Effects of sleep-inducing juice on sleep quality and heart rate variability in adults with disturbed sleep

Choun-sub Kim,Maengkyu Kim,Min-ju Kim,Hyeyoung Jung 한국영양학회 2020 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.14 No.6

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although some juices affect subjective sleep quality, there is a lack of information on the effect of a specific juice on objective sleep quality and heart rate variability (HRV) during sleep; thus the present study investigated whether a blended juice made from natural extracts influenced sleep quality and HRV during sleep in adults with disturbed sleep. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A randomized, crossover study was conducted on twenty-five adults (15/10, female/male) complaining of difficulty initiating or maintaining nighttime sleep (Pittsburgh sleep quality index [PSQI] ≥ 5). During feeding sessions (FS), subjects received sleep-inducing juice made of natural ingredients (250 mL/trial) twice a day for 8 weeks or non-FS (N-FS) for 8 weeks while maintaining normal activities. Sleep quality and parameters were recorded via wearable actigraph for 7 consecutive days, and PSQI scores were assessed before and after the intervention. HRV was also monitored at rest and during sleep. RESULTS: After receiving the sleep-inducing juice intervention (FS), PSQI scores were significantly decreased (P < 0.001) and correlated with a significant decline in fatigue severity scale and visual analogue scale levels (P < 0.05; both). HRV indices of vagal activity were significantly improved during FS (P < 0.05), and no significant differences in N-FS were observed. Sleep efficiency and total sleep time increased significantly (P < 0.05) and sleep latency, total counts, sleep fragmentation index, and movement index, decreased significantly (P < 0.05, all 4) during FS, with no significant differences-observed during N-FS. CONCLUSIONS: This study results demonstrated that an 8-week course of sleep-inducing juice has led to improve sleep quality, suggesting an enhanced cardiac vagal tone during sleep. Thus, it could be a well-tolerated option for adults with disturbed sleep.

전자담배흡연이 심장자율신경조절에 미치는 반응

김춘섭(Choun Sub Kim),김맹규(Maeng Kyu Kim) 한국생명과학회 2018 생명과학회지 Vol.28 No.5

전 세계적으로 담배흡연자의 심혈관 위험 감소와 금연을 위한 대안으로 전자담배 이용이 급속하게 확산되고 있지만 니코틴을 포함한 잠재적 유해화합물을 함유한 전자담배의 심혈관 효과는 불분명하다. 본 연구는 전자담배 사용에 따른 심장자율신경조절 변화를 관찰하고 급성적인 교감신경흥분효과 및 부교감신경활동 저하 반응을 궐련담배 흡연과 직접 비교하려는 목적으로 수행되었다. 41명의 젊고 건강한 흡연남성들을 대상으로 자료 분석을 수행하였으며, 무작위 교차 설계에 의해 1주의 wash-out period를 적용하여 전자담배와 궐련담배 세션이 각각 실시되었다. 전자담배는 흡연 시를 포함한 흡연 후 5분까지, 궐련담배의 경우 흡연 시 및 흡연 후 최대 30분까지 교감신경활성화 및 부교감신경 감소가 관찰되었다. 두 제품 간 비교에서, 흡연 시를 포함한 흡연 후 30분 동안의 HRV 분석에서 전자담배는 궐련담배에 비해 비교적 교감신경흥분효과 및 부교감신경저하에서 적은 변화수준 및 단시간 변화를 제공하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과들은 비록 전자담배가 궐련담배에 비해 심장자율신경조절에서 상대적으로 완화된 효과를 제공한다고 할지라도 전자담배 내 니코틴 및 잠재적 위험요인들을 고려해 볼 때 급성적인 교감신경흥분작용 및 부교감신경의 저하를 야기함으로 과도한 사용에 주의가 요구된다. This study aims to observe changes in heart-rate variability (HRV) indices induced by e-cigarette and conventional-cigarette smoking and to compare the differences in acute cardiac autonomic regulation. All participants (n=41) were exposed to both e-cigarette smoke (ES) and conventional cigarette smoke (CS) in a randomized crossover trial. HRV analysis was performed during each smoking session based on a recorded r-r interval 10 minutes before smoking and at specified recovery periods (REC1, 0-5 min; REC2, 5-10 min; REC3, 10-15 min; REC4, 15-20 min; REC5, 20-25 min; and REC6, 25-30 min). ES led to a significantly increased cardiac sympathetic index (LF/HF ratio) compared with the baseline, and it shifted the sympathovagal balance toward sympathetic predominance, including reduction in the complexity of the interbeat interval (SampEn). In REC1 after ES, only decreases of parasympathetic indices such as rMSSD, pNN50, HF, and SD1 were indicated. CS sessions produced not only an increased LF/HF ratio during smoking and recovery periods (REC1 and REC4) but also enhanced sympathetic predominance on autonomic balance during smoking and recovery periods (REC1, REC2, and REC4). In the CS trials, parasympathetic indices of time and non-linear analysis (rMSSD, pNN50, and SD1) were decreased during smoking and in REC1 to REC5. SampEn was also reduced during smoking and REC1 to REC4. Acute sympathoexcitatory effects induced by e-cigarette use produced statistically significant results. Parasympathetic withdrawal after smoking suggests that e-cigarettes may cause increased cardiovascular risk.

