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Moscatilin Induces Apoptosis and Mitotic Catastrophe in Human Esophageal Cancer Cells
Chien-An Chen,Chien-Chih Chen,Chien-Chang Shen,Hen-Hong Chang,Yu-Jen Chen 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.10
Moscatilin, a bibenzyl derivative from the orchid Dendrobium loddigesii, has been shown to possess anticancer activity. We examined the effect of moscatilin on human esophageal cancer cells, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC) cells and its possible mechanisms. Moscatilin suppressed the growth of both the histological cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Morphological changes indicative of apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe were observed following moscatilin treatment. The population of cells in the sub-G1 phase and polyploidy phase significantly increased after treatment. Immunofluorescence revealed multipolar mitosis and subsequent multinucleation in moscatilin-treated cells, indicating the development of mitotic catastrophe. Western blot showed a marked increase in expressions of polo-like kinase 1 and cyclin B1 after exposure to moscatilin. In conclusion, moscatilin inhibits growth and induces apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe in human esophageal SCC- and ADC-derived cell lines, indicating that moscatilin has broad potential against esophageal cancer
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Chien-Liang Liu,Ming-Jen Chen,Jiunn-Chang Lin,Chi-Hsin Lin,Wen-Chien Huang,Shih-Ping Cheng,Shan-Na Chen,Yuan-Ching Chang 한국유방암학회 2019 Journal of breast cancer Vol.22 No.2
Purpose: Cancer cells develop acquired resistance induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, we investigated the effects of brief treatment with cytotoxic drugs on the phenotype of breast cancer cells. Methods: Breast cancer cells MCF7 and BT-474 were briefly treated with paclitaxel or doxorubicin. Clonogenic, migration, and invasion assays were performed on the treated cells. Western blot analysis and RhoA activity assay were also performed. Results: Breast cancer cells when briefly treated with paclitaxel or doxorubicin showed reduced clonogenic ability. Doxorubicin, but not paclitaxel, augmented cell migration and invasion. The invasion-promoting effects of doxorubicin were lost when the two drugs were sequentially used in combination. Myosin light chain (MLC) 2 phosphorylation and RhoA activity were upregulated by doxorubicin and downregulated by paclitaxel. Pretreatment with RhoA inhibitors abolished the migration- and invasion-promoting effects of doxorubicin. Conclusion: Doxorubicin activates the RhoA/MLC pathway and enhances breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Therefore, this pathway might be explored as a therapeutic target to suppress anthracycline-enhanced tumor progression.
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Hepatitis C Elimination Program in Taiwan: “The Taiwan Hepatitis C Policy Guideline 2018 - 2025”
( Chien-jen Chen ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
In 1990, the seroprevalence of antibody against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in Taiwan was 0.95% in volunteer blood donors, 90% in hemophiliacs, and 81% in parenteral drug abusers. The anti-HCV seroprevalence was 17% in HBsAg-positive and 63% in HBsAg-negative patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A national program of antiviral therapy for chronic viral hepatitis was lauched in Taiwan in 2003. Mortality rates of end-stage liver diseases decreased continuously from 2000-2003 to 2008-2011 in all age and gender groups. There was 25% reduction in age-gender-adjusted mortality. Recently introduced hepatitis C therapies have short treatment courses, good safety records and high success rates, presenting a new opportunity for HCV elimination. Elimination of HCV is an ambitious task that needs national and international efforts, as indicated by World Health Organization (WHO). When the World Health Assembly adopted the Global Health Sector Strategy on viral hepatitis in 2016, it immediately caught the attention of the people and government in Taiwan. Efforts towards the elimination of chronic hepatitis C were seriously considered. After two years, the efforts from experts, public health officers, legislators, and the government leaders have culminated in a consensus of reaching the WHO