Ethanol을 전처치한 흰쥐의 간 및 혈청 Xanthine Oxidase 활성에 미치는 Bromobenzene의 영향

윤종국,임영숙 동아시아식생활학회 1997 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.7 No.1

To evaluate the effect of ethanol pretreatment on the liver and serum xanthine oxidase(XO) actively, the bromobenzene(400㎎/㎏ body wt., i.p.) was orally given 3 times daily to the Sprague-Dawley male rats pretreated with 5% ethanol throughout 2 months. Bromobenzene treated rats pretreated with ethanol showed the more decreased activity of serum and liver XO. and lower value of V_(max) than those of only bromobenzene treated rats. By the bromobenzene treatment, ethanol pretreated rats showed the more decreased levels of serum alanine aminotransferase activity and liver weight/body weight(%), and decreased degree of liver damage on histopathological observation than the control group.

Effect of p-Phenylenediamine Application to Rat Skin on the Liver Oxygen Free Radical Systems

윤종국,--,-- THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 2003 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.9 No.2

To evaluate the influence of hepatic oxygen free radical systems on liver injury by topical p-phenylenediamine (PPD) application on rat skin. PPD (25mg/16.5㎠) was topically applied to the abdominal region 5 times every other day and sacrificed. By PPD treatment, increasing rate of liver weight/body weight(%), serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and decreasing rate of microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase activity were higher in the rats fed tungstate supplemented diet than those fed a standard diet. These findings indicate that group fed tungstate supplemented diet have more severe liver injury compared with group fed standard diet on topical PPD application. However, the activities of oxygen free radical generating enzymes such as xanthine oxidase (XO) and cytochrome P450 dependent aniline hydroxylase and those of oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes were not found to be different between these two animal groups. In the present study, a novel monitoring method to detect the generating of oxygen free radicals in liver extract was devised. Throughout this method, the oxidized PPD produced by oxygen free radicals was determined colorimetrically. The increasing rate of PPD oxidation by liver homogenate was higher in tungstate fed animals than in standard diet fed ones. Among the fractionations of liver extract, the mitochondria1 and postmitochondrial fractions in the liver extract of tungstate fed animals led to a higher availability of PPD oxidation by PPD treatment compared with standard diet fed ones. In conclusion, these results suggest that an enhanced liver injury in tungstate fed animals treated with PPD may be due to oxygen free radicals produced in other systems except oxygen free radicals generating from cytosolic XO system. Especially, oxidative availability by PPD can be used for oxygen free radical detection in some tissue.

도시적 토지자원개발에 있어 민간부문 참여확대방안

이종익,김재국 東新大學校 工業技術硏究所 1998 工業技術硏究 Vol.4 No.-

The main purpose of this paper is to identify the enlargement measures of private sector involvement in the urban land development. To delve into the realities of private land development, this paper is organized into five chapters. To alleviate the problems of the public regulation and monopoly, the private sector should be encouraged to participate the urban land development process. In reality, the enlargement measures of private sector involvement in the pubic sector development can be considered in the present three development systems as follows; the collaboration system between the private and the public sector, the third-sector system and the co-development system among landowners. The former two can be applied to the larger scale development projects while the latter to the smaller ones. In conclusion, the private sector involvement in the urban land development should be enlarged in order not only to combine the vigour of private sector with the public development system but also to meet the diverse needs of the people through the collaboration work between the private and the public sector.

연령이 다른 흰쥐에 Bromobenzene 투여가 간 손상에 미치는 영향

윤종국,한선일,윤형원 THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCINE 1999 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.5 No.2

