Song Pang-song] 宋芳松, Cho˘n In-p'yo˘ng 全仁平 and Hong Chu-hu˘i 洪周希, and also such Japanese musicologists as Kishibe Shigeo 岸邊成雄 and Hayashi Kenzo― 林謙三. The outcomes of existing studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music can be divided into two groups in a broad sence : the first group is the outcomes related directly with Kuei-tzu˘ music, while the other group, the outcomes related indirectly with Kuei-tzu˘ music. This paper consists of three parts : Ⅰ. Introduction, Ⅱ. The Main Issue : 1. Studies on Kuei-tzu˘ Music : 1) Studies on Kuei-tzu˘ Music in Ancient Period; Modal Theory Called We-tan-ch'i-sheng 五旦七聲 by Su Chih-p'o 蘇祗婆, Historical Change of Musical Scale, Musical Instruments, and General Approach to Kuei-tzu˘ Music, 2) Relation between Ancient Kuei-tzu˘ Music and Current Makam, 2. Studies of Indirectly Related with Kuie-tzu˘ Music : 1) Outcomes by Cultural Approach, 2) Outcomes by Iconographic Materials, 3) General Survey, Ⅲ. Conclusion. In conclusion it is pointed out that the outcomes of existing studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Korean scholars are very poor in comparison with those by Japanese and Chinese scholars. Translations of studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Kishibe Shigeo and Hayashi Kenzo― made a contribution to the study of Kuei-tzu˘ Music in Korea. The author, therefore, emphasizes that it is necessary to translate works on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Chinese scholars into Korean.
ADGO: analysis of differentially expressed gene sets using composite GO annotation
Nam, Dougu,Kim, Sang-Bae,Kim, Seon-Kyu,Yang, Sungjin,Kim, Seon-Young,Chu, In-Sun Oxford University Press 2006 Bioinformatics Vol.22 No.18
<P><B>Motivation:</B> Genes are typically expressed in modular manners in biological processes. Recent studies reflect such features in analyzing gene expression patterns by directly scoring gene sets. Gene annotations have been used to define the gene sets, which have served to reveal specific biological themes from expression data. However, current annotations have limited analytical power, because they are classified by single categories providing only unary information for the gene sets.</P><P><B>Results:</B> Here we propose a method for discovering composite biological themes from expression data. We intersected two annotated gene sets from different categories of Gene Ontology (GO). We then scored the expression changes of all the single and intersected sets. In this way, we were able to uncover, for example, a gene set with the molecular function <I>F</I> and the cellular component <I>C</I> that showed significant expression change, while the changes in individual gene sets were not significant. We provided an exemplary analysis for HIV-1 immune response. In addition, we tested the method on 20 public datasets where we found many ‘filtered’ composite terms the number of which reached ∼34% (a strong criterion, 5% significance) of the number of significant unary terms on average. By using composite annotation, we can derive new and improved information about disease and biological processes from expression data.</P><P><B>Availability:</B> We provide a web application (ADGO: http://array.kobic.re.kr/ADGO) for the analysis of differentially expressed gene sets with composite GO annotations. The user can analyze Affymetrix and dual channel array (spotted cDNA and spotted oligo microarray) data for four species: human, mouse, rat and yeast.</P><P><B>Contact:</B> chu@kribb.re.kr</P><P><B>Supplementary information:</B> http://array.kobic.re.kr/ADGO</P>
崔周鎬 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1991 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.4 No.-
本 硏究는 晋州農林專門大學 學生實習 圃場에서 1990年 4月부터 同年 10月까지 耽津(Tam Jin)벼를 供試品種으로 하여 施肥水準을 窒素 9kg, 12kg, 15kg, 18kg, 21kg으로 달리 栽培하여 各 施肥 水準에 따라 生育 및 收量을 調査한 바 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1) 分蘗數는 施肥水準이 높을수록 增加하는 傾向이었다. 2) 桿長과 穗長은 施肥水準이 높을수록 긴 편이었으며 穗數는 21kg區에서 약간 많았다. 3) 千粒重 및 登熟律은 9kg區에서 높았으며 21kg區에 가장 났았다. 4) 有效莖比率은 施肥水準이 增加 할수록 낮아졌다. 5) 粒數, 批重, 屑米重 및 稿重은 施肥水肥水準이 增加할수록 많았다. 6) 正租重 및 玄米重은 9kg區에서 낮았으며 15kg, 18kg, 21kg區에서는 비슷한 傾向이었다. The purpose of this study is to investigate into the effects of suppl ementary manuring upon the yield and growth and development of paddy rice The experiment for this study was carried out during the tillering stage, from April to October, 1990 at the experiment farm of Chin-ju National Agricultural and Forestry Junior College. The levels of supplementary nitrogen were, 9kg, 12kg, 15kg, 18kg, 21kg/10a. The results obtained were as follws: 1. The number of tillers increased as the fertilizing level increased. 2. The culm length and panicle length became longer as the fertilizing level went hrgher. The number of panicles per plant was slightly larger at the sub-plot of 21kg. 3. The 1,000g grain weight and percentage of ripemess were highest in the 9kg sub-plot and was lowest in the 21kg sub-plot. 4. The percentage of effective tillers showed a tendency of becoming lower as the fertilizing level increased. 5. The grain number, empty graing rice screenings and weight of dry straw increased as the fertilizing level increased. 6. The number of winnowed rice and brown rice were smallest in the 9kg sub-plot. It was similar in the sub-plots of 15kg, 18kg and 21kg.
