Asian Governance in a Hyperconnected World

Chiemi Hayashi,David Gleicher 동아시아재단 2012 Global Asia Vol.7 No.1

Influence of Heat-Treatment on the Adhesive Strength between a Micro-Sized Bonded Component and a Silicon Substrate under Bend and Shear Loading Conditions

Chiemi Ishiyama 한국비파괴검사학회 2012 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Adhesive bend and shear tests of micro-sized bonded component have been performed to clarify the relationship between effects of heat-treatment on the adhesive strength and the bonded specimen shape using Weibull analysis. Multiple micro-sized SU-8 columns with four different diameters were fabricated on a Si substrate under the same fabrication condition. Heat-treatment can improve both of the adhesive bend and shear strength. The improvement rate of the adhesive shear strength is much larger than that of the adhesive bend strength, because the residual stress, which must change by heat-treatment, should effect more strongly on the shear loading. In case of bend type test, the adhesive bend strength in the smaller diameters (50 and 75 ㎛) widely vary, because the critical size of the natural defect (micro-crack) should vary more widely in the smaller diameters. In contrast, in case of shear type test, the adhesive shear strengths in each diameter of the columns little vary. This suggests that the size of the natural defects may not strongly influence on the adhesive shear strength. All the result suggests that both of the adhesive bend and shear strengths should be complicatedly affected by heat-treatment and the bonded columnar diameter.

한국어의 태와 이른바 피동 표현

시라이시치애미 ( Chiemi Shiraishi ) 문창어문학회 2002 문창어문논집 Vol.39 No.-

Influence of Heat-Treatment on the Adhesive Strength between a Micro-Sized Bonded Component and a Silicon Substrate under Bend and Shear Loading Conditions

Ishiyama, Chiemi The Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing 2012 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Adhesive bend and shear tests of micro-sized bonded component have been performed to clarify the relationship between effects of heat-treatment on the adhesive strength and the bonded specimen shape using Weibull analysis. Multiple micro-sized SU-8 columns with four different diameters were fabricated on a Si substrate under the same fabrication condition. Heat-treatment can improve both of the adhesive bend and shear strength. The improvement rate of the adhesive shear strength is much larger than that of the adhesive bend strength, because the residual stress, which must change by heat-treatment, should effect more strongly on the shear loading. In case of bend type test, the adhesive bend strength in the smaller diameters (50 and $75\;{\mu}m$) widely vary, because the critical size of the natural defect (micro-crack) should vary more widely in the smaller diameters. In contrast, in case of shear type test, the adhesive shear strengths in each diameter of the columns little vary. This suggests that the size of the natural defects may not strongly influence on the adhesive shear strength. All the result suggests that both of the adhesive bend and shear strengths should be complicatedly affected by heat-treatment and the bonded columnar diameter.

