Bottom-up Approaches to Implementing Driver Models based on Human Factors Experiments

Chongkwan Rah,Kihan Noh,Hyungjeen Choi 대한인간공학회 2011 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

Objective: This paper introduces and contrasts two different modeling approaches of driver models to implement computer-based vehicle simulation environments for evaluating intelligent driving support systems (IDSS): (1) modular-designed driver models; (2) performance-oriented driver models. Background: As the IDSSs become more intelligent and provide active safety controls, more comprehensive understanding of each facet of a driver's cognitive processes is required as well as vehicle dynamics. That means, the driver-centered evaluation tools implementing the driver's cognitive characteristics and limits are needed for assessing such intelligent subsystems beyond traditional function-oriented vehicle simulations with optimized computational driver models. Method: Two kinds of human factors experiments were conducted to differentiate the conventional driver models into driver-centered models in accordance with the specified driver's generic human factors: (1) As for the modular-designed driver model, one humdred thirty drivers were participated in a psychophysical experiment of velocity estimation at 71 checkpoints on a road section to implement a part of drivers' cognitive architecture, i.e., the sensory-perception processes of drivers were statistically modeled. (2) Double lane change maneuvers were conducted to implement differentiated performance-oriented driver models based on the efficiency and driving performance of different groups of drivers. Conclusion: The needs for developing a set of driver-centered simulation environments were clearly identified and the fundamental bottom-up approaches of developing such computational driver models were exhibited for diverse vehicle simulations. Application: The results from this study may ultimately provide meaningful data for early stages of the advanced safety vehicle design.

사용자 수행도 평가를 위한 일반 선형모델 기반 통계적 분석 기법

나종관(Chongkwan Rah),박민용(Minyong Park) 대한인간공학회 2010 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

다양한 인간공학적 배경을 가지는 사용자의 수행도 평가를 위해서는 독립변수로 선정되지 않은 외부요인에 대한 고려가 매우 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 이러한 외부요인에 대한 통계적 통제 기법을 소개하고자 한다. 즉, 실험적으로 제어할 수 없으나 종속변수에 유의한 수준 이상 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단되는 외부요인을 정량적 공변인의 형태로 모델에 포함시켜 분석하는 일반선형모델 기반의 공분산분석 기법을 의미한다. 대표적 사례 연구로서 운전자의 차량 제어에 큰 영향을 미치는 인간공학 요인 별 체감속도를 추정하기 위한 정신물리학적 실험과 통계적 모델링과정을 제시하였다. 모델에 포함된 정량적 공변인으로는 도로의 곡률반경과 실내 소음수준이었으며 차량의 실제 속도가 주요 공변인으로 포함되었다. 결과로서, 통계적으로 유의한 차이 (α=0.05)를 가지는 인간공학 요인 (성별, 연령, 운전 경력)의 수준조합 별 운전자 체감속도 모델이 개발되었으며, 잠재적 외부요인으로 선정된 시각적 그리고 청각적 주변자극의 효과가 모델에 포함되기 전/후에 나타나는 정성적 독립변수의 수준 별 통계적 유의성 분포를 비교하였다. 또한, 수행도 평가시 실험과 관련된 사용자 속성이나 외부요인의 고려를 위한 별도의 실험이나 측정이 필요함을 제안하였다.

스마트 시티를 준비하는 미래 이동수단, e-모빌리티

나종관(Chongkwan Rah) 대한인간공학회 2018 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.11

미래 이동수단 생태계 구축을 위한 사용자 경험랩 구축 및 활용

나종관(Chongkwan Rah),김도현(Dohyun Kim),윤명환 대한인간공학회 2021 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