편심성 운동 후 상완이두근의 국소부위 간 기계적 속성의 차이

김춘섭 ( Choun-sub Kim ),김맹규 ( Maeng-kyu Kim ) 한국운동생리학회 2021 운동과학 Vol.30 No.3

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effects of eccentric exercise (ECC) on the indices of mechanical properties together with markers of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in different sites of the biceps brachii (BB) muscle. METHODS: ECC using an elbow joint was performed in 13 non-trained, college men. Global symptoms of EIMD were identified through changes in muscle soreness and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, including muscle function following ECC. To evaluate regional EIMD, muscle swelling and tenderness as well as muscular echo intensity were measured at distal (4 cm above the elbow joint) and middle (30% of the distance from the antecubital crease to the acromion) sites within the BB muscle. A handheld myotonometer was used to estimate changes in mechanical properties, that is, oscillation frequency (F), dynamic stiffness (S), and relaxation time (R), of BB muscles after ECC. RESULTS: A significant difference in the major markers of EIMD, such as muscle soreness and serum CK activity, along with parameters of muscle function, was observed after ECC compared to baseline. Although all indirect markers of regional muscle damage demonstrated meaningful differences between before and after ECC, no statistically significant interaction between the distal and middle sites was observed in any of the markers. After ECC, both distal and middle sites showed significant changes in F, S, and R, but no statistical differences in changes in muscle mechanical properties were observed between localized muscle sites within BB muscles. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in mechanical properties, including regional muscle damage, seem to be uniformly influenced by different anatomical locations within the BB muscle, such as elbow flexors, following ECC.

운동 중 심박변동성 반응에 대한 안정 시 심박변이도의 관여

김춘섭 ( Choun-sub Kim ),김맹규 ( Maeng-kyu Kim ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2021 운동과학 Vol.30 No.1

PURPOSE: Although resting heart rate variability (HRV) and chronotropic responses (CR) are common prognostic factor for cardiovascular disease, it is still unknown whether relationships between two variables are affected by exercise. The current study was aimed to identify correlations between resting cardiac autonomic regulation and graded exercise test-derived CR. METHODS: We recruited apparently healthy men college students aged between 20 and 29 years (n=46). They were assigned to Low-and High groups which have been determined for medians involved in resting heart rate (HR) or HRV indices such as rMSSD, HF, and LF/HF ratio, respectively. CR and post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) were calculated from HR fluctuations during and after symptom-limited graded exercise test using the Bruce protocol. RESULTS: In HRR, there were no significant differences between all Low and High groups separated by resting levels of HR or HRV indices. However, all Low groups assigned according to resting cardiac vagal-related HRV indices such as rMSSD and HF showed significantly lower CR levels than those of High groups, respectively. Moreover, CRs derived from stage 1-3 of Bruce protocol were positively correlated resting rMSSD and HF levels, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the current study suggest that resting levels of cardiac vagal-related HRV indices may have an impact on CR derived from a graded exercise test, as well as there is a significant association between resting cardiac vagal activity and HR response during incremental exercise.