A Consideration of Honorific Language as Viewed by Korean Learners of Japanese

등원지영미 ( Chiemi Fujiwara ) 아시아.유럽미래학회 2011 유라시아연구 Vol.8 No.4

한국인 학습자에게는 어휘, 문법 등의 일본어 체계가 모국어인 한국어와 유사하기 때문에 일본어 습득을 촉진시키는 요소로 작용하지만, 일본어 커뮤니케이션 상의 가장 큰 특징 중 하나인 대우표현(待遇表現)과 경어(敬語)는 한국인 학습자뿐만 아니라 대부분의 일본어 학습자에게 습득이 어려운 부분이다. 한국어도 일본어와 같이 경어가 발달된 언어이지만 양 언어 간에는 경어체계와 그 사용법에 차이점도 존재하기 때문에 커뮤니케이션 상 오해도 자주 발생한다. 그래서 본고에서는 일본인과의 커뮤니케이션에서 대우(待遇) 레벨의 선택에 영향을 주는 한국인 학습자의 경어관(敬語觀)에 대해서 살펴보았다. 이러한 일본어 학습자의 경어 의식에 대해서는 양적 연구는 많지만 경어 의식에 초점을 맞춘 질적 연구는 적다. 여러 가지 요인이 작용하여 변화하는 「의식」에 대해서는 양적 연구만으로는 그 양상을 포괄적으로 파악하기는 어렵다. 따라서 본고에서는 개인별 태도구조 분석법(Analysis of Personal Attitude Construct; 이하, PAC 분석)을 이용하여 한국인 학습자의 경어관과 경어 사용에 대한 의식을 살펴보았다. 다음은 조사에 대한 분석 결과이다. 피험자의 덴드로그램(dendrogram)에 나타난 자유연상항목(自由連想項目)은 모두 66항목이다. 그 중에「긍정적 이미지 항목」이 42항목,「부정적 이미지 항목」이 10항목,「어느 쪽도 아닌 항목」이 14항목이 나타난 것으로 보아서 한국인 학습자는 전체적으로 긍정적인 경어관을 가지고 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 피험자에게 공통적으로 나타난 경어관중에서 가장 특징적인 것은「예의」, 「거리감」의 2항목이고, 이 이미지는 피험자 전원에게 나타났으며 이것은 경어를 커뮤니케이션에 있어서 정중함을 나타내는 주요한 수단으로 인식하고, 화자간의 친소(親疏)관계와 심리적 거리를 유지하고 조절하는 기능으로 인식하고 있다는 것을 나타낸다고 할 수 있다.「거리감」에 대해서는 경어를 사용함으로써 상대방과 기분 좋은 거리를 유지할 수 있다고 장점으로 보는 것으로 보아서 부정적 평가만 하고 있지는 않다는 것을 알 수 있다. 두 번째 특징은 자유연상항목(自由連想項目)에서 「경어 사용자」에 대한 긍정적 이미지가 강하게 나타난 점이다. 발표나 비즈니스 등 공적인 장면에서 프로페셔널하게 일을 잘하는 것, 세련된 하이클라스의 사람들 등의 공통된 이미지를 들 수 있으며, 지성·교양과 경어 사용자상이 명확한 연관 관계가 있다고 인식하는 경어관이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 또한 경어 사용은 언어적 센스와 언어를 사용하는 기법으로 보고 있고, 언어 장면에서의 적절한 언어 사용 능력이라고 할 수 있는 사회 언어 능력으로 보고 있는 양상도 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같이 피험자가 경어 사용을 화자의 능력적인 관점에서 파악하고, 교양·지성과 관련 지어서 보는 것은 「교양·지성을 가진 경어 사용자」는 한국의 가정에서 제대로 경어 교육을 받은 사람이라고 생각하고, 그러한 가정교육에 대한 긍정적 이미지가 반영된 것이라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 세 번째 특징은 피험자가 경어 사용을 일본과 한국의 공통된 특징이라고 평가하고 「동아시아」의 특징이라고 보고 있으며, 넓은 시점에서 총체적으로 파악하려고 한다는 점이다. 이것은 PAC 분석을 이용해서 조사한 藤原(인쇄중)의 연구에서 대만인이 일본어의 경어를 일본 문화에 한정된 특징으로 보고 있는 결과와는 크게 다르다. 이 두 가지 연구결과를 종합적으로 살펴보면 한일 양언어간의 경어 체계의 유사성이 제2 언어인 일본어의 경어관에 영향을 주고 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 네 번째 특징은 본 연구에서도 선행 연구(藤原2011, 藤原인쇄중)와 같이 경어의「어려움」과 「복잡성」이라는 항목이 출현했지만 이것은 경어 체계 그 자체에 대한 것이 아니라, 존경어·겸양어의 올바른 사용법에 대한 어려움에서 기인된 것으로 생각된다. 일본어의 겸양 표현은 한국어에 비해서 다양하기(賈惠京, 2001) 때문에 한국인 학습자가 일본어 경어를 가장 어렵게 느끼게 되는 원인이라고 생각된다. 이상에서 본 바와 같이 한국인 학습자의 경어관의 특징은 모국어의 경어에 대한 이미지가 자유연상항목(自由連想項目)으로 나타났으며 경어 자체를 긍정적으로 보고 있다는 점이다. 대만인 학습자가 부정적 이미지가 많으며 경어에 대해서「간단했으면 좋겠다」「없는 게 좋다」고 지적하는(藤原, 인쇄중) 것과는 상반적으로, 한국인 학습자는「없어져서는 안 된다」「반드시 몸에 익히는 편이 좋다」는 항목이 나타났으며, 경어 사용을 사회생활을 영위하기 위한 중요한 문화적 산물로 보는 경향이 있다. 향후에는 서로 다른 속성의 피험자(예:일본 체재 경험이 없는 한국인)를 선정하여 조사를 실시함과 동시에 피험자수를 늘려서 정량조사를 실시하여 본연구의 결과와 고찰을 한층 더 심화시킬 필요가 있다고 생각된다. With approximately 960,000 South Koreans studying Japanese as of 2009, they comprise 26.4% of the total number of all learners of Japanese as a second language, more than any other nationality (The Japan Foundation, 2009). For Korean learners of Japanese, the similarities in the structure of Japanese-vocabulary and grammar, etc.-with their native Korean are factors that further their language acquisition. However, it is not uncommon for Korean learners of Japanese to find the characteristics of Japanese communication involving speech levels, particularly honorific language, to be difficult. Although the Korean language has also developed a system of honorific language, it has many disparities with the structure and usage of Japanese honorific language. In addition, differences in normative consciousnesses regarding honorific language are considered to possibly be a frequent trigger for miscommunication. This paper considers the influence that their view of honorific language has upon Korean learners of Japanese with regard to their selection of speech levels when communicating with Japanese people. While much research in which qualitative studies were conducted on consciousness pertaining to Japanese honorific language has already been done, there has been little research with aqual it ative examination focusing on Japanese language learners` consciousness of honorific language. Through quantit ative research alone, it is difficult to gain acomprehensive understanding of aspects of “consciousness,” which change due to the influence of various contributing factors. Therefore, this paper will utilize the Analysisof Personal Attitude Construct(below, PAC analysis), which inrecent years has come to be used as a psychological approach to analyzing Japanese language education, to examine Korean learners` of Japanese consciousness pertaining to the view and usage of honorific language. A survey was conducted from August 2009 to January 2011 in Japan and South Korea. The survey respondents were four intermediate to advanced Korean speakers of Japanese, each of whom had studied in Japan. The survey followed the PAC analysis format with “What is your image of honorific language and its usage?” as the stimulus term. The results of the analysis will be given below. Sixty-six free association items were found in dendrograms of respondents` answers. Overall, they