尹宙赫 동국대학교 대학원 1985 大學院硏究論集-東國大學校 大學院 Vol.15 No.-
Capital budgeting involves the outlay of current funds in autipation of cash flow benefits to be realized in the future. Capital budgeting decisions by corporations have a major impact on capital formation and on the economic growth of a country. But the presense of inflation in the economy distorts capital budgeting decisions. The purpose of this paper is to provide organization with a practical method of incorporating the expected effects of inflation in their capital budgeting processes. An attempt has been made to discover which aspects of inflation will directly affect proposed investments and how they can be taken into account in an operational manner. This paper examines the importance of developing capital budgeting models and their extensive use in practice by showing the results of a survey of American business firms which was made to determine the capital budgeting methods that they are actually using. And this paper identifies the factors in the investors in the investment decision which are likely to be directly affected by price level changes. In estimating cash flows, it is important to take account of anticipation. Otherwise, a bias arises and there is a tendency to reject some projects that should be accepted. Finally four theoretical models, adjusted to incorporate inflationary effects are outlined and critically evaluated. Van Horne’s model appears to be practical. It is also conceptually sound. Much of his reasoning is based on economic theory and empirical observation. Many theoreticians and practical decision makers have recognized the important of inflation in capital budgeting, yet few heve attempted to incorporate its effects explicitly.
단클론항체를 이용한 타액 내 Streptococcus mutans 수준의 측정
김추성,김재곤,양연미,백병주,이경열,김미아,임수민 大韓小兒齒科學會 2010 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.37 No.2
Streptococcus mutans는 구강 내에 상존하는 치아우식증의 주요 원인균으로서 치면의 피막에 부착 후 glucan을 형성하여 세균의 군락을 이루며, 외부로부터 공급된 자당대사를 통하여 유기산을 생성함으로써 법랑질을 탈회시킨다. 치아우식 활성도의 평가를 위한 단클론항체를 이용한 방법은 진료실에서 빠른 시간 내에 간편하게 타액에 존재하는 Streptococcus mutans의 정량분석이 가능한 방법이다. 이 연구는 3세에서 6세 사이의 어린이 15명을 대상으로 자극성 타액을 채취하여 시판 중인 단클론항체를 이용한 Salivacheck Mutans, strip을 이용한 Dentocult-SM 그리고 MSB배지 배양법으로서 타액 내 Streptococcus mutans를 측정한 후 그 값을 우식경험치아수와 비교하여 상관관계를 알아보았다. Saliva-check Mutans를 이용한 방법은 Dentocult-SM과 MSB배지법과 통계학적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보였으나 (p<0.05), MSB배지법은 어린이의 우식경험치아수와 통계학적으로 유의한 결과를 나타내지 않았다 (p=0.34). Streptococcus mutans, one of the major causal agents of dental caries, is component of the dental plaque. It produces various organic acids such as lactic acid which is the end-product of glycolysis, and this leads to dental caries. A new system using species-specific monoclonal antibodies was developed to detect Streptococcus mutans in saliva. The system quickly detects salivary Streptococcus mutans in 30min and classifies the result into two levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate correlation between monoclonal antibody-based detecting system and selective medium-based detecting methods. Children's deft indices were also compared with Streptococcus mutans counts in MSB agar plate. Subjects consisted of 15 children in the age of 3 to 6 years. They were assigned to three groups: Group Ⅰ (deft index = 3), Group Ⅱ (deft index ≤ 3), Group Ⅲ (deft index ≥ 4). The results are as follows : 1. The rate of children with positive response was 13.3% and with negative response was 86.7% in the result of Saliva-check Mutans test kit. 2. There was a positive correlation between monoclonal antibody-based detecting system and selective medium-based detecting methods (p<0.05). 3. Streptococcus mutans counts in MSB agar plate were irrelevant to deft of children(p=0.34).
