국가위기관리의 통합성에 관한 연구 ‘천안함 사건과 세월호 사고를 중심으로’

주충근(Joo choong-guen) 한국콘텐츠학회 2021 한국콘텐츠학회지 Vol.19 No.2

‘국가위기관리의 통합성’이란 국가 위기를 효율적으로 관리하기 위하여 국가위기관리 활동의 제반 노력을 통합시키고 시너지 효과를 발휘하게 하는 것이다. 우리나라의 국가위기관리체제는 평시와 전시로 구분되고 다시 전통적 안보 위기와 재난 위기로 구분되어 있다. 유형별 위기를 관리하기 위한 제반 법령과 조직, 자원 운용 등은 분산되고 복잡하여 위기 발생 시 컨트롤타워를 비롯하여 주관기관과 책임기관 등의 대응에 있어 신속한 통합성이 발휘되지 않아 많은 난맥상이 나타나고 있어 개선이 시급한 실정이다. 그래서 관련 사실과 선행연구를 종합적으로 분석하여 국가위기관리의 난맥상을 극복할 수 있는 ‘국가위기관리의 통합성’ 개념을 새롭게 정립하였다. 위기 발생 시 국가위기관리의 신속한 통합성 발휘를 보장하기 위한 중점요소는 위기 인식과 리더십, 위기관리 기구 및 조직 운영, 위기관리 정보유통, 위기관리 정책실행, 위기관리 학습의 5개 분야를 식별하였고 분야별로 실행과제를 제시하였다. 아울러 본 연구를 통해 국가위기관리의 통합성이 신속히 발휘되기 위해서는 전 정부 부처와 지방자치단체의 통합적인 노력에 더하여 국회, 언론 등 관련 기관 및 국내외 가용한 민간영역의 지원과 노력의 통합이 필요하며 국민적 지지와 동참을 위한 공감대 형성도 요구되었다. The integrity of ‘national crisis management’(NCM) means to unify all efforts for NCM activities and to exert a synergy effect for the efficient management of the national crisis. Korea’s NCM system is divided into peacetime and wartime, and it is divided into traditional security crisis and disaster crisis. The laws, organizations, and resource management for managing each type of crisis are dispersed and complicated, so when a crisis occurs, prompt integration is not shown in the response of the control tower, the supervising agency, and the responsible agency, resulting in many difficulties. It is an urgent matter. Therefore, the concept of integrity of NCM was newly established by comprehensively analyzing relevant facts and previous studies to overcome the difficulties of NCM. Five areas were identified as key factors to ensure rapid integration of NCM in the event of a crisis: crisis awareness and leadership, crisis management organization and organization operation, crisis management information distribution, crisis management policy implementation, and crisis management learning. Action tasks were presented for each field. In addition, in order for the integration of NCM to work quickly through this study, in addition to the integrated efforts of all government ministries and local governments, it is necessary to integrate support and efforts from relevant organizations such as the National Assembly and the media, as well as from the private sector available at home and abroad. The formation of a consensus for public support and participation was also required.

Antimicrobial Substance of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Kimchi

Choong Min Ye(예충민),Kang Moon Lee(이강문),O Mi Lee(이오미),Sun Young Lee(이선영),Guen Sam Song(송근삼),Tae Young Yoon(윤태영) 한국생물공학회 2004 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2004 No.10

Hypothyroid state does not protect but delays neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region following transient cerebral ischemia: Focus on oxidative stress and gliosis

Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Hwang, In Koo,Choi, Jung Hoon,Park, Ok Kyu,Li, Hua,Kang, Il-Jun,Kwon, Young-Guen,Kim, Young-Myeong,Won, Moo Ho Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Journal of neuroscience research Vol.88 No.12

<P>We investigated protective effects of hypothyroidism on delayed neuronal death, gliosis, lipid peroxidation and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. The hypothyroidism was induced by 0.025% methimazole treatment. Free triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels were markedly decreased in the hypothyroid group. Four days after ischemia/reperfusion, only a few NeuN-immunoreactive (+) neurons were detected in the CA1 of euthyroid-ischemia (eu-ischemia) group; however, at this time point, the number of NeuN<SUP>+</SUP> neurons was significantly higher in the hypothyroid-ischemia (hypo-ischemia) group than in the eu-ischemia group. At 5 days postischemia, NeuN<SUP>+</SUP> neurons were significantly decreased in the hypo-ischemia group: The number of NeuN<SUP>+</SUP> neurons in this group was similar to that in the eu-ischemia group. Activations of GFAP<SUP>+</SUP> astrocytes and Iba-1<SUP>+</SUP> microglia in the CA1 were higher in the eu-ischemia group 3 and 4 days after ischemia/reperfusion. At 5 days postischemia, the activations of both the glial cells in the CA1 were similar between the two groups. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a marker for lipid peroxidation, immunoreactivity in the eu-ischemia group was higher than in the hypo-ischemia group; at 5 days postischemia, the immunoreactivity was similar between the two groups. In contrast, SOD1 level was lower in the CA1 of the eu-ischemia group. These results suggest that hypothyroid state does not protect against delayed neuronal death but only delays the neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region after transient cerebral ischemia by reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing SOD1. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>