showed a positive view of honorific language with 42 items for a “positive image,” 10 for a “negative image,” and 14 for “neither.” The first common characteristic among respondents was the appearance of the two items: “manners,” and “feeling of distance.” From the appearance of these two items in all of the respondents` answers, it can be understood that, for verbal communication, honorific language is an important means of showing politeness and that respondents are aware that it has a function of maintaining and adjusting the degree of intimacy and psychological distance between speakers. In terms of the “feeling of distance,” there was also mention of the advantageousness of honorific language for keeping a comfortable level of distance, thus, respondents did not necessarily evaluate “feeling of distance” to be a negative thing. The second common characteristic of the free association items was a strongly positive image of users of honorific language. In presentations or in business, there was a shared impression among respondents of honorific language users being professional, disciplined workers who get the job done, belong to a higher class, and have refinement. The view of honorific language that emerged among respondents is clearly connected to an impression of its users as being intelligent and sophisticated. Furthermore, it was confirmed that respondents view honorific language use as a sense and skill for language and that correct usage of honorific language in communication situations connotes sociolinguistic competence-the ability to use language. In this way, honorific language users are viewed from the perspective of their ability. The tendency to tie honorific language usage to ability of speakers, sophistication, and intelligence could stem from the consciousness of Korean respondents, which is of “sophisticated, intelligent honorific language users” as having received a solid at-home education on honorific language in South Korea, and their positive image of that education in the home. The third characteristic was that respondents identified honorific language as a characteristic shared by Japan and South Korea, evincing their broad perspective that views honorific language in an overall sense as an East Asian characteristic. This differs greatly from Taiwanese speakers of Japanese, who tend to view honorific language as a characteristic limited to Japanese culture as shown by the research by Fujiwara using PAC analysis to clarify their view of honorific language (under review). The disparity between these two sets of research results indicates the possibility that the similarities between Korean and Japanese honorific language influence the way Koreans view the honorific language of Japanese. As for the fourth characteristic, just as in previous research (Fujiwara, 2011, under review), responses showed an image of honorific language as “difficult” and “complicated.” However, rather than the difficulty of honorific language itself, this refers to the difficulty of knowing when to correctly use respectful and/or humble honorific words. As Japanese humble honorific expressions display greater variation than those of Korean (Hekyon Ka, 2001), this can possibly be considered the most difficult part of Japanese honorific language for Korean learners. As seen above in the characteristics of the way in which Korean learners of Japanese view honorific language, there was a tendency to have a positive image of honorific language itself, as seen in responses to the free association items for observing the image of honorific language in native-language situations. As for Taiwanese learners of Japanese, many negative-image responses appeared, such as those indicating that honorific language “should be simplified” and “should be done away with” (under review). Whereas in data on Korean learners, items were observed stating that honorific language is “something that shouldn`t be lost” and is “a must-have skill,” reflecting a tendency to view honorific language usage as a vital part of cultural heritage necessary for running social lifestyles. Along with influencing this positive consciousness, it is possible that similarities between the structure of honorific language in their native language of Korean and their second language of Japanese also leads to a consciousness of honorific language, which is informed by a general image that lumps the honorific language of the two languages together. In addition, it can also be surmised that honorific language education within Korean families as well as daily lifestyles, which are deeply-rooted in Korean social/cultural characteristics, and the positive consciousness toward such things, also exerts an influence on the consciousness regarding honorific language. In the future, the results and observations of this paper should be pursued in greater depth through studies conducted with respondents from different groups (for example, Koreans who have not stayed in Japan) including larger groups of respondents and incorporation of qualitative analysis.