단기간의 흡연중단과 유산소운동이 자율신경조절에 미치는 영향

김춘섭(Choun-Sub Kim),김맹규(Maeng-Kyu Kim) 한국생활환경학회 2014 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.21 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 3-day smoking cessation (SC) and/or aerobic exercise (AE) on the autonomic nerve system (ANS) in healthy male smokers. Seven subjects participated in an AE (session A), SC (session B), and SC + AE (session C) through randomized crossover design, consisting of 60% of heart rate reserve, 60 min/day during consecutive 3-day in healthy male smokers. After overnight fasting, the ANS activities were assessed using power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) at resting and post period. Exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) to confirm smoking status and forced vital capacity (FVC) to test pulmonary function were also measured before and after the session. Although each session does not affect FVC, CO was significantly reduced in sessions B and C, respectively (p<.05). Mean HR was significantly decreased in the session A and C, but not in the session B. The HRV parameters in session C, but not session A and B showed increased high frequency and increased SDNN, pNN50, RMSSD, respectively (p<.05). In this study, short-term aerobic exercise with smoking cessation led to a significant increase in the parasympathetic activity, suggesting these treatments will be an effective intervention for young smokers.

남자흡연대학생의 비만과 심장자율신경조절의 관련성

김춘섭(Choun Sub Kim),김맹규(Maeng Kyu Kim) 한국응용과학기술학회 (구.한국유화학회) 2019 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.36 No.1

본 연구는 담배흡연자에서 비만과 심장자율신경조절의 관련성 규명을 목적으로 수행되었다. 의료기록 및 외관상 건강한 총 85명의 남자 대학생 흡연자들을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였으며, 모든 참가자들의 안정 시 심장자율신경조절 평가를 위해 단기간 표준프로토콜에 따른 심박변이도(heart rate variability, HRV) 지표들을 산출하였다. 한편 체질량지수, 체지방률, 허리둘레 및 허리/엉덩이 둘레비는 표준 비만지표로서 활용되었다. 연구결과 허리/엉덩이 둘레비를 기준으로 분류된 상위집단은 하위집단에 비해 부교감신경활동을 반영하는 HRV의 rMSSD, pNN50, HF 및 SD1에서 유의하게 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 그러나 HRV의 교감신경활동지수 LF/HF에서는 집단 간 통계적 차이가 없었다. 또한 상관분석 결과 시간, 주파수 및 비선형영역의 HRV 부교감신경 지수들이 체질량지수와 관련하지 않는 반면 허리둘레, 허리/ 엉덩이 둘레비 및 체지방률과 같은 비만지표들과는 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 특히 허리둘레와 체지방률에 비해 허리/엉덩이 둘레비가 부교감신경활동과 더 밀접하게 관련하는 경향을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과들은 남자 대학생 흡연자들에서 전반적인 비만도를 반영하는 체질량지수와는 독립적으로 중심부 비만이 심장부교감신경 저하와 관련하는 주된 상관 요인임을 뒷받침한다. This study aimed to explore the association between obesity index and heart rate variability (HRV) in college-aged male smokers. A total of 85 male college students (> 10 cigarettes per day for at least 3 years) were participated in this study. According to a standardized protocol, body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (%BF), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were taken as obesity indices. Resting r-r interval was monitored for HRV analysis as an indicator of cardiac autonomic regulation. Compared with low WHR subjects, high WHR subjects had significantly lower values of rMSSD, pNN50, HF, and SD1, suggesting decreased parasympathetic activity. No such differences in LF/HF ratio were found between the WHR-based subgroups. Bivariate correlation analysis showed that obesity indices of WC, WHR, and %BF were significantly associated with rMSSD, pNN50, HF, and SD1, with a tendency for correlation coefficient to be higher with WHR than with WC or %BF. No significant association was found between BMI and HRV parameters indicative of parasympathetic activity. This study suggest that central obesity is significantly associated with decrease in parasympathetic activation, independent of BMI as an indicator of obesity, in male college smokers.

