독일통일과 유럽 안보질서의 변화

구춘권 서강대학교 사회과학연구소 2002 社會科學硏究 Vol.10 No.-

독일통일은 두 가지 측면에서 20세기 말의 가장 중요한 역사적 실험이었다고 얘기할 수 있다. 우선 독일통일은 자본주의와 "현존사회주의" 체제라는 완전히 다르게 작동한 체제의 급작스런 만남을 의미했다. 이러한 만남은 역사상 전례가 없는 것이며, 따라서 통일이라는 실험은 일련의 실수 및 오판들과 결부되어 있다. 그러나 독일통일은 또한 대외정치적 실험을 의미하기도 했다. 왜냐하면 독일통일은 냉전의 종식, 미국 헤게모니의 하강, 세계화 과정의 관철이 야기한 불안정의 확산이라는 역사적 변화의 정점에서 일어났기 때문이다. 따라서 통일은 독일에게 평화정치적 주도권을 쥐고 변화된 세계상황에 상응한 새로운 유럽의 안보질서를 구축할 수 있는 기회를 의미하기도 했다. 그러나 이 기회는 당시 보수-자유 연정에 의해 활용되지 않았고, 그대신 "독일의 정상화"를 핵심으로 하는 대외 정치적 전략이 추구되었다. 이 논문은 독일통일의 대외정치적 측면 및 특히 통일이 유럽의 새로운 안보질서에 미친 영향을 논의한다. 독일은 무엇보다 서유럽동맹(WEU)을 강화하고자 했는데, 이는 독일이 유럽통합의 대외정치적, 군사적 차원에로의 확장을 "정상화"를 가속화하는 기회로 이해했기 때문이다. 다른 한편 나토(NATO) 역시 새로운 위험에 대한 군사적 통제를 내용으로 하는 신구상을 추구했다. 그러나 이러한 발전은 평화정치적 측면에서 부정적인 것이었는데, 왜냐하면 나토와 서유럽동맹을 축으로 유럽의 안보질서가 재편되면서 유럽안보협력회의(CSCE)를 중심으로하는 새로운 공동의 집단적 안보체제가 출현할 수 있는 좋은 기회가 활용되지 않았기 때문이다. Die deutsche Wiedervereinigung war in zweier Hinsicht wohi das wichtigste historische Experiment am Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts. Zuna¨chst bedeutete die Wiedervereinigung eine plo¨tzliche Begegnung von zwei vo¨llig anders funktionierenden Systemen, na¨mlich dem kapitalistischen und dem 'realsozialistischen System. Eine solche Begegnung gab es historisch nie, deshalb war das Experiment auch mit Fehleinscha¨tzungen und Irrtu¨mern verbunden. Die deutsche Wiedervereinigung war aber auch ein auΒenpolitisches Experiment. Denn die Wiedervereinigung ereignete sich auf dem Gipfel der historischen Vera¨nderungen, die durch das Ende des Kalten Krieges und die Niedergang der US-amerikanischen Hegemonie aber auch die Verbreitung der Unsicherheit mit der Durchsetzung der Globalisierungsprozesse gekennzeichnet waren. Die Wiedervereinigung bedeutete daher fu¨r das vereinigte Deutschland eine Chance, friedenspolitische Initiative zu ergreifen und die europa¨ische Sicherheitsordnung so zu gestalten, dass diese der vera¨nderten Weltlage gerecht wu¨rde. Die Chance wurde allerdings von der damaligen konservativ-liberalen Koalition nicht genutzt. Statt dessen wurde eine auΒenpolitische Strategie verfolgt, die vor allem auf die "Normalisierung Deutschlands" abzielt. Dieser Artikel untersucht auΒenpolitische Aspekte der deutschen Wiedervereinigung sowie deren Einflu¨sse auf die neue europa¨ische Sicherheitsordnung. Die Versta¨rkung der WEU entsprach vor allem dem deutschen Interesse, welches die Erweiterung der europa¨ischen Integration auf den auΒenpolitischen bzw. milita¨rischen Bereich als Chance nutzten wollte, die "Normalisierung" voranzutreiben. Die NATO hat auch ihrerseits ein neues Konzept entworfen, das die milita¨rische Beherrschung von neuen Risiken beinhaltete. Diese Entwicklungen waren jedoch friedenspolitisch negativ, weil dadurch eine gute Chance vertan wurde, die CSCE (spa¨ter OSCE) als ein neues gemeinsames kollektives Sicherheitssystem in Europa zu konsolidieren.