Development and Validation of the Reflection and Self-Assessment Scale for Student Nurse

Isako Ueta,Chiemi Kawanishi,Tetsuya Tanioka 한국간호과학회 2011 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.10

Applicability of Cellulose Nanofiber Coating Treatment for Strengthening Naturally Aged Papers

Takayuki Okayama,Chiemi Kadoya,Masazumi Seki,Mao Tonoyama 한국펄프·종이공학회 2016 한국펄프·종이공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.10

Effectiveness and Sustainability of Education about Incident Reporting at a University Hospital in Japan

Noriko Nakamura,Yuichi Yamashita,Shinichi Tanihara,Chiemi Maeda 대한의료정보학회 2014 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.20 No.3

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of educational interventions to encourage incident reporting. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental design. The study involved nurses working in two gastroenterology surgical wards at Fukuoka University Hospital, Japan. The number of participants on each ward was 26 nurses at baseline. For the intervention group, we provided 15 minutes of education about patient safety and the importance of incident reporting once per month for six months. After the completion of the intervention, we compared incident reporting in the subsequent 12 months for both groups. Questionnaires about reasons/motives for reporting were administered three times, before the intervention, after the intervention, and six months after the intervention for both the intervention group and the control group. Results: For the intervention group, incident reporting during the 6 months after the intervention period increased significantly compared with the baseline. During the same period, the reasons and motives for reporting changed significantly in the intervention group. The increase in reported incidents during the 6- to 12-month period following the intervention was not significant. In the control group, there was no significant difference during follow-up compared with the baseline. Conclusions: A brief intervention about patient safety changed the motives for reporting incidents and the frequency of incidents reported by nurses working in surgical wards in a university hospital in Japan. However, the effect of the education decreased after six months following the education. Regular and long-term effort is required to maintain the effect of education.