Base curves of therapeutic lenses and their effects on post Epi-LASIK vision and pain: A prospective randomized clinical trial

Kim, Jung-Sub,Na, Kyung-Sun,Joo, Choun-Ki Springer-Verlag 2009 Japanese journal of ophthalmology Vol.53 No.4

Loss of Stemness by Suppression of Kruppel-Like Factor 5 in Human Limbal Stem Cells

( Woo June Hur ),( Jun Sub Choi ),( Choun Ki Joo ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2011 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.8 No.2

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of endogenous Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) in human limbal stem cells (hLSCs). The hLSCs were isolated from the corneoscleral rims of donors after corneal transplantation. Isolated cells were co-cultured with mitomycin-c (MMC)-treated fibroblasts. HLSCs were treated with siRNA directed against KLF5, and effects on stemness were analyzed using colony forming efficacy (CFE). ABCG2, OCT4 and P63 as markers of hLSCs, cytokeratin 3 (CK3) and E-cadherin as markers of differentiation were confirmed by RT-PCR, western blotting assay, immunocytochemistry. And corneal epithelialization of the limbal stem cells was confirmed by air-lift 3d-culture. The number of colony (larger than 1 mm in diameter) in KLF5 siRNA treated-group was observed lower than that of control groups (non-treated group and negative siRNA treated-group). And expression of PCNA, OCT4, ABCG2 and P63 were decreased by KLF5 siRNA treatment. On the other hand, expression of cyclin D1, CK3 and E-cadherin were increased in KLF5 siRNA treated-group. Additionally, the limbal stem cells with klf5 siRNA treatment had not formed multi-layers in air-lift 3d-culture. In this study, suppression of KLF5 expression in hLSCs induced the loss of their stemness. These results suggested that KLF5 is closely relative to proliferation and stemness of hLSCs in cornea.

MicroRNA miR-466 inhibits Lymphangiogenesis by targeting prospero-related homeobox 1 in the alkali burn corneal injury model

Seo, Minkoo,Choi, Jun-Sub,Rho, Chang Rae,Joo, Choun-Ki,Lee, Suk Kyeong BioMed Central 2015 JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE -BASEL- Vol.22 No.1

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Lymphangiogenesis is one of the major causes of corneal graft rejection. Among the lymphangiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and -D are considered to be the most potent. Both bind to VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR3) to activate Prospero homeobox 1 (Prox1), a transcription factor essential for the development and maintenance of lymphatic vasculature. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) bind to the 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) of target genes in a sequence-specific manner and suppress gene expression. In the current study, we searched for miRNAs that target the pro-lymphangiogenic factor Prox1.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Among the miRNAs predicted by the bioinformatic analysis to seed match with the 3' UTR of Prox-1, we chose 3 (miR-466, miR-4305, and miR-4795-5p) for further investigation. Both the miR-466 and miR-4305 mimics, but not the miR-4795-5p mimic, significantly reduced the luciferase activity of the Prox-1 3' UTR reporter vector. In primary lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLEC), miR-466 mimic transfection suppressed Prox1 mRNA and protein expression, while miR-4305 mimic transfection did not. Experiments using mutated reporter constructs of the two possible seed match sites on the 3' UTR of Prox1 suggested that the target site 2 directly bound miR-466. HDLEC transfected with the miR-466 mimic suppressed tube formation as compared to the scrambled control. Furthermore, HDLEC transfected with a miR-466 inhibitor showed enhanced tube formation as compared to control inhibitor transfected cells, and this inhibitory effect was counteracted by Prox1 siRNA. The miR-466 mimic reduced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis resulting in clearer corneas in an cornea injury rat model compared to the scrambled control.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our data suggest that miR-446 may have a protective effect on transplanted corneas by suppressing Prox1 expression at the post-transcriptional level. The results of the current study may provide insights into the mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis resulting from corneal graft rejection and alkali-burn injuries, as well as into the development of new treatments for lymphangiogenic eye diseases.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-014-0104-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>

Two-photon microscopy of a Flt1 peptide-hyaluronate conjugate

Beack, Songeun,Choi, Jun-Sub,Lee, Jun Ho,Kim, Hyemin,Kim, Ki Hean,Joo, Choun-Ki,Hahn, Sei Kwang Future Medicine 2015 Nanomedicine Vol.10 No.15