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DNA methylation in the hypothalamic feeding center and obesity
Chiharu Yoshikawa,Winda Ariyani,Daisuke Kohno 대한비만학회 2023 Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome Vol.32 No.4
Obesity rates have been increasing worldwide for decades, mainly due to environmental factors, such as diet, nutrition, and exercise. However, the molecular mechanisms through which environmental factors induce obesity remain unclear. Several mechanisms underlie the body’s response to environmental factors, and one of the main mechanisms involves epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation. The pattern of DNA methylation is influenced by environmental factors, and altered DNA methylation patterns can affect gene expression profiles and phenotypes. DNA methylation may mediate the development of obesity caused by environmental factors. Similar to the factors governing obesity, DNA methylation is influenced by nutrients and metabolites. Notably, DNA methylation is associated with body size and weight programming. The DNA methylation levels of proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) and neuropeptide Y (Npy) in the hypothalamic feeding center, a key region controlling systemic energy balance, are affected by diet. Conditional knockout mouse studies of epigenetic enzymes have shown that DNA methylation in the hypothalamic feeding center plays an indispensable role in energy homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the role of DNA methylation in the hypothalamic feeding center as a potential mechanism underlying the development of obesity induced by environmental factors.
Application of DSD Mechanism to Robot Hand
Chiharu Ishii,Yosuke Nishitani,Hiroshi Hashimoto 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
Recently, the development of a versatile robot hand aiming at the application to an artificial arm or a humanoid robot is in demand. In this paper, omni-directional bending mechanism which is called “double-screw-drive mechanism” was applied to a robot hand. The robot hands with two fingers and three fingers were built. For the robot hand with three fingers, each fingertip was controlled so as to track the elliptical orbit and experiment was carried out.The DSD robot hand succeeded in rotating the cap of the PET bottle and removing the cap from the bottle.
A Multiple Inheritance Analysis of the Internally-Headed Relative Clause in Japanese
( Chiharu Uda Kikuta ) 한국언어정보학회 1998 국제 워크샵 Vol.1998 No.-
This paper proposes a mutliple inheritance type-hierarchical analysis of the Japanese "Internally-Headed Relative Clause" (IHRC) in Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG). It has been a long standing issue whether the IHRC shares syntactic properties with the EHRC or it is basically a clausal complement structure. This paper claims that such bipartite debate is misguided. It is undeniable that IHRC is similar to EHRC in one respect, and to clausal complement clause in another. defining it categorically as either one only distorts the reality. It will be proposed, therefore, that IHRC is a subtype of both a relative clause and a clausal complement. The hybrid structure of IHRC is quite a marked type of multiple inheritance, and I claim that this accounts for the restrictive availability of IHRC and its unstability as an independent grammatical construction. as well as for the IHRC`s intermediacy between the EHRC and the clausal complement structure. This discussion is done on Japanese alone; however, the analysis with minor modifications will accommodate the Korean IHRC as well.
( Chiharu Uda ) 한국언어정보학회 1996 국제 워크샵 Vol.1996 No.-
This paper discusses semantic factors contributing to the resultative interpretation of predicates in the Japanese te-ir construction. The construction ambiguously takes on either progressive or resultative meanings. This ambiguity is due to the lexical meaning of the verb, and it is the purpose of this paper to single out and characterize the classes of verbs which take on the resultativc meaning. A number of recent studies have focused on the issues of telicity, transitivity, and particularly on unaccusativity and reflexivity, and it has been argued that the resultative interpretation is closely related to the subject``s involvement in the resulting state. While accepting this argument, I will show that notions of unaccusativity and reflexivity alone cannot cover all the data. Similarly, I will argue that Kim``s (1993) account of the analogous construction in Korean, which refers to the concept "possession," fails to accommodate a certain set of data without making unlikely stipulation. I will demonstrate that there are In fact two separate sets of verbs allowing the resultative meaning. The first set is definable in terms of the subject``s involvement, while the second set makes no reference to the subject``s involvement in the resulting state. I will characterize the second set as verbs of spatial configuration (Levin 1993) and propose the notion "affected locative" to optimally characterize the semantic feature licensing the resultative meaning in the second set.
Te-aru Resultatives in Japanese: A Non-lexical Approach in HPSG
( Chiharu Uda ) 한국언어정보학회 1994 국제 워크샵 Vol.1994 No.-
This paper examines the structure of fe-aru resultatives in Japanese in the framework of the Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) as laid out in II, 21 by referri ng to the data of honorification to argue that fe-aru has a biclausal structure and that the resultative predicate aru is a raising verb. Te-aru construction involves a complex predicate consisting of a gerundive verb and the resultative auxiliary verb uru. Complex predicates have always stimulated the controversy over whether they are to be derived lexically or non-lexically, and correspondingly, whether they are to be analyzed as monoclausal or biclausal. One type of the {e-uru resultative allegedly presents problems for this dichotomy because it presents data which favor a lexical analysis and those which support a non-lexical analysis at the same time. A recent study in LFG attempts to solve this problem by having recourse to an operation at a pre-syntactic level (131), and yet it leaves certain crucial problems unsolved. In this paper I investigate into the honorification operation and demonstrate that fe-uru resultatives do not in fact support a lexical analysis. The data of honorification are further explored to show that the resultative auxiliary aru is a raising verb rather than an equi-type control verb. Given this proposal. the very puzzling behaviors of fe-uru resultatives find a straightforward unifed account.