벼 이앙기를 이용한 보리 어린모 이식에 관한 연구

이춘우,백성범,손영구 한국국제농업개발학회 2004 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.16 No.1

보리 파종 시기에 잦은 강우로 인하여 토양이 과습하여 보리 파종기계의 정상적인 작동이 어려워 파종을 하지 못하는 경우가 많이 있다. 토양이 과습한 경우에도 보리 파종을 하기 위하여 벼 이식기를 이용하여 보리 어린모 이식 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 2002년에는 작물시험장 수원시험포에서 시험한 결과는 아래와 같다. 가. 육묘일수는 3~6일이 좋았고 9일은 너무 자라 기계이식이 잘되지 않았다. 나. 이식율은 높이기 위하여 이식 전 경운하는 것이 좋았으나 월동율이 낮아지는 단점이 있었다. 다. 벼 이앙기를 사용하여 이식하므로 보리는 식물체가 연약하며 보리 어린모가 절단되고, 결주가 발생하는 문제점이 있었다. 라. 이식시 물이 없으므로 이앙기가 가라 앉지 않으므로 이식심도가 낮아져 어린 모의 활착율이 낮고 월동율이 낮았다. 마. 이식시 이식율이 낮고 월동율이 낮아 수수확보가 어려워 수량성이 낮았다. 바. 어린묘 육묘의 가능성을 검토하였으나 위에서와 같은 여러가지 문제점으로 인하여 보리 어린모 이식은 가능성은 낮은 것으로 사료되었다. Heavy rain during the seeding season of barley, poses a lot of problems such as wet soil stuck to the barley seeder making it difficult to use the machine, The cultivation area of barley is dependent on the weather conditions during the seeding time. Usually, during the rainy weather, the area of cultivation is decreased. Since the soil moisture is high during the rainy weather, the ordinary seeding method does not work efficiently, thus, there is a need for a new seeding method. This study was conducted to examine the possibility of using a rice transplanter in transplanting barley seedlings. Before the seedling was transplanted, plowing than non-plowing was increased to improve the rate of transplanting success. The barley seedling was first cut and set in shallow depth using the rice transplanter. To ensure success in transplanting, the wintering rate was decreased. These factors however reduced the number of panicle and yield. The study showed that using the rice-seedling box for barley is possible. However, transplanting the infant barley using the rice transplanter is impossible due to low transplanting rate and wintering.

보리 춘파재배 적응성 품종의 특성 및 선발

이춘우,구본철,백성범,손영구,김홍식 한국국제농업개발학회 2002 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.14 No.1

보리 품종 중 춘파에 적응하는 품종을 선발하기 위하여 올보리 등 16품종을 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가. 천립중과 설립량과는 상관관계가 있어 천립중이 무거울수록 10a당 설립이 적고 수량은 많아지는 경향이었다. 춘파 재배는 생육기간이 짧고 고온하에 등숙이 이루어지므로 천립중이 가벼워지는데 대립종이 소립중에 비하여 설립이 적었다. 나. 수량은 맥종간에는 쌀보리가 겉보리나 맥주보리에 비하여 적었고, 또한 년차나 품종간 변이도 컸다. 다. 쌀보리 품종들은 겉보리에 비하여 간장이 짧고, 설립이 많아 수량이 적었다. 라. 춘파재배용으로는 천립중, 설립량, 간장, 성숙기, 수량 등을 고려할 때 올보리와 사천6호가 가장 안정성이 있는 품종으로 판단되었다. This study was conducted to select varieties for spring sowing in barley. The accumulated and the average temperatures affected the 1,000-grain weight and unmatured grain yield. There was a negative correlation between 1,000-grain weight and the yield of unmatured grain. The 1,000-grain weight became lighter because of short growth period and maturing in high temperature under spring sowing condition. Compare with the covered and two-row barley, the grain was lower than naked barley. Among 16 barley varieties. "Olbori", "Sacheon6" were well adapted to spring sowing condition.