연령이 다른 흰쥐에 있어서 bromobenzene에 의한 간 손상의 정도 차이와 이의 기전을 알아보기 위하여 5주령 및 10주령 흰쥐에 bromobenzene을 체중 kg당 400mg을 격일로 5회 전처치함과 동시에 bromobenzene 전처치 및 대조군에 bromobenzene을 다시 투여한 뒤 처치하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Bromobenzene 전처치로 인한 간 무게, 혈청 alanine aminotransferase, xanthine oxidase 활성 및 간 조직중 과산화지질의 함량 증가율과 간 세포질의 단백질 감소율은 10주령군이 5주령군 보다 높았다. 이 결과는 10주령이 5주령 보다 bromobenzene 투여로 인한 간 손상이 심하게 나타남을 시사해 주고 있다. 한편, 간 조직 중 aniline hydroxylase 활성은 10주령에 있어서 bromobenzene 전처치군 및 대조군 모두 5주령 보다 높게 나타나는 반면 glutathione S-transferase 활성은 10주령이 5주령 보다 낮게 나타났다. 또한 이들 실험동물에 bromobenzene을 재 투여한 다음 경시별로 간 조직 중 glutathione 함량을 측정한 바 10주령이 5주령 보다 glutathione 감소율이 낮게 나타났다. 이상 실험결과를 종합해 볼 때 bromobenzene 투여시 10주령이 5주령 실험군 보다 간 손상이 심하게 나타났으며, 이는 생체내의 bromobenzene처리능력이 5주령 보다 10주령이 저하되기 때문에 나타난 결과라고 사료된다. To evaluate an effect of growth periods on the bromobenzene-induced liver damage, bromobenzene was administrated to 5-week-old rats and 10-week-old rats pretreated with bromobenzene 5 times every other day for 10 days and then the animals were sacrificed. The results were obtained as follows; The increasing rate of serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, xanthine oxidase activity, hepatic lipid peroxide contents, liver weight per body weight (%) and decreasing rate of hepatic contents of protein to each control group were higher in 10-week-old rats than 5-week-old rats by the pretreatment of bromobenzene. According to the above results, 10-week-old rats indicated more severe liver injury than 5-week-old those in case of bromobenzene pretreatment. On the other hand, hepatic aniline hydroxylase activity was more increased in 10-week-old rats than 5-week-old rats both in control and bromobnezene pretreated rats where as the reverse in hepatic glutathione S-transferase. In case of hepatic GSH determination at the intervals of 2, 4, 8, 24 hours throughout 24 hr after administration of single dose of bromobenzene to 5-week-old and 10-week-old rats both in control and bromobnezene pretreated, the rate of GSH utilization was lower in 10-week-old rats than 5-week-old rats. In conclusion, from the above experimental, it is deduce that the 10-week-old rats showed more severe liver injury than 5-week-old rats by the bromobenzene treatment because the disposal ability of bromobenzene in liver was lower in 10-week-old rats than 5-week-old rats.

식이성 단백질 함량이 Xenobiotics 대사에 미치는 영향

윤종국 동아시아식생활학회 1995 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.5 No.3

Our previous reports on the effect of dietary protein on methanethiol, ethacrynic acid, bromobenzene and carbon tetrachloride metabolism were overall reviewed. The methanethiol, ethacrynic acid and bromobenzene treated rats showed the more severe liver damage in those fed a low protein diet than those fed a standard protein diet. These xenobiotics treated rats showed the lower content of hepatic glutathione and its conjugated enzyme, glutathione S-transferase activities in those fed a low protein diet than those fed a standard protein diet. In case of carbon tetrachloride treated rats, the liver damage was more reduced in rats fed a low protein diet than those fed a standard protein diet. Concomitantly the hepatic cytochrome P-450 content, and its decreasing rate to the control were lower in rats fed a low protein diet than those fed a standard protein diet.

흰쥐에 사염화탄소 투여시 간 Xanthine Oxidase 활성에 미치는 Allopurinol의 영향

윤종국,이혜자,이상일 THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCINE 1995 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.1 No.1