崔周鎬 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1999 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.12 No.-
1997년 4월부터 12월까지 진주산업대학교 학생실습포장에서 목화 10개 품종을 이면교배하여 얻은 F_1, F_2 45개 조합을 재료로 하여 생육 형질의 조합능력을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조합능력의 분산량은 GCA 및 SCA는 전형질에서 유의하여 조합능력은 상가적, 비상가적 효과가 함께 작용하였으나 형질에 따라 차이가 있었다. 2. GCA의 효과는 개화일수 및 개서일수에서는 세대에 관계없이 순천과 서산이 부의 효과를 주당개화수는 제주가 세대에 관계없이 높은 정의 효과를 나타내었다. 초장에서는 Jackson, Ouall, Stonevil 및 임성이 세대에 관계없이 정의 효과를 나타내었으며, 결과지수는 Stonevill 및 순천이 세대에 관계없이 정의 효과를 나타내었다. 삭장 및 삭폭은 세대에 관계없이 Tancot와 임성이 정의 효과를 나타내었으며, 주당전경중 및 근중은 제주에서 높은 정의 효과를 나타내었다. 3. SCA효과에서는 개화일수에서 F_1은 Tamcot×승주, F_세대에서는 Jackson×순천 조합과 개서일수에서는 F_1은 Ouall×Tamcot, F_2세대에서는 임성×순천 조합에서 높게 평가되었다. 주당개화수에서는 F_1은 승주×무안, F_2는 임성×순천조합에서 정으로 높게 평가되었다. 초장에서는 F_1은 제주×무안, F_2에서는 제주×순천 조합과, 절간장에서는 F_1은 제주×임성, F_2에서는 제주×Tamcot 조합에서 부로 평가되었다. 식장에서는 F_1은 제주×Stoneville 조합과 F_2에서는 서산×Jackson의 조합에서 정으로 평가되었다. 주당전경중에서 F_1은 제주×Stonevill 조합과 F_2에서는 서산×Stonevill 조합과, 근중에서는 양세대 공히 승주×Stonevill 조합에서 정으로 높게 평가되었다. For this study, 45 combinations of F_1 and F_2 generations were bred from 10 varieties of cotton through diallel cross during the period from April to December, 1997. The combining abilities of their growth character were analyzed with the following results: 1. In the variance of combining ability, GCA and SCA were significant in all the characters. Both the additive effect and the non-additive effect were shown in the combining ability, but the difference between characters was significant. 2. In the effect analysis of GCA, 'Soonchun' and 'Seosan' showed a negative effect in days to flowering and days to maturity, regardless of generations. In plant height, 'Jackson', 'Quall', 'Stoneville' and 'Imsung' showed a positive effect, regardless of generations. The number of fruiting branches showed a positive effect in 'Stoneville' and 'Soonchun'. Boll length and boll width showed a positive effect in 'Tamcot' and 'Imsung'. Total weight per plant and root weight showed a highly positive effect in 'Cheju'. 3. In SCA effect, days to flowering showed a highly negative effect in F_1 of 'Tamcot×Seungju' and F_2 of 'Jackson×Soonchun' combination; days to maturity, in F_1 of 'Quall×Tamcot' and F_2 of 'Imsung×Tamcot'; number of flowering per plant showed a highly positive effect in F_1 of 'Seungju×Muan' and F_2 of 'Imsung×Soonchun'; a negative effect was shown in plant height of F_1 of 'Cheju×Muan' and F_2 of 'Cheju×Soonchun', and in internode length of F_1 of 'Cheju×Imsung' and F_2 of 'Cheju×Tamcot'; boll length showed a positive effect in F_1 of 'Cheju×Stoneville' and F_2 of 'Seosan×Jackson'; a highly positive effect was shown in total weight per plant of F_1 of 'Cheju×Stoneville' and F_2 of 'Seosan×Stoneville', and in root weight of both generations of 'Seungu×Stoneville'.