폐폴리우레탄 폼을 이용한 유출유 흡수 : Oil, oil/water, 인공해수조에서의 흡유 특성 분석 Estimate of Sorption Properties in Oil, Oil/water, Artificial Seawater

이현구,이춘부,김형순 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.2

This study investigates the effectiveness of rigid, semi-rigid, and flexible waste polyurethane foams for oil spills clean up. For the three types of the waste foams used as a sorbent, rigid sandwich panel foam, head rest and high-resiliency seat foam in automotive applications were selected, respectively. And the foam of each type also was synthesized with the recipe based on it. The sorption test of the above foams were performed in different types of petroleum products, diesel, bunker-A, and-C, as a function of temperature, and in the presence and absence of water as well. Reuse-ability of the foam were confirmed through measuring for the change of maximum sorption capacity according to sorption cycles. Finally, the same experiments were carried out in artificial seawater bath in order to estimate that actual sorption properties in the sea.

붕어의 아가미와 直腸에 미치는 銅의 影響에 關한 電子顯微鏡的 硏究

李春九 淑明女子大學校 1979 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

The morphological changes of the gill and rectum of Carassius Carassius that had been exposed to 5 ppm of copper for a week were inve tigated by histological and electron microscopical methods. 1. When the fish were exposed to copper, the epithelial layers of gill lamellae were swollen, filled by mucus, and divorced in the histological study. 2. In the fine structures of the gill lamellae, epithelial cells were enlarged and many lipids and lysosomes were appeared. 3. The lysosomes and vesicles were appeared, and the number of mitochondria was decreased or degenerated in the epithelium of rectum of the fish after exposure to copper.

고랭지 성토지 감자-호맥 작부체계하의 토양개량이 감자 생육에 미치는 영향

허봉구,김춘식,김주현 한국국제농업개발학회 2003 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.15 No.4

고랭지에서 척박한 모재토를 성토한 포장에서 감자를 재배한 후 후작으로 호밀을 재배하는 작부체계 하에서 대조구, 화학성개량구, 제오라이트구 등 3개 처리를 두고 감자 파종 전 성장하고 있는 호밀을 경운, 매몰하여 감자를 1999년부터 2년간 재배하면서 몇 가지 토양개량 처리한 것을 조사 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 성토재료용 모재토는 양질사토로서 유기물과 인산함량 등 이화학성이 매우 낮은 척박토이었다. 2. 감자의 지상부 생육은 대조구에 비하여 제오라이트구와 화학성개량구가 좋았으며 감자수량도 2.1~4.5% 증수되었다. 3. 감자 수확 후 토양이화학성은 시험 전에 비해 점차 증가하였으며 호맥재배로 토양 유기물과 인산함량 증가가 컸다. 4. 호맥은 감자 파종 1주일 전에 경운, 매몰하였으며 그 효과는 토양 중 유기물함량 0.5~3.5g/㎏정도 지력 증진효과가 있었다. This study was conducted to investigate the changes of crop growth and soil properties under potato-rye cropping system in highland mounding-soil. Experimental plots were designed with control, chemical improvement and zeolite+chemical improvement plot during 1999 to 2000year. Mounding-soil were low in the contents of soil chemical properties that organic matter contents etc., and that soil texture was loamy sand soil. The growth and yield of potato in the chemical improvement and zeolite plots were higher than that of control plot by 2.1~4.5%. After harvesting, the contents of soil chemical properties increased than those of experiment before. Increasing ratios of soil organic matter and phosphate contents were higher than other soil properties by rye cultivation. Rye residues were buried and tilled before potato planting at 1 week. Rye residues burying deep under the ground increased by 0.5~3.5g/㎏ to soil organic matter contents.

