A Hybrid Coordination Approach of In-network Caching for Named Data Networking

Chih Yen Chang,Ming Sang Chang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.9 No.4

In-network caching is an important feature of Information Centric Networking (ICN). All routers in ICN will maintain caching ability, and, for each request, contents are cached at routers along the delivery path. This kind of on-path caching can reduce overall retrieval time. However, the same contents may end up to be cached all over the network causing wastes of caching space and decrease content diversity. Coordinated caching policy decides which contents to be stored at which routers cooperatively for better utilizing cache space. Nevertheless, with limited storage, most of coordinated caching policies use all the caching capacity to store popular contents. It may raise a fairness issue in which unpopular contents can not access caching space and thus lower overall performance. In this paper we propose a hybrid coordinated caching algorithm. By splitting cache space into two parts running different mechanisms respectively, it provides accessibility for both popular and unpopular contents. The evaluation results show that fairness is uplifted while maintaining high hit ratio and minimized latency.

Lipid Profile Change after Thyroidectomy

Chih Hao Chu,Soo Young Kim,Yong Sang Lee,Hang-Seok Chang 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2020 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.20 No.3

Purpose: Thyroid diseases and lipid metabolic abnormalities have been reported to be correlated. In patients with thyroid cancer, thyroid stimulating hormone levels are suppressed to prevent recurrence. Many studies have reported dyslipidemia associated with thyroid function, although its extent before and after thyroidectomy remains to be studied. This study aimed to determine the lipid levels for administering accurate lipid treatment in thyroid cancer patients post thyroidectomy. Methods: In total, 1,203 patients with thyroid cancer who underwent thyroidectomy between June 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016 at the Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, were enrolled in the study. Of these, patients aged <19 years and taking medication for dyslipidemia were excluded. Finally, we enrolled 295 thyroid cancer patients who underwent thyroidectomy and whose lipid profiles were confirmed pre- and post-operatively. Results: The total cholesterol levels in the lobectomy group without levothyroxine supplementation were significantly increased 1 year after surgery than those before surgery (168.17±29.19 mg/dL vs. 182.50±34.03 mg/dL, P=0.003). Additionally, the triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly decreased in the lobectomy with levothyroxine supplementation and total thyroidectomy groups, whereas cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels showed no significant change. No significant changes in the levels of cholesterol, LDL-C, and TG were observed in all the 3 groups. Conclusion: Extent of surgery and levothyroxine supplementation had an insignificant impact on the levels of cholesterol, LDL-C, TG, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol compared pre- and post-operatively.

Maintenance of Stroke Care Quality amid the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in Taiwan

Chih-Hao Chen,Chi-Hung Liu,Nai-Fang Chi,Pi-Shan Sung,Cheng-Yang Hsieh,Meng Lee,Sung-Chun Tang,Jiann-Shing Jeng,Taiwan Stroke Society Investigators 대한뇌졸중학회 2020 Journal of stroke Vol.22 No.3

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Landscape Position Effect on Soil Organic Carbon of Three Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forests in Taiwan

Chun-Chih Tsui,Wei-Chi Liao,Chia-Chia Lin,Zueng-Sang Chen 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

