제7차 초등 실과 교육내용의 평가와 개선 방향

이춘식 韓國實科敎育硏究學會 2003 實科敎育硏究 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate of practical arts contents and to present the practical strategy based on content standards and teaching-learning in 7th national curriculum. The study was carried out through review of literature, questionnaire survey of practical arts contents, and special group meeting of practical arts subject. The findings of this study were as follows: First, according to the survey evaluation, attached importance contents were 'considering the family', 'planning career', 'balanced dinning', 'making the food with rice', 'planting vegetable', 'domesticating pet animal', 'handling electric equipment', 'wood working', 'searching information', 'arranging desk and clothes', 'cleaning waste', 'making by recycling product' by elementary students, their parents, and practical arts specialists. Second, when newly building the practical arts curriculum, the content standards will be used to practical material. The content standards were developed respectively that five of technology area, eleven one of home economics area, five of bioscience area, and seventeen of shared area. Finally, for elevation the efficiently teaching-learning method of practical arts lesson, the useful method was classified by activity-centered method(investigation, problem solving, project learning, field trip, role play, and shop practice), cooperative-centered method (Double Expert Jigsaw, Co-op/Co-op, and Co-op Jigsaw I), and module learning method.

기술 수업에서 프로젝트 학습의 절차

이춘식 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교육과학연구소 2005 교육과학연구 Vol.36 No.2

이 연구는 기술과의 활동 수업에서 프로젝트 학습을 효과적으로 적용하기 위하여 이에 적절한 프로젝트 학습의 절차적인 단계를 구안하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 먼저 기술 수업에 적절한 교수-학습 방법을 종합적으로 논의하고, 기술과 프로젝트 학습에 대한 사례를 분석하였다. 그리고 기술과 활동 수업에 적절한 프로젝트 학습 단계를 구안한 후, 구안한 프로젝트 학습단계를 실제 수업에 적용한 후 수정?보완하였다. 프로젝트 학습의 절차를 구안하기 위하여 학교를 방문하여 기술 수업을 관찰하였고, 담당 교사와의 면담을 통해 해당 교수-학습 방법의 문제점을 찾고 개선점을 모색하였다. 연구자가 구안한 학습의 단계에 따라 교수-학습 자료를 개발한 후 실제의 기술 수업에 적용한 후 이 과정에서 제기된 문제점을 수정?보완하여 최종 프로젝트 학습의 단계를 확인하였다. 이러한 프로젝트 학습을 효과적으로 적용할 수 있는 단계에서 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 기술 수업에서 대표적인 교수-학습 방법 중의 하나인 프로젝트 학습은 만들기 활동이 주가 되는 기술적 활동 단원에 적합하다. 프로젝트 학습이 어떤 유형의 내용이든 활용될 수는 있으나 기술 수업의 경우에서는 만들기 활동에 적절하였다. 둘째, 이 연구에서 구안한 프로젝트 학습 적용 단계는 6단계였다. 즉, 준비하기, 프로젝트 선정하기, 정보 탐색하기, 설계하기, 만들기, 평가하기가 바로 그것이다. 이 여섯단계는 기존의 프로젝트 학습 4단계보다 수업에 적용해야할 내용이 명료화되었으며 기술교사가 쉽게 적용할 수 있었다. In the 7th national curriculum of Technology & Home Economics subject, the curriculum designers have suggested various teaching and learning methods such as the project method, the problem-solving method, cooperation method, and the investigation method for high quality instruction. Guidelines and teaching materials are needed to develop technology teachers and home economics teachers for the effective acquisition of subject goals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the project learning and problem-based learning methods and to develop instructional process of project learning of Technology class at middle school level. For the purpose of the study, the researchers have observed the Technology class at the middle school. And the researcher have interviewed teachers to find out the process of and the problems with instruction. Traditionally, the project method consisted of purposing, planning, executing, and evaluation processes. But the process of project learning is too broad for technology teachers to apply in technological activity class. The results of this study provide the six steps of project learning for technology class. According to the synthesis of data, the project learning for technology class identified six steps - 'Preparing the project', 'Selecting the project', 'Exploring the information', 'Designing', 'Making', and 'Evaluating'.