Pre- and post-treatments with escitalopram protect against experimental ischemic neuronal damage via regulation of BDNF expression and oxidative stress

Lee, Choong Hyun,Park, Joon Ha,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Choi, Jung Hoon,Hwang, In Koo,Ryu, Pan Dong,Kim, Do-Hoon,Kwon, Young-Guen,Kim, Young-Myeong,Won, Moo-Ho Elsevier 2011 Experimental neurology Vol.229 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI) have been widely used in treatment of major depression because of their efficacy, safety, and tolerability. Escitalopram, an SSRI, is known to decrease oxidative stress in chronic stress animal models. In the present study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of pre- and post-treatments with 20mg/kg and 30mg/kg escitalopram in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) after transient cerebral ischemia. Pre-treatment with escitalopram protected against ischemia-induced neuronal death in the CA1 after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Post-treatment with 30mg/kg, not 20mg/kg, escitalopram had a neuroprotective effect against ischemic damage. In addition, 20mg/kg pre- and 30mg/kg post-treatments with escitalopram increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels in the ischemic CA1 compared to vehicle-treated ischemia animals. In addition, 20mg/kg pre- and 30mg/kg post-treatments with escitalopram reduced microglia activation and decreased 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase immunoreactivity and their levels in the ischemic CA1 compared to vehicle-treated ischemia animals after transient cerebral ischemia. In conclusion, these results indicated that pre- and post-treatments with escitalopram can protect against ischemia-induced neuronal death in the CA1 induced by transient cerebral ischemic damage by increase of BDNF as well as decrease of microglia activation and oxidative stress.</P> <P><B>Research highlights</B></P><P>► Pre- and post-treatments with escitalopram protect against ischemia-induced neuronal death. ► Treatment with escitalopram increases BDNF immunoreactivity and protein levels after ischemic damage. ► Treatment with escitalopram attenuates microglia activation and oxidative stress.</P>

Melatonin's protective action against ischemic neuronal damage is associated with up-regulation of the MT2 melatonin receptor

Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Choi, Jung Hoon,Park, Ok Kyu,Hwang, In Koo,Kwon, Young-Guen,Kim, Young-Myeong,Won, Moo-Ho Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Journal of neuroscience research Vol.88 No.12

<P>Melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant and has protective effects against ischemic damage. In the present study, we examined the relationship between the neuroprotective effects of melatonin and the activation of MT2 melatonin receptor in the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) after transient cerebral ischemia. MT2 immunoreactivity and protein levels were increased in the CA1 after ischemic damage. Most of MT2-immunoreactive cells were colocalized with astrocytes, not microglia, in the ischemic CA1. In the melatonin-sham group, MT2 immunoreaction and protein levels were increased compared with the sham group, and MT2 immunoreactivity and its protein levels in the melatonin-ischemia group were similar to those in the melatonin-sham group. In addition, melatonin treatment attenuated the activation of astrocytes and microglia. These results indicate that MT2 are increased and expressed in astrocytes in the ischemic region after an ischemic insult. The activation of MT2 melatonin receptor in the CA1 after melatonin treatment may be involved in the neuroprotective effect associated with melatonin after ischemic injury. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>

Floc Monitoring을 이용한 P-CAP system의 총인 제거에 관한 연구

최충호 ( Choong Ho Choi ),심재휘 ( Jae Hwi Shim ),송경근 ( Kyung Guen Song ),차호영 ( Ho Young Cha ) 한국물환경학회 ( 구 한국수질보전학회 ) 2012 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2012 No.-

하수처리장 방류수의 총인 제거를 위한 P-CAP 시스템에서 PDA 기법의 활용가능성에 대한 연구

최충호 ( Choong Ho Choi ),맹승규 ( Sung Kyu Maeng ),심재휘 ( Jae Hwi Sim ),최진호 ( Jin Ho Choi ),송경근 ( Kyung Guen Song ),이병하 ( Byung Ha Lee ),차호영 ( Ho Young Cha ) 한국물환경학회 2012 한국물환경학회지 Vol.28 No.5

Recently, to using chemical coagulation process for T-P removal in STP effluent as tertiary treatment process is generalized in the country. The importance of analysis technique to save the treatment & maintenance cost during coagulation process is becoming more increased each day. Thus, it is necessary for the analysis technique during coagulation process to be presented well the characteristic of coagulation in field apply. There are a few analysis techniques such as Jar Test, zeta potential analysis and streaming current detecting techniques. But there are difficult to apply in field immediately due to long test time and difficult analysis techniques. And using PDA technique, it is reviewed applicability of the techniques as field index on pilot plant of P-CAP system The P-CAP system is composed of an in-line static mixer, a Flocculation Tank and the CAP reactor with 2 stage weir for effluent. Pre-test is performed to fix the mixing velocity in the Flocculation Tank using the PDA equipment and it fixed with 30RPM. Also, Jar Test is performed to select optimum dose of each coagulant for each T-P concentration level of influent. Result of continuous test on pilot plant of P-CAP system, the FSI in the Flocculation Tank is increased consistently by increasing each dosing concentration of coagulant such as LAS and PAC in the low level influent T-P concentration comparatively. It is considered that formed Al-hydroxide complexes for dosed coagulant are caused FSI variation. Furthermore, it seems that FSI value in the high level influent T-P concentration appeared lower than the opposite influent condition relatively because it is formed simultaneously Al-hydroxide complexes as solid type and Al-phosphorus complexes as soluble type. Thus, relation of FSI by PDA technique and T-P removal of final effluent on pilot plant of P-CAP system are very limited for the kind of coagulant and the characteristics of influent. And it though that FSI value by PDA technique with analyzing of turbidity in Flocculation Tank will be used restrictedly on field as the relative field-index.