사염화탄소에의한 간손상시 CCl₄대사에 xanthine oxidase(XO)가 관련되는지를 규명하기 위한 일환으로 allopurinol을 흰쥐 체중 Kg당 50mg을 전처치한다음 CCl₄를 투여한후 처치하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. CCl₄투여로 인한 간조직의 postmitochondria 분획의 XO활성은 allopurinol을 전처치하므로서 현저히 감소되었으나 투석한 겨울에는 오히려 증가되었으며 type D로부터 type O로의 전환율은 감소되었다. 또한, 투석한 간조직의 XO를 반응속도적인 측면에서 관찰해볼 때 allopurinol을 전처치후 CCl₄투여군이 CCl₄단독투여군보다 Vmax가 크게 나타났다. CCl₄투여로 인한 체중당 간무게의 증가율과 혈청 alanine aminotransferase활성증가율은 allopurinol을 전처치하므로서 저하되었다. 한편 CCl₄투여로인한 간조직중 aniline hydroxylase 및 glucose 6 phosphatase활성감소율은 allopurinol을 전처치하므로서 저하되었다. 이상의 실험결과를 종합하여 볼 때 실험동물에 CCl₄와 allopurinol을 병행투여시 allopurinol이 사염화탄소에의한 간손상을 억제시키는 현상은 XO와 사염화탄소대사간에 관련성이 있음을 시사해주고 있다. To evaluate an effect of xanthine oxidase(XO) reaction system on the carbon tetrachloride(CCl₄) metabolism, CCl₄was given twice at O.1ml/10g body wt. at intervals of 18 hour to the mts and those pretreated with allopurinol (50mg/kg. body wt.). The influence of XO on the metabolism of CCl₄ was focused on the degree of liver damage and the activities of a CCl₄metabolizing marker enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase. The increasing rate of liver weight per body weight and the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase to the control group were more decreased in allopurinol-pretreated rats than in those treated with CCl₄ alone. The liver XO activities were more increased in CC1₄-treated rats than the control group and the CC1₄-treated rats pretreated with allopurinol showed a decreased activities of XO compared to the CC1₄-treated rats. The type conversion (type D --> type O) rate was more decreased tendency in allopurinol pretreated rats than those treated CCl₄alone. In dialyzed liver enzyme preparations, all of the xanthine oxidase activities: CC1₄-treated, allopurinol and CC1₄-treated rats pretreated with allopurinol showed the more increased Vmax value than the control group, but similar Km value. Moreover, CC1₄-treated rats pretreated with allopurinol showed the more increased Vmax value than the group treated with CCl₄alone. In conclusion, it can not be negate the possibility of metabolism of CCl₄by the xanthine oxidase enzyme system.

Effect of Dietary Monascus Pigment on the Liver Damage Induced with CCI₄in Rats

윤종국,--,--,--,-- THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 2003 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.9 No.3

In the biological world, there are a number of ecological fights for survival between each organism such as plants, animals and microorganism. In such events, an organism can use its natural bioactive products as defence agent against other organism. Furthermore, natural bioactive products can be utilized for medicine or functional food. Recently, we investigate the effect of Monascus pigment extracted from a fungus, Monascus anke, on the alcohol metabolism and blood lipid profile. In the present study, it is observed that Monascus pigment supplemented dietary may have a hepatoprotective effect on rat's liver damage induced with CCl₄. By treatment with CCl₄(3 times, I.P), liver damage was reduced more in the rats fed 2% Monascus pigment extract supplemented diet than those fed standard diet, based on the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, microsomal glucose-6-phosphatse activity and hepaic malondialdehyde content. On the other hand, oxygen free radical generating enzymes, hepatic P-450 dependent aniline hydroxylase, xanthine oxidase, and oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes, hepatic glutathione S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase activities were generally higher both in CCl₄, treated group and control fed 2% Monascus pigment extract supplemented diet than those fed standard diet. In conclusion, the rats fed 2% Monascus pigment extract supplemented diet showed more reduced liver damage than those fed standard diet, which may be due to the acceleration of oxygen free radical metabolism.

흰쥐에 있어서 Toluene대사에 미치는 주.야 시차의 영향

류종일,윤종국,신중규 THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 1999 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.5 No.1