낙엽송, 소나무, 리기테다소나무조림지내 탄소저장량의 정량적 비교

김춘식,김우룡,안현철 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2004 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.17 No.-

This study was carried out to evaluate carbon storage of three coniferous plantations (Larix kaempferi, Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigitaeda) growing on similar site with a same planting age (42-year old) in the Sambong Exhibition Forests located in Hamyang-gun, Gyungsangnam-do. Aboveground biomass carbon of three plantations was 77.2tC/ha for P. rigitaeda, 46.3tC/ha for L. kaempferi and 30.7tC/ha for P. densiflora, given basal area of 35.6㎡/ha, 26.4㎡/ha, and 18.3㎡/ha, respectively. The plantations stored 176.1tC/ha for P. rigitaeda, 143.6tC/ha for L. kaempferi and 139.8tC/ha for P. densiflora. The soil carbon ranged from 53.5% to 73.6% of the plantation carbon storage. Soil carbon storage in 0~20cm depth stayed relatively constant throughout the plantation's development and was not affected by plantation types. The difference of carbon storage among three plantations was attributable largely to changes in aboveground biomass carbon storage.

검인정 교과서의 선정 제도 개선을 위한 델파이 조사 연구 : Delphi Survey for Improvement of the Textbook Selection System

이춘식 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2014 교과교육학연구 Vol.18 No.3

이 연구는 교과서 선정 교사 전문가 델파이 조사응 통하여 검인정 교과서의 선정제도를 개선하기 위한 방안을 구인하여 기초자료를 제공하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이 목적을 달성하기 위하여 교과서 저문가인 15명의 패녈을 구성하여 3차에 걸친 델파이 조사르 하였다. 이 연구에 사용된 델파이형태는 표준 델파이라고 할 수 있는 지필형을 선택하였다. 델파이 조사는 2014년 5월부터 7월까지 수행되었으며, 3회에 걸쳐서 조사를 하였다. 델파이 조사를 통해 연구의 결로넹 해당하는 교과서 선정 제도를 개선 방안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교과서 선정 단위에 있어서는, 현재와 같이 개별 학교 단위에서 교과서를 선정하되, 소규모 학교에서는 자발적인 교과서 선정 공동 위원회를 두어 효육적으로 교과서를 선정하도록 한다. 둘째, 교과서 선정 과정과 절차에 대한 개선안으로는, 교과서 선정을 위해 전시본 제공 시에 지도서 및 학습용 CD 등을 제공하여 종합적인 교과서 선정이 될 수 있도록 한다. 셋째, 교과서 선정 후 수시 변경에 대한 개선안으로는, 교과서 사용 중에 필요한 따라 새로운 학년의 교과서를 변경하고자 할 때에는 선정 과정을 간소화하여 하교와 학생들의 수준에 적절한 교과서를 사용할 수 있도록 한다. 넷째, 교과서 선정 시 발행사의 공동 설명회 기회 부여에 대한 개선안으로는,시․도교육청에서 주관하고 발행사가 다양한 교수학습 자료를 전시하는 설명회를 제공하도록 한다. The purpose of this study was to survey improvement ideas for the approved and authorized textbook selection system for elementary and secondary schools. The purpose of the study was to elicit suggestions for the selection unit, the selection process, and the textbook display and presentation exhibition. To achieve this goal, a literature review and Delphi survey were conducted. A review of the literature was carried out to complete a questionnaire on the textbook selection system. The Delphi survey was a standard Delphi paper/pencil survey, conducted three times between April 1st and July 20th of 2014. The panel for the Delphi survey was composed of 15 teachers from elementary, middle, and high school levels. In order to achieve improvement idea for a particular textbook, the survey data of the secondary and tertiary questionnaires were analyzed for statistical averages, standard deviations, and CVR (content validity ratio) values. The conclusions were as follows: First, with respect to textbook selection, the textbook should be selected by individual schools as per the present system. A small size school, however, would need a joint committee for textbook selection. Second, with respect to improvements in the textbook selection process, the textbooks should be displayed with the teachers guidebooks, as well as with the teaching and learning materials, which would include any CDs. Third, with respect to the changing of a textbook, the process of textbook selection should be simplified to enhance student learning. Finally, with respect to publisher joint presentations, the event should be managed by City and Provincial Offices of Education and assisted by textbook publish companies.