Safety and effectiveness of monthly intravenous ibandronate injections in a prospective, postmarketing, and observational study in Japanese patients with osteoporosis

Yasuhiro Takeuchi,Junko Hashimoto,Yosuke Nishida,Chiemi Yamagiwa,Takashi Tamura,Akihide Atsumi 대한골다공증학회 2018 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.4 No.1

Objectives: This postmarketing, observational study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of monthly intravenous (IV) ibandronate in Japanese patients with osteoporosis. Methods: Eligible patients received monthly IV ibandronate 1mg for 12 months. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were evaluated. Changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers (BTMs) were assessed using matched t-test analysis. Cumulative fracture rates were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier methodology. Results: In total, 1062 patients were enrolled, of whom 1025 (n= 887 women, n= 138 men) were treated. Mean patient age was 77 years. Seventy-five ADRs were reported in 54 patients (5.26%). Four patients (0.39%) experienced serious ADRs, including one case of osteonecrosis of the jaw. Acute-phase reactions occurred in 21 patients (2.04%), and half of them arose after the first ibandronate injection. No new safety concerns were identified. Significant increases in BMD at 12 months relative to baseline were observed at the lumbar spine (4.84%, n= 187; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.47%-6.21%), femoral neck (2.73%, n= 166; 95% CI, 1.46%-4.01%), and total hip (1.93%, n= 133; 95% CI, 0.80%-3.07%). Significant reductions were observed in all BTMs at 12 months (n = 174 in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b, n = 101 in procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide at baseline). The cumulative incidence of nontraumatic,new vertebral and nonvertebral fractures was 3.16% (95% CI, 2.12%-4.70%). Analyses in women only showed similar results to the overall population. Conclusions: These findings confirm the favorable safety and consistent effectiveness of ibandronate, and indicate that monthly IV ibandronate would be beneficial in daily practice for the treatment of Japanese patients with osteoporosis.

Effectiveness of monthly intravenous ibandronate injections in a realworld setting: Subgroup analysis of a postmarketing observational study

Yasuhiro Takeuchi,Junko Hashimoto,Hiroyuki Kakihata,Yousuke Nishida,Michiko Kumagai,Chiemi Yamagiwa 대한골다공증학회 2019 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.5 No.1

Objectives: The favorable safety and consistent effectiveness of monthly intravenous (IV) ibandronate injections was demonstrated in a prospective, postmarketing, observational study in Japanese patients with osteoporosis. Here, we present subgroup analyses from the study. Methods: Lumbar spine (L2e4) bone mineral density (BMD) gains were assessed in the following subgroups: aged <75 or 75 years, absence or presence of vertebral fractures, previous bisphosphonate (BP) treatment, and concomitant versus naïve osteoporosis drug treatment. The cumulative incidence of fractures and relative change in bone turnover markers were also examined. Results: Of 1062 enrolled patients, 1025 received monthly IV ibandronate 1mg and were assessed for 12 months. BMD gains with ibandronate were comparable, irrespective of older age or prevalent fractures. Overall, 515 patients (50.2%) had previously received osteoporosis treatment; of these, 166 (16.1%) received other BPs. Mean BMD changes were 3.69% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89%e6.50%) in patients previously treated with other BPs, and 4.26% (95% CI, 2.88%e5.64%) in patients who had not received prior osteoporosis treatment. Among the 510 patients (49.7%) concomitantly prescribed active vitamin D drugs, mean BMD changes were 5.74% (95% CI, 2.53%e8.95%) with eldecalcitol versus 3.54% (95% CI, 1.98%e5.10%) with ibandronate alone. The lowest fracture incidence was observed with the combination of ibandronate and eldecalcitol, but differences between the subgroups were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Monthly IV ibandronate demonstrated comparable BMD gains in the patient subgroups analyzed. Concomitant use of ibandronate with eldecalcitol showed a trend of higher BMD gains and lower fracture incidence than ibandronate alone.