goals in 2025, i.e., 5 years earlier than the 2030 deadline set by WHO. Accordingly, the Taiwan Hepatitis C Policy Guideline 2018-2025 was approved and published at the beginning of 2019. There are currently around 400,000 hepatitis C cases in Taiwan, with nearly 7,000 new infections per year. Three main strategies including prevention, screening and therapy will be adopted in the national elimination program. The government has increased screening, lowered the threshold for treatment, and greatly expanded outlays to cover the cost of new drugs. Funding has grown from US$101.8 million in 2017 to US$219.1 million in 2019. The government will provide US$1.7 billion in the coming eight years for the elimination of HCV. By dramatically lightening the financial burden of therapy, Taiwan aims to rapidly extend the reach of treatment and reduce infection sources and transmission of the virus. The number of people receiving new drug therapy has already more than quadrupled, from fewer than 10,000 in 2017 to about 42,000 in 2019. As many as 98.5% are successfully cured. Taiwan will accelerate its efforts to achieve WHO targets of treating 80% eligible HCV patients by 2025. In the light of the policy guideline, treatment restrictions based on fibrosis stage were removed in 2019. More than 58,000 patients are projected to be treated in 2020. Including 80,000 CHC patients already successfully treated with peginterferon and ribavirin before the DAA era, treatment coverage is expected to reach 50% by the end of 2020. Whether from the perspective of individual patient well-being and household finances, or even overall public health, national productivity and international standing, the benefits of the program are clear. In short, Taiwan is on track to eliminate HCV by 2025 because of aggressive measures including political commitment by the Ministry of Health and Welfare to finance this national program and remove National Health Insurance reimbursement restrictions for treatment. The capacity of specialists in Taiwan is enough to handle the existing HCV-infected population. The Taiwan Centers for Disease Control has instituted harm reduction programs. Other measures including awareness and active screening program and funding for linkage to care programs are also reinforced. The Hepatitis C Office has been keeping monitoring and evaluation of the national program. It is expected that the Taiwan Hepatitis C Policy Guideline's triple focus - therapy spearheads prevention, screening supports therapy and prevention secures outcome will help Taiwan achieve WHO's HCV elimination goal by 2025.
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Characterization of Protein Arginine Methyltransferases in Porcine Brain
Hung, Chien-Jen,Chen, Da-Huang,Shen, Yi-Ting,Li, Yi-Chen,Lin, Yi-Wei,Hsieh, Mingli,Li, Chuan Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2007 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.40 No.5
Protein arginine methylation is a posttranslational modification involved in various cellular functions including cell signaling, protein subcellular localization and transcriptional regulation. We analyze the protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) that catalyze the formation of methylarginines in porcine brain. We fractionated the brain extracts and determined the PRMT activities as well as the distribution of different PRMT proteins in subcellular fractions of porcine brain. The majority of the type I methyltransferase activities that catalyze the formation of asymmetric dimethylarginines was in the cytosolic S3 fraction. High specific activity of the methyltransferase was detected in the S4 fraction (high-salt stripping of the ultracentrifugation precipitant P3 fraction), indicating that part of the PRMT was peripherally associated with membrane and ribosomal fractions. The amount and distribution of PRMT1 are consistent with the catalytic activity. The elution patterns from gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography also indicate that the type I activity in S3 and S4 are mostly from PRMT1. Our results suggest that part of the type I arginine methyltransferases in brains, mainly PRMT1, are sequestered in an inactive form as they associated with membranes or large subcellular complexes. Our biochemical analyses confirmed the complex distribution of different PRMTs and implicate their regulation and catalytic activities in brain.