묘포지내 토양개량제 처리가 토양 이산화탄소 방출에미치는 영향

김춘식,안현철,조현서,추갑철 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2007 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.20 No.-

묘포지에 토양 토양개량제인 목탄 500g, 목탄 500g+퇴비 1000g, 목탄 500g+요소 50g 을 토양에 처리한 후 토양특성 및 토양이산화탄소 방출량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 토양개량제 처리구의 토양용적밀도, 토양수분, 토양온도는 대조구인 무처리구와 차이가 없었다. 그러나 토양pH의 경우 목탄, 목탄+퇴비처리구의 토양 pH는 대조구에 비해 높아졌으나, 목탄 +요소처리구는 대조구에 비해 토양 pH가 낮아졌다. 평균 토양 이산화탄소 방출량의 경우 대조구의 경우 0.62gCO_(2)/m^(2)/h, 목탄처리구 0.64gCO_(2)/m^(2)/h, 목탄+퇴비처리구 0.68gCO_(2)/m^(2)/h, 목탄+요소처리구 0.58gCO_(2)/m^(2)/h 로서 목탄+요소처리구가 가장 낮은 방출량을 보였다. This study was carried out to evaluate effects on soil property and soil CO2 efflux following soil conditioner treatments (wood charcoal 500g, wood charcoal 500g+compost 1000g, wood charcoal 500g+urea 50g) in a forest nursery. Soil bulk density, soil moisture content and soil temperature were not different between soil conditioner treatments and control. However, soil pH was higher in wood charcoal and wood charcoal+compost treatments than in control, while soil pH was lower in wood charcoal+urea treatment than in other treatments. Soil CO2 efflux was highest in wood charcoal+compost (0.68gCO_(2)/m^(2)/h), followed by wood charcoal (0.64gCO_(2)/m^(2)/h), control (0.62gCO_(2)/m^(2)/h), and wood charcoal+urea (0.58gCO_(2)/m^(2)/h) treatments.

동아시아 정부 산업정책에 있어서 구조주의와 전략주의

권춘식 한국경상학회, 한국국민경제학회 2003 경제연구 Vol.21 No.2

본 연구는 동아시아 발전국가들의 산업정책을 정치 경제적으로 논하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 동아시아 각 국의 발전은 전통적으로 공동체의식, 우수한 관료의 육성, 교육적 바탕 등에서 찾고 있다. 본 연구에서는 그러한 발전 요소들이 구체적으로 정부의 어떤 산업정책으로 차별화 되어 나타났는가? 그리고 그것을 이론적으로 어떻게 설명할 것인가를 다루었다. 이러한 시도에 대하여 본 연구에서는 동아시아 발전논리를 구조주의와 전략주의에서 찾고자 하였다. 구조주의 산업정책의 결과로 동아시아는 급격한 시장성과를 달성하였다. 동시에 동아시아는 세계가 하나의 경기장이며, 오직 이기는 자에게만 상이 돌아가게 하는 전략주의 산업정책을 채택했다. 이와 같은 구조주의와 전략주의는 실제 방법론에서는 다르지만, 적어도 동아시아에서의 경제적 성과에서는 공통적으로 작용했다고 보았다. 그러나 전략주의 산업정책이 동아시아에서 자유와 경쟁을 촉진시켰고, 산업정책의 최종 목표인 ‘시장 확장’을 더욱 가속화시켰다는 점이 크게 인정된다고 논증했다. The purpose of this thesis is the role of industry policy in t h e industrialization of East Asian economies. It is difficult t o draw definite conclusions about the overall effect of the role of government intervention in East Asian development. In this thesis. It distinguishes two strand sin this literature : the structuralist and the strategic trade models. Since the early 1980s, an alternative explanation, the structuralist model has emerged which has attributed the economic success of the Northeast Asian economies to selective intervention by the state . The neoclassical explanation has been challenged, in words of Islam, by a 'statist counter- revolution'. The dynamism of the Northeast Asian economies has been reinterpreted as flowing from 'the logic of the development state'. While the structuralist literature was gaining prominent, some economists were developing a new theoretical rationale for active intervention by government to pursue a 'strategic trade policy'. The government, it was said , targets a series of new industries in succession, leaving subsidies in place just long enough for long-run competitiveness t o be assured. In this way, industries a r e 'sliced off one another. Strategic industrial model believed t h e importance t o modern industrial competition of economies of scale, of learning-by-doing, and of externalities stemming from research and development. these 'East Asia's dynamic effects' associated with t h e development of 'strategic' high-technology industries were said t o enhance productivity.