분기기 시스템 고장 판단 시스템 설계에 관한 연구

박성근(Seong-Guen Park),이종우(Jong-Woo Lee),추은상(Eun-Sang Choo),홍항설(Hang-Seol Hong),김민성,유흥렬(Heung-Yeol Yoo),모충선(Choong-Seon Mo),권순정(Soon-Jeong Kwon) 대한전기학회 2014 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.7

Vertebral Venous Congestion That May Mimic Vertebral Metastasis on Contrast-Enhanced Chest Computed Tomography in Chemoport Inserted Patients

Shin Jeong In,Chee Choong Guen,Yoon Min A,Chung Hye Won,Lee Min Hee,Lee Sang Hoon 대한영상의학회 2024 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.25 No.1

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vertebral venous congestion (VVC) in patients with chemoport insertion, evaluate the imaging characteristics of nodular VVC, and identify the factors associated with VVC. Materials and Methods: This retrospective single-center study was based on follow-up contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) of 1412 adult patients who underwent chemoport insertion between January 2016 and December 2016. The prevalence of venous stenosis, reflux, and VVC were evaluated. The imaging features of nodular VVC, including specific locations within the vertebral body, were analyzed. To identify the factors associated with VVC, patients with VVC were compared with a subset of patients without VVC who had been followed up for > 3 years without developing VVC after chemoport insertion. Toward this, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: After excluding 333 patients, 1079 were analyzed (mean age ± standard deviation, 62.3 ± 11.6 years; 540 females). The prevalence of VVC was 5.8% (63/1079), with all patients (63/63) demonstrating vertebral venous reflux and 67% (42/63) with innominate vein stenosis. The median interval between chemoport insertion and VVC was 515 days (interquartile range, 204–881 days). The prevalence of nodular VVC was 1.5% (16/1079), with a mean size of 5.9 ± 3.1 mm and attenuation of 784 ± 162 HU. Nodular VVC tended to be located subcortically. Forty-four patients with VVC underwent CT examinations with contrast injections in both arms; the VVC disappeared in 70% (31/44) when the contrast was injected in the arm contralateral to the chemoport site. Bevacizumab use was independently associated with VVC (odds ratio, 3.45; P < 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of VVC and nodular VVC was low in patients who underwent chemoport insertion. Nodular VVC was always accompanied by vertebral venous reflux and tended to be located subcortically. To avoid VVC, contrast injection in the arm contralateral to the chemoport site is preferred.

요추 후관절 주사: 임상적 유용성과 안전성에 대한 고찰

Yoonah Do,Eugene Lee,Choong Guen Chee,Joon Woo Lee 대한영상의학회 2024 대한영상의학회지 Vol.85 No.1

Facet joint arthrosis is a progressive degenerative disease that is frequently associated with other spinal degenerative disorders such as degenerative disc disease or spinal stenosis. Lumbar facet joint arthrosis can induce pain in the proximal lower extremities. However, symptoms and imaging findings of “facet joint syndrome” are not specific as they mimic the pain from herniated discs or nerve root compression. Currently, evidence for therapeutic intra-articular lumbar facet joint injections is still considered low, with a weak recommendation strength. Nevertheless, some studies have reported therapeutic effectiveness of facet joint injections. Moreover, the use of therapeutic facet joint injections in clinical practice has increased. This review article includes opinions based on the authors’ experience with facet joint injections. This review primarily aimed to investigate the efficacy of lumbar facet joint injections and consider their associated safety aspects. 후관절병증은 퇴행성 추간판 질환 또는 척추관 협착증과 같은 척추 퇴행성 질환과 잘 동반되는 진행성 퇴행성 질환이다. 요추의 후관절병증은 근위부 하지의 통증을 유발할 수 있지만그 증상과 영상 소견이 비특이적이기 때문에 추간판 탈출증이나 신경근 압박에 의한 통증과감별이 어렵다. 또한 치료적 요추 후관절 내 스테로이드 주사는 현재까지 그 근거가 낮다고분류되어 있으나, 다른 여러 연구들에서는 후관절 내 스테로이드 주사의 치료적 효과를 보고하고 있다. 실제 진료 현장에서는 치료적 후관절 내 스테로이드 주사 시술이 증가하고 있는추세로, 본 종설에서는 후관절 내 주사에 대한 저자들의 경험을 바탕으로 요추 후관절 내 주사의 임상적 유용성 및 시술의 안전성에 대해서 소개하고자 한다.