거대도시화, 사회 고령화 및 1∼2인 가구의 증가 등 미래 사회 교통 문화에 직·간접 영향을 미치며 빠르게 변화하는 다양한 사회현상들은 자동차 또는 이동수단에 대한 사용자 인식을 근본적으로 바꾸고 있다. 개인의 소유를 전제로 ’재산’으로 이해하던 기존 개념은, 지하철, 병원 등에서 이동 편의를 위해 ’이용’하는 엘리베이터나 도로에서 이용하는 횡단보도 체계 등과 같은 사회 기반시설로 인식하는 MaaS(Mobility-as-a-Service) 패러다임으로 변화하고 있다. 더불어, 효율 중심의 대규모 대중교통을 중심의 수요응답형 이동서비스(demand responsive transit)가 사회 전반에 확산되고 있으며, 자유도가 매우 높은 퍼스널 모빌리티(전동휠, 전동킥보드, 전기자전거, 전기이륜차, 초소형 전기차 등) 등 미래 이동수단 기반의 공유/구독 이동서비스가 이에 편입되어 지능형 통합 이동서비스로 확대되는 추세를 나타낸다. 또한 물류 서비스 역시 하향 세분화 되어, 기존의 1톤 이상 대형 이동체계에 의존하던 방식은 위의 퍼스널 모빌리티까지 활용하는 라스트마일 이동서비스로 무게 중심이 이동하며, 공유 또는 구독서비스가 물류체계에 직접 포함되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 점차 확대 적용되고 있는 신교통 패러다임의 한 축인 공유/구독 서비스 기반 근거리 이동 및 물류서비스 도구로서의 미래 이동수단 성능/신뢰성 고도화를 지원하기위한 국가의 인프라 구축사업 투자 사례를 부문 별로 소개하고, 일련의 e-모빌리티 산업 생태계 구축 및 연구사례를 체계적으로 분석하여 대국민 이동서비스 고도화를 위해 정부 연구기관 및 산업체 노력의 현 주소를 알아보고, 지향해야하는 단계적 접근 방향에 대한 의견을 제시한다.

종양환자의 설 특성에 관한 정량적 연구 : 초보적 분석 Preliminary Analysis

유화승,조종관,박경모,김지은 한국정신과학학회 2003 韓國精神科學學會誌 Vol.7 No.2

한방치료를 통해 수술이 불가능한 췌장암 환자에서 통증개선 및 삶의 질을 회복한 증례

윤호영,조종관,유화승,방선휘,Yun, Hoyoung,Cho, Chongkwan,Yoo, Hwaseung,Bang, Sunhwi 대한암한의학회 2013 大韓癌韓醫學會誌 Vol.18 No.1

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Korean medicine on the pancreatic carcinoma patient. Method : A patient was diagnosed as unresectable pancreatic carcinoma. She complained insomnia, abdominal pain, dyspepsia and sleep disturbance. She was treated by Korean medicine composed of acupuncture, herbal medication and wild ginseng pharmacopuncture. Results : All symptoms took a favorable turn after Korean medicine treatment. As treatment was performed, as intensity of pain, insomnia, dyspepsia and fatigue were decreased. Conclusion : This study suggests that Korean medicine treatment has effectiveness for improvement of cancer related symptoms of a pancreatic carcinoma patient. Consequently, the treatment is helpful in improving quality of life.

Matrix Degrading enzymes of u-PA, PAI-1 and nm-23 Gene expression administering complex prescription of Huoxue Huayu

Piao,Bingkui,Wang,Leyu,Bi,Zhenchun,Li,Gongshu,Cho,Chongkwan,Lin,Hongsheng INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL MEDICINE KYUNG-HEE UNIVERSIT 1997 JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL MEDICINE Vol.2 No.1

Background : The complex prescription of Huoxue Huayu is effective anti-metastasis drug for lung cancer by the clinic, and further basic experiments showed that it decreased the activity Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and increased the active of its inhibitor PAI-1 so as to impede matrix degradation and inhibit metastasis. In addition, nm23 gene has also been closely related to the course of carcinoma matastasis. Method: The trial involved 42 patients with stage I-III a lung carcinoma, 20 patients in the treated group, and 22 patients in the controlled group. All 20 patients in the treated group receives the complex prescription of Huoxue Huayu for 10 days preoperation. Using immunohistochemical assay, we observed u-PA, PAI-1 and nm23 expression in the tumor center, margin, stroma and normal lung tissue in lung carcinoma. Results : In the treated group, the uPA-positive rates in the center, margin and stroma of the tumor were 60%(12/20), 55%(11/20), and 20%(4/20) respectively The PAI-1-positive rates were 95%(19/20), 95%(19/20), and 65%(13/20) respectively. In the controlled group, the uPA-positive rates were 63.64%(14/22), 50%(11/22), 31.82%(7/22), and PaI-positive rates were 59.09%(13/22), 77.27%(17/22), and 59.10%(13/22) respectively in the same tumor site. The tumor nm23-positive rates in the controlled group were 45.45%(10/22); but in the treated group, the tumor nm23-positive rates were 65%(13/20). In the controlled group, the expression of u-PAI-1 in tumor and stroma of No was higher than u-PA; The expression of u-PA in N2 was higher than No; and the expression of PAI-1 in N2 was less than No. In LNM-patients, the expression of PAI-1 was high and u-P low. On the contrary, LNM+patients showed high expression of u-PA and low expression of PAI-1. In the treated group, the expression of the margin and strom a in No was higher than u-PA(P<0.01), the expression of u-PA weakened and PAI-1 enhanced, which, however, showed no significance compared with N2 of the controlled group of with NO of the treated group. The result suggested that the relationship of expression between N2 and No in the treated group differed from the controlled. In the controlled group, the positive expression of the nm23 gene was higher in LNM-patients than in LNM=. In the treated group, the positive rate of nm23 was higher in LNM-patients than in LNM+. In the treated group, the positive rate of nm23 was higher than the controlled group, whether LNM-or not. However in both groups the cases were few and statistical analysis was not different. Conclusion : In summary, the mechanism by which the prescription consisting mainly of Huoxue Huayu inhibits metastasis of lung carcinoma may be due to the impediment of enzyme degradation during metastasis.