섭동계수를 갖는 단일 자기부상 시스템의 강인한 제어기 개발에 관한 연구

이형기,변기식,신춘식,탁한호 釜山工業大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

A EMS(Electro Magnet Suspension) nonlinear system is linearized by using Taylor series expansion around nominal point. A method of stability analysis for a low-order characteristic equation with perturbed coefficients is proposed. A PID controller to the linearized EMS system is designed by the method. Computer simulations are carried out in the system with the controller for various masses.

地域經濟發展의 地域産業關聯分析에 의한 方案 : 束草地域經濟圈을 중심으로

崔茂一,權春植 관동대학교 1996 關大論文集 Vol.24 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships and roles between local industries and local government under the conditions of regional economic potentialities. The local industry in our county, we know, has played a major role in National economic growth and made a great contribution to employment and income increase since 1989, the beginning year of the sixth economic development plan. But we can regard the rapid urbanization and the severe local capital shortage phenomena as a characteristic of modern local society. thus, the purpose of this study is searching for the appropriate local policies to solve the problem of local capital accumulation shortage, by analyzing the demand and supply situation to solve the problem of local capital accumulation shortage, by analyzing the demand and supply situation or condition in local Industrial organization. The nature of local problem must be explained by the widening gap between demand and supply for local industries. In our case study, we also know that regional economy is affected greatly according to the local industry structure. So, we must cultivate many local firms and our local government must help the effort local firm. Them we can describe the following problems for the present regional industries. 1) Shortage of local capital accumulation. 2) Low rate of local government investment for local industry program. 3) Shortage of regional characteristic in national industry polices. And so, we can suggest the several policies for to break through the local industry shortage. 1) Strengthen the control system of the factors related to regional capital demand. 2) Cultivate lots of local firms and their local funds. 3) Increase the public industry supply of local government. 4) Develope the high tech-tour town in the main city district.

종격동 종괴를 의심케한 우대동맥궁 1례

김만우,백학연,정춘해,장경식,홍순표,조건국,김종진 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1987 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.12 No.1

Developmental anomalies of the aortic arch, commonly known as vascular rings, are relatively rare congenital vascular anomalies which can compress the trachea and esophagus. One routine chest film of a patient who was checked and hepatoma-diagnosed in Internal Medicine, Chosun University Hospital left the room for doubt of mediastinal mass. But no subjective symptoms for the mass was told by the patient. This is to report our experience of a patient having right side aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery, as proved by diagnosis, but none of congenital heart disease. This right side aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery is the most frequent type among right aortic arch, the anomaly of which is usually detected from the incidental suspicion for mediastinal mass at routine chest film; because no symptoms are accompanied therewith.

백서에서 신 허혈성 손상에 미치는 칼슘 길항제의 효과

문철웅,정종훈,박천국,이승일,배학연,장경식,김만우,정춘해,홍순표,이병래,김호중 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1993 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.18 No.1

Renal ischemia is one of the most common causes of acute renal failure. Four factors related to the pathogenesis of acute renal failure are vasoconstriction, decreased glomerular filtration rate, tubular back leak of filtrate, and intratubular obstruction. The cellular response to renal ischemic insults include decreased content of adenosine trihosphate, lipid peroxidation induced membrane degradation, alteration in cellular pH, and calcium or phospholipase induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Much attention has been given to the role of increased cellular calcium as a pathogenetic contributor to cell injury during ischemia. Author studied the protective effects of calcium antagonists on cellular injury during renal ischemia in rat. To investigate the protective role of these agents, author measured the amount of malondialdehyde(MDA) and the enzyme activities of free radical scarvengers-superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase from non-pretreated group and calcium antagonists pretreated groups in control, ischemia and reflow subgroups. The results were summerized as follows: 1) The amount of MDA in non-pretreated group was higher in the reflow compared with the control(<p<0.01). But, in all pretreated groups, there was no statistically difference in the amount of MDA. 2) The SOD activity in non-pretreated group was lower in both the ischemia and the reflow compared with the control (P<0.05). But, in both verapamil and trifluoperazine-pretreated groups, there was no statistically difference in the SOD activity. 3) Both catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in non-pretreated group were lower in both the ischemia and the reflow compared with the control (P<0.05). But in all pretreated groups, there was no statically difference in both catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities. These results suggest that free radical mediated ischemic injury by renal artery clamp in rat can be protected by intraperitoneal pretreatment with calcium antagonists. As trifluoperazine has a protective effect in renal ischemia, the calcium activated calmodulin dependent enzyme may play a role in renal ischemic injury.