독립계약자에 대한 히말라야 약관적용 문제 및 특별규정안의 제안

지상규(Sang-Gyu Ji),왕지유(Chih-Yu Wang) 한국법학회 2013 법학연구 Vol.52 No.-

해상운송이나 복합운송을 통한 국제적인 화물의 운송은 화물의 수령, 선적, 적부, 관리, 양하 및 인도 등 복잡한 과정과 여러 업무가 복합적으로 연결되어 있다. 따라서 비록 운송계약이 송하인과 운송인사이에 체결되었다 하더라도 운송인 단독적으로 운송과 관련된 모든 업무를 처리한다는 것은 거의 불가능하다. 이렇듯 운송인은 운송계약에 따른 화물의 운송을 완성하기 위해 하역업자, 창고업자 또는 터미널운영자와 같은 독립계약자와 도급계약을 체결하는 것이 일반적인 관행이다. 그리고 국제협약 및 대부분의 국내법은 화물의 운송 중 발생하는 멸실, 훼손 또는 지연으로 손해에 대하여 운송인 및 운송인의 사용인 및 대리인에 대하여는 면책 및 책임제한을 인정하고 있다. 그러나 문제가 되는 것은 우리나라 및 중국 등의 일부 국가는 독립계약자에게 운송인의 항변사유 및 책임제한권의 원용을 인정하고 있지 않다는 것이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 독립계약자의 히말라야 원용 인정에 관하여 국제협약상의 관련 규정들을 살펴보고, 우리나라 상법의 관련 규정 및 판례의 태도, 그리고 중국의 해상법상의 규정 및 판례의 특징과 문제점, 그리고 이러한 문제점을 해결할 입법안을 제안하고자 한다. International transport of cargo by means of maritime transport or multimodal transport is made possible through combination of various businesses and complex procedures including receipt, shipment, arrangement, management, unloading and delivery of cargo. Therefore, even if a transport agreement is concluded between a shipper and a carrier, it would be almost impossible for the carrier solely to take care of all the operations related to the transport concerned. Thus, it is one of common business practices that the carrier concludes a sub-contract with several independent contractors such as stevedore, warehousing businesses and terminal operators in order to completely perform transportation of cargo. Then, international agreements and most of national laws prescribe exemption or limitation of liability of the carrier and his/her employee and agent against any damage resulted from loss or damage of cargo in the process of transportation or from delay in delivery. However, the problem is that, in some countries including South Korea and China, carriers object causes or right for limitation of liability are not acknowledged for their intendant contractors. Therefore, this study will review international conventions that are related to acknowledgement of availing of the Himalaya Clause onto independent contractors. Then, it reviewed relevant provisions of the commercial laws of South Korea, relevant decisions and attitude of the law, regulations under the maritime laws of China and characteristics and problems of the Chinese regulations and decisions and legislative solutions for such problems.

Development of a Research Platform for Dissecting Phenotype-Genotype Associations in Rice (Oryza spp.)

Tung, Chih-Wei,Zhao, Keyan,Wright, Mark H.,Ali, M. Liakat,Jung, Janelle,Kimball, Jennifer,Tyagi, Wricha,Thomson, Michael J.,McNally, Kenneth,Leung, Hei,Kim, Hyunjung,Ahn, Sang-Nag,Reynolds, Andy,Schef Springer (Biomed Central Ltd.) 2010 Rice Vol.3 No.4

증가하는 마크로라이드에 반응하지 않는 마이코플라스마 폐렴의 관련 인자와 임상 양상의 변화

탕지륭 ( Chih-lung Tang ),유인경 ( In Kyung Ryu ),정지현 ( Ji-hyun Jung ),박진성 ( Jin-sung Park ),김효빈 ( Hyo-bin Kim ) 대한천식알레르기학회(구 대한알레르기학회) 2018 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: Mycoplasma pneumonia is known to be a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Macrolide has been the first-line treatment for mycoplasma pneumonia, but recently there has been an increasing tendency of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MRMP). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the clinical tendency and the therapeutic responsibility of mycoplasma pneumonia in terms of the fever duration after treatment and its associated factors. Methods: A total of 346 children admitted with mycoplasma pneumonia during 3 recent periods (2008-2009, 2011-2012, and 2015-2016) were investigated with clinical manifestations, laboratory test results and chest x-ray findings. Patients were grouped according to fever duration and analyzed for differences in clinical features. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in age or sex between the 3 periods (P=0.284 and P=0.559, respectively). Total fever duration during mycoplasma pneumonia was increased with time (P for trend <0.001). The patients with a longer fever duration (≥3 days) after macrolide treatment presented with a higher CRP (P<0.001) and with lobar-type pneumonia (P=0.020) compared to those with a shorter fever duration. Fever duration after steroid treatment became longer in the longer fever group in 2011 (P=0.015) and 2015 (P<0.001), but not in 2008 (P=0.536). Conclusion: This study showed that the therapeutic effect of macrolide or steroid for mycoplasma pneumonia is recently attenuating and that high CRP, lobar-type pneumonia and presence of pleural effusion were the associated factors. Therefore, efforts to decrease MRMP and to develop better treatment guidelines for mycoplasma pneumonia are needed in the future. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2018;6:116-121)

Keratanase II Digestion Accompanied with a Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Urinary Keratan Sulfate Quantitative Analysis

Chuang, Chih-Kuang,Lin, Hsiang-Yu,Wang, Tuen-Jen,Huang, Sung-Fa,Lin, Shuan-Pei Association for Research of MPS and Rare Diseases 2017 Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare disease Vol.3 No.1