Soluble components of Hericium erinaceum induce NK cell activation via production of interleukin-12 in mice splenocytes~1

Myunghyun, YIM,Jangwoo, SHIN,Jinyoung, SON,Semi, OH,Seunghyun, HAN,Junghyo, CHO,Chongkwan, CHO,Hwaseung, YOO,Yeonweol, LEE,Changgue, SON Science Press 2007 Acta pharmacologica Sinica. Vol.28 No.6

Aim: To investigate the immunoregulatory functions of water extracts of Hericium erinaceum (WEHE) focusing on natural killer (NK) cell-based anticancer activities. Methods: Mouse splenocytes or purely isolated NK cells were stimulated with 1-100 mg/L WEHE for 24 h followed by co-culture with ~(51)Cr-labled Yac-1 cells for 4 h, then NK cell-derived cytolytic activity was measured using a radio-release assay. Neutralizing antibodies against mouse interleukin-12 (IL-12) were added into the WEHE-stimulated splenocytes, thereafter, cytotoxicity was measured to examine the involvement of IL-12. RT-PCR and ELISA analyses were performed to confirm the induction of transcription and the translation of IL-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the WEHE-treated splenocytes. Results: WEHE enhanced the cytolytic activity of total splenocytes towards Yac-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, this activation was not observed when the NK cells isolated from the splenocytes were treated with WEHE. Furthermore, the treatment with antibodies against IL-12 abolished the effect of WEHE on splenocyte-derived cytolytic activity. RT-PCR and ELISA analyses showed the induction of IL-12 and IFN-gamma in the WEHE-treated splenocytes. Conclusion: WEHE indirectly activates the cytolytic ability of NK cells via the induction of IL-12 in total splenocytes, and possibly via other immuno-mediators or cellular components.

원발부위 불명암 환자의 한의치험 1례

김지혜,배겨레,박지혜,박소정,조종관,유화승,Kim, JeeHye,Bae, KyeoRe,Park, JiHye,Park, SoJung,Cho, ChongKwan,Yoo, HwaSeung 대한암한의학회 2016 大韓癌韓醫學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

Objective : The purpose of this study is to report the possibility of treatment of Cancer of Unknown Primary Site (CUPS) patient with Traditional Korean Medicine based Samchilchoongcho-jung and Gunchilgyebok-Jung following chemotherapy. Methods : The patient is a female, who was diagnosed with CUPS, suffering from left flank pain, abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting and fatigue after chemotherapy. The patient was treated with acupuncture, pharmacoacupuncture, moxibution, herbal medicine and enema used with herbal decoction for 15 days. The clinical outcomes were measured by numeric rating scale(NRS). Results : After treatment, left flank pain had disappeared and nausea and vomiting was decreased from NRS 4 to NRS 1 respectively. Fatigue was also improved. Conclusion : This case study suggests that Traditional Korean Medicine is effective for treatment of CUPS patients and can improve the quality of life.

전기이륜차 배터리 공유스테이션을 위한 배터리팩 모델링 및 평가

김종남(Jongnam Kim),김민재(Minjae Kim),한대운(Daewoon Han),전종민(Jongmin Jun),김도현(Dohyun Kim),나종관(Chongkwan Rah),홍희동(Heedong Hong),김성진(Sungjin Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2023 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2023 No.11