주·야 (day, night phase) 시차에 따른 toluene 대사를 검토할 목적으로 흰쥐에 50% toluene (olive oil과 toluene의 동량혼합액)을 체중 100 g 당 0.2 ml씩 밤 12시, 낮 12시에 각각 투여한 다음 각각 8시간 후에 처치하여, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 간 microsomal aniline hydroxylase 활성은 night phase군이 day phase군 보다 대조군 및 toluene투여군 모두 높게 나타났으며, cytosol의 benzylalcohol dehydrogenase (BADH) 활성은 night phase군과 day phase군 간에 별다른 차이를 볼 수 없었으나, toluene 투여시에는 night phase군이 day phase군 보다 효소의 활성도가 오히려 억제되었다. 또한 간 조직의 benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (BALDH) 활성은 night phase군이 day phase군 보다 다소 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였으며, toluene 투여시에는 night phase군에서는 대조군 보다 오히려 감소되었으나 day phase군에서는 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 in vitro 시험에서 benzylalcohol 및 benzaldehyde가 BADH 및 BALDH 활성을 억제시킴이 관찰되었다. 요 중 hippuric acid 함량은 대조군 및 toluene 투여군 모두 night phase군과 day phase군 간에는 별다른 차이를 볼 수가 없었다. 한편 toluene투여로 인한 체중 당간 무게 및 혈청 xanthine oxidase 활성 증가율은 night phase군이 day phase군 보다 높게 나타났다. 이상 실험결과를 종합해 볼 때 요 중 hippuric acid 함량이 주·야 시차에 따라 별다른 차이가 없는데도 불구하고 toluene으로부터 benzylalcohol 및 benzaldehyde 생성률이 day phase군 보다 night phase군이 높게 나타남으로서 toluene 대사산물에 의한 간 손상 정도가 day phase군 보다 night phase군이 높게 나타난 것으로 사료되어진다. To investigate the effect of the circadian variations on the toluene metabolism, 50% toluene in olive oil (0.2ml/100 g body weight) was intraperitoneally administered to the rats every other day for 6 days both in the night; 24:00 and the day; 12:00. Each group of animals was sacrificed at 8 hr after last injection of toluene. Hepatic microsomal aniline hydroxylase activity was more increased in control rats of night phase than those of day phase. On the other hand, the activities of hepatic benzylalcohol dehydrogenase in control rats of night phase showed the similiar value with that in those of day phase and in case of toluene treatment, these enzyme activities in rats of night phase were rather more decreased than those of day phase. Furthermore, hepatic benzaldehyde dehydrogenase activities were more or less higher in the control rats of night phase than those of day phase and by toluene treatment, enzyme activities of rats of night phase were somewhat decreased than those of day phase. In vitro, benzylalcohol or benzaldehyde inhibited the activities of benzylalcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenase prepared from the rats liver supernatant. There were no differences in urinary hippuric acid contents between the night phase and day phase both in the control and toluene treated group. The increasing rate of liver weight per body weight (%), serum xanthine oxidase activities were higher in rats of night phase than in those of day phase by toluene treatment. In conclusion, these results indicate that the producing rate of benzylalcohol and benzaldehyde from toluene may be higher in rats of night phase than those of day phase.

랫드에 있어서 Bromobenzene의 격일 투여 시, 매일 투여한 경우와 간손상 정도의 비교

이상희,윤종국,조현국 대한의생명과학회 2000 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.6 No.2

Bromobenzene의 투여 간격에 따라 간손상이 어떠한 차이를 나타내는지를 검토하기 위하여 흰쥐에 체중 1kg 당 400mg의 bromobenzene을 복강으로 2일 및 1일 간격으로 각각 3회 투여한 다음 간손상을 병리조직학적, 간기능적 측면에서 검토한 결과 2일 간격으로 투여한 실험군에서 간손상이 경미하게 나타났다. 그리고 간조직 중 cytochrome P450 함량은 2일 간격으로 투여한 실험군에서는 대조군 보다 증가되는 경향을 보였으나 1일 간격으로 투여한 경우에는 대조군 보다 오히려 유의한 (p<0.01) 감소를 보였다. 간조직 중 대조군에 대한 glutathione 감소율과 glutathione S-transferase 활성 증가율은 2일 간격으로 bromobenzene을 투여한 군이 1일 간격으로 투여한 실험군 보다 높게 나타났다. 이상 실험 결과는 동일한 양과 회수로서 bromobenzene을 격일로 투여한 실험동물에 있어서 매일 투여한 경우 보다 간손상이 경미하였으며, 이는 bromobenzene의 대사율이 증가됨으로서 나타난 결과로 생각된다. To evaluate the effect of intervals of bromobenzene treatment on the liver damage, the bromobenzene(400 mg/kg, i.p.) was given to rats at either one day or two days interval at three times. All the experimental animals were sacrificed at 24 hours after the last injection. Liver morphological changes were observed under a light microscopic examination and liver functional changes were determined by the measurement of alaine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The experimental to examine the cause of liver damage were cytochrome P450, glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione S-transferase(GST) activities. The results are summarized as follows; Based on the liver morphological and functional findings, the daily bromobenzene-treated rats (ED) showed the more severe liver damage than every other day bromobenzene-treated rats (EOD). The hepatic cytochrome p450 content was higher in EOD group than that in ED group. And the increasing rate of hepatic GST activity and decreasing rate of GSH content to the control were higher in EOD group than that in ED group. In conclusion, the treatment of bromobenzene intermittently to the rats may lead to more reduced liver injury compared with the continuously treated animals when both cases are treated with the same dose and frequency, and it may be caused by the enhancement of bromobenzene metabolism.

幼年性 결장용종

金性煥,李鍾國 한국의학사 1984 診斷과治療 Vol.4 No.4