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Tsai Li-Jen,Chung Chi-Hsiang,Lin Chien-Jung,Su Sheng-Chiang,Kuo Feng-Chih,Liu Jhih-Syuan,Chen Kuan-Chan,Ho Li-Ju,Kuo Chih-Chun,Chang Chun-Yung,Lin Ming-Hsun,Chu Nain-Feng,Lee Chien-Hsing,Hsieh Chang-H 한국한의학연구원 2022 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.11 No.2
Background: Diabetic patients are at high risk of developing cancer. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has become increasingly popular as an adjuvant treatment for patients with chronic diseases, and some studies have identified its beneficial effect in diabetic patients with cancer. The purpoes of this study was to outline the potential of TCM to attenuate hospitalization and mortality rates in diabetic patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS). Methods: A total of 6,987 diabetic subjects with CIS under TCM therapy were selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, along with 38,800 of 1:1 sex-, age-, and index year-matched controls without TCM therapy. Cox proportional hazard analysis was conducted to compare hospitalization and mortality rates during an average of 15 years of follow-up. Results: A total of 3,999/1,393 enrolled-subjects (28.62%/9.97%) had hospitalization/mortality, including 1,777/661 in the TCM group (25.43%/9.46%) and 2,222/732 in the control group (31.80%/10.48%). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed a lower rate of hospitalization and mortality for subjects in the TCM group (adjusted HR=0.536; 95% CI=0.367–0.780, P<0.001; adjusted HR=0.783; 95% CI=0.574– 0.974, P = 0.022). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the cumulative risk of hospitalization and mortality in the case and control groups was significantly different (log rank, P<0.001 and P = 0.011, respectively). Conclusions: Diabetic patients with CIS under TCM therapy were associated with lower hospitalization and mortality rates compared to those without TCM therapy. Thus, TCM application may reduce the burden of national medical resources.
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Photocatalytic study of Zinc Oxide with bismuth doping prepared by spray pyrolysis
Lin, Tzu-Yang,Hsu, Yu-Ting,Lan, Wen-How,Huang, Chien-Jung,Chen, Lung-Chien,Huang, Yu-Hsuan,Lin, Jia-Ching,Chang, Kuo-Jen,Lin, Wen-Jen,Huang, Kai-Feng Techno-Press 2015 Advances in nano research Vol.3 No.3
The unintentionally doped and bismuth (Bi) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) films were prepared by spray pyrolysis at $450^{\circ}C$ with zinc acetate and bismuth nitrate precursor. The n-type conduction with concentration $6.13{\times}10^{16}cm^{-3}$ can be observed for the unintentionally doped ZnO. With the increasing of bismuth nitrate concentration in precursor, the p-type conduction can be observed. The p-type concentration $4.44{\times}10^{17}cm^{-3}$ can be achieved for the film with the Bi/Zn atomic ratio 5% in the precursor. The photoluminescence spectroscopy with HeCd laser light source was studied for films with different Bi doping. The photocatalytic activity for the unintentionally doped and Bi-doped ZnO films was studied through the photodegradation of Congo red under UV light illumination. The effects of different Bi contents on photocatalytic activity are studied and discussed. Results show that appropriate Bi doping in ZnO can increase photocatalytic activity.
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Thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology in Taiwan: a nationwide survey and literature update
Chien-Chin Chen,Jen-Fan Hang,Chih-Yi Liu,Yeh-Han Wang,Chiung-Ru Lai 대한병리학회 2020 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.54 No.5
In Taiwan, thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology is easily accessible and reliable for evaluating thyroid nodules. The sonographic pattern plays a major role and is the deciding factor for aspiration. We conducted a nationwide survey in 2017 and it revealed that 31% of laboratories had adopted The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. There was a relatively high unsatisfactory rate (24.04%) and low rates of indeterminate diagnoses, including atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesions of undetermined significance: 4.87%, and follicular neoplasm/suspicious for a follicular neoplasm: 0.35%. Moreover, the risks of malignancy in benign, atypia of undetermined significance, and suspicious for a follicular neoplasm were relatively high. These may reflect strict diagnostic criteria for indeterminate categories and better patient selection for surgery. Improvements in specimen sampling and continuing education programs are crucial. Newly-developed thyroid cytology technologies, such as immunocytochemistry, molecular testing, and computerized cytomorphometry, may further facilitate cytology diagnoses.
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