Purpose: Mucopolysaccharidosis IV (MPS IV) is a disease characterized by deficient activity of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS) causing excessive lysosomal storage of keratan sulfate (KS). The identification of the relevant disaccharide units of KS after keratanase II digestion followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS/MS) is validated and applicable for the preliminary diagnosis of MPS IV. Methods: A total of 67 urine samples were collected and analyzed from 11 MPS IV patients comprising 10 MPS IVA and one MPS IVB patients, and 56 normal controls. Urinary glycosaminoglycan was first precipitated by the Alcian blue method followed by a digestion of keratanase II. The protonated species of the digested disaccharide products were detected by using multiple reaction monitoring experiment. Results: One particular disaccharide of KS was selected. The transition mass-to-charge (m/z) of the parent ion and its daughter ion after collision was $462.0{\rightarrow}97.0$, whereas the chondrosine used as an internal standard in this assay was m/z $353.9{\rightarrow}73.0$. The results corresponded well with the two-dimensional electrophoresis method. The quantities of urinary KS were significantly raised in confirmed MPS IV patients when comparing with those of normal controls ($170.2{\pm}81.1$ vs. $4.06{\pm}1.92{\mu}g/mL$). Conclusion: The LC-MS/MS method for MPS IVA determination is specific, sensitive, validated, and applicable for urinary KS quantification. This method can be used not only as a first-line biochemistry examination of MPS IVA, but also as an outcome survey after enzyme replacement therapy.

Quercetin-mediated Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Involving Activation of a Caspase Cascade through the Mitochondrial Pathway in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells

Chu-Chung Chou,Jai-Sing Yang,Hsu-Feng Lu,Siu-Wan Ip,Chyi Lo,Chih-Chung Wu,Jing-Pin Lin,Nou-Ying Tang,Jing-Gung Chung,Ming-Jen Chou,Ying-Hock Teng,Dar-Ren Chen 대한약학회 2010 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.33 No.8

Dietary polyphenols have been correlated with a reduced risk of developing cancer. Quercetin (a natural polyphenolic compound) induced apoptosis in many human cancer cell lines, including breast cancer MCF-7 cells. However, the involvement of possible signaling pathways and the roles of quercetin in apoptosis are still undefined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of quercetin on the induction of the apoptotic pathway in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. When MCF-7 cells were treated with quercetin for 24 and 48 h and at various doses (10-175 μM), cell viability decreased significantly in time- and dose-dependent manners. Exposure of MCF-7 cells to 10-175 μM quercetin resulted in an approximate 90.25% decrease in viable cells. To explicate the mechanism underlying the antiproliferative effect of quercetin, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells was investigated after exposure to 150 μM quercetin for 6-48 h. Quercetin caused a remarkable increase in the number of S phase (14.56%to 61.35%) and sub-G1 phase cells (0.1% to 8.32%) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Quercetin caused S phase arrest by decreasing the protein expression of CDK2, cyclins A and B while increasing the p53 and p57 proteins. Following incubation with quercetin for 48 h, MCF-7 cells showed apoptotic cell death by the decreased levels of Bcl-2 protein and ΔΨ m and increased activations of caspase-6, -8 and -9. Moreover, quercetin increased the AIF protein released from mitochondria to nuclei and the GADD153 protein translocation from endoplasmic reticulum to the nuclei. These data suggested that quercetin may induce apoptosis by direct activation of the caspase cascade through the mitochondrial pathway in MCF-7 cells.

Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma of the Inflammatory Pseudotumor-like Variant Presenting as a Colonic Polyp

Shien-Tung Pan,Shih-Sung Chuang,Chih-Yuan Cheng,Nie-Sue Lee,Peir-In Liang 대한병리학회 2014 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.48 No.2

Follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcoma is rare and is classified either as conventional type or inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT)-like variant. Extranodal presentation is uncommon and nearly all gastrointestinal FDC tumors are of the conventional type. IPT-like variant tumors occur almost exclusively in the liver and spleen and are consistently associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Here we report the case of a 78-year-old woman with an IPT-like FDC sarcoma presenting as a pedunculated colonic polyp. Histologically, scanty atypical ovoid to spindle cells were mixed with a background of florid lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, which led to an initial misdiagnosis of pseudolymphoma. These atypical cells expressed CD21, CD23, CD35, and D2-40, and were positive for EBV by in situ hybridization, confirming the diagnosis. The patient was free of disease five months after polypectomy without adjuvant therapy. Although extremely rare, the differential diagnosis for colonic polyp should include FDC sarcoma to avoid an erroneous diagnosis. A review of the 24 cases of IPT-like FDC sarcoma reported in the literature reveal that this tumor occurs predominantly in females with a predilection for liver and spleen, and has a strong association with EBV.