메기의 組織에 미치는 Cadmium의 影響에 關한 電子顯微鏡的 硏究

李春九 淑明女子大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

The fine structural changes of the gill lamellae, hepatic parenchymal cells and kidney tissues of catfish, Parasilurus asotus, that had been exposed to 50 ppm of cadmium for 5 days were investigated in order to elucidate the effect of cadmium poisoning by electron microscopical methods. 1. In the fine strcture of gill lamellae, the arms of pillar cells were shortened in length extremely and forms were changed, then round form of lacuna was changed irregularly when the fish were exposed to cadmium. The nucleus, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were degenerated. The epithlial cells were enlarged, and the lipid droplets and lysosomes were increased. 2. In the fine structure of the hepatic parenchymal cells, the nuclear envelope, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum were disintegrated in shape. The content of glycogen was decreased by cadmium poisoning. 3. The kidney tissues of the fish exposed to cadmium received some damage on the proximal tubules. Since the proximal tubule cells were reduced in height, the lumens of the tubules were enlarged. The proximal tubules were degenerated gradually.

Inositol-Hexaphosphoric Acid의 피부노화방지

조춘구,홍세흠 崇實大學校 生産技術硏究所 2002 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

The anti-skinaging effects on woman's skin were investigated with inositol-hexaphosphoric acid(IP_6). The concentrations (wt%) of IP_6 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.0. The IP_6-skin lotions were applied on the arms and face of the subjects everyday for 7 weeks. The moisture, lightening, sebum, elasticity and wrinkle of the skin were measured. The experimental instruments were corneometer, sebumeter, autometer, mexameter. MX-16 and image analyzer. It showed that IP_6 substantially improved the subject's skin condition. The moisture value changed from 47 to 89, the sebum values of dry and oily skins changed close to that of normal skins, lightening of the skin changed from 490 to 461, elasticity changed from 0.118 to 0.134, and the improvement on wrinkle was 12.9%. With the experimental results the 0.4-IP_6 skin lotion showed the best results.

淡水魚類鯉魚目과 棘驥魚目의 組織內 젖산수소 이탈효소 아이소자임型에 關한 硏究

李春九 東國大學校 1975 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes in the extracts of several tissues of 4 species belonging to Cyprinida and Percida were investigated by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. all the tissues of the muscle, brain, intestine, and eye of Pseudorasbora parva of Cyprinidae had 5 LDH isozymes appear to be identical except the muscle. The LDH isozymes were 1, 2,3, or 5 isozyme bands in the tissues of three species of Liobagrus andersonii, Macropodus chinensis, and Acanthogobius hasta. These results represent the tissue and species specific patterns in the orders Cyprindia and Percida.

오존과 염소에 의한 대장균 살균에 미치는 온도의 영향

방기인,조춘구 崇實大學校 生産技術硏究所 1996 論文集 Vol.26 No.1

In the drinking water treatment, chlorine has been used the most popular for disinfection last 100 years. Chlorination has not only disinfection effect but also oxidation of matgnesium and iron in the water. However, chlorine also reacts with natural organic matter in water to produce disinfection by-products such as trihalomethane and haloacetic acid which are recognized as carcinogenic materials. Therefore, alternative disinfection method has been developed like ozonation and UV radiation. The ozonation is one of the most popular method to achieve the same goal as chlorination in the drinking water treatment. In the chlorination, various chlorine was used from 0.05 to 2.0mg/L with 30 to 60 seconds contact time. After 30 seconds cotact time with 1mg/L and of chlorine, 99% of Escherichia coli was killed while 0.5mg/L of chlorine was used with 60 seconds contact time. To meet the drinkin water regulation 1mg/L and 0.5mg/L of chlorine shold be used for 30 and 60 seconds, respectively. For ozonation, 0.05 to 1.56mg/L of ozone was used. For ozonation, 0.26mg/L of ozone was used with 20℃ while 1.04mg/L of ozone with 4℃ for 99.7% E. coli disinfection.