함정수사에 관한 고찰

정금천(Jeong Keum-Cheon) 한국형사법학회 2006 刑事法硏究 Vol.26 No.-

  Agent provocateur means all preliminary countermeasures and deceptive way of investigation in which the investigating organization hides its identity on its own or using the source of information. This agent provocateur has been used to investigate the crimes such as drug related crimes or prostitution.<BR>  In spite of usefulness of the method, there are serous problems that the method has possibility to conflict with the principle of guarantee of human right. And the agent provocateur stands between two conflicting values, defense of society and guarantee of human right. agent provocateur occurs only when the criminal design originate with the officials of the Government, and they implant it in the mind of an innocent person. So the agent provocateur has the possibility to violate the human right.<BR>  From this point of view, we need a judgement standard of illegality of agent provocateur which do not infringe on the human right. And we must find out the suitable line which permitted limit in the due process and also study on the mutual relation between standard of illegality and legal effect of agent provocateur.<BR>  This concern prompted a lot of discussion about how to control the agent provocateur. A series of proposals have been made, like the control through the judicial procedure, the internal control by investigating organization, the punishment of the abettor of trap as abetting criminal, and so forth. Meanwhile those discussions have not been occurred at one time, but separately. Consequently, no theoretical consistency has been demonstrated as to the way of control. This dissertation tries to put forth the arguments proposed previously and review what relevance those arguments have respectively.<BR>  In defining the agent provocateur, this writer suggests in this paper that the cause should be added to the subject of the agent provocateur, the abettor of trap should be punished as the abetting criminal, and the entrapped person should be found not guilty in the Court from the perspective of judicial law, considering that such a person caught in the agent provocateur is dismissed  of the responsibility in terms of substantial law.<BR>  This is significant and meaningful in that it tries to match the procedure law and substantial law. Moreover, this paper also looked at what significance the latest rulings of Supreme Court on the agent provocateur have in terms of judicial procedure.<BR>  It is important to clearly define the boundary of punish ability because the agent provocateur is one of ways to investigate crimes despite its inherent problems. In that sense, this paper is meaningful and significant in term of the legalization of agent provocateur.

Effects of Rutaecarpine on the Metabolism and Urinary Excretion of Caffeine in Rate

( Keum Han Noh ),( Young Min Seo ),( Sang Kyu Lee ),( Sudeep R. Bista ),( Mi Jeong Kang ),( Yurng Dong Jahng ),( Eun Young Kim ),( Won Ku Kang ),( Tae Cheon Jeong ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2011 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.21 No.-

Medicinal Chemistry : Original Article ; Effects of Baicalin on Oral Pharmacokinetics of Caffeine in Rats

( Keum Han Noh ),( Mahesh Raj Nepal ),( Ki Sun Jeong ),( Sun-a Kim ),( Yeon Ji Um ),( Chae Shin Seo ),( Mi Jeong Kang ),( Pil Hoon Park ),( Won Ku Kang ),( Hye Gwang Jeong ),( Tae Cheon Jeong ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2015 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.25 No.-

Scutellaria baicalensis is one of the most widely used herbal medicines in East Asia.Because baicalein and baicalin are major components of this herb,it is important to under stand the effects of these compounds on drug metabolizing enzymes,such ascytochrome P450(CYP),for evaluating herb-drug interaction. The effects pf baocalin and baicalein on activities of ethoxyresoru- fin O-deethylase(EROD),methoxyresorufin O-demethylase(MROD),benzuloxyresorufin O-demethylase(BROD),p-nitrophenol hydroxulase and erythormycin N-demethylase were assessed in rat liver microsomes in the present study. In addition,the phar- macokinetics of caffeine and its three metabolites (i.e.,paraxanthine,theobromine and theophylline)in baicalin-treated rets were compared with untreated control.As results, EROD,MROD and MROD and BROD activities were inhibiteb by both baicalin and baicalein However,there were no significant differences in the pharmackkinetic parameters of oral caffeine and its three metablites be-tween control and baicalin-treated rats. When the plasma concantration of baicalin was determined,the maximum concentration of baicalin was below the estimated IC values observed in vitro. In conclusion,baicalin had no effects on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its metabolites in vivo, following single oral administration in rats.

Quantitative determination of sparfloxacin in rat plasma by Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

( Keum Han Noh ),( Kwang Il Kwon ),( Tae Cheon Jeong ),( Won Ku Kang ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2011 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.21 No.-

Glycosylation Enhances the Physicochemical Properties of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester

( Keum-ok Moon ),( Soyoon Park ),( Myungsoo Joo ),( Ki-tae Ha ),( Nam-in Baek ),( Cheon-seok Park ),( Jaeho Cha ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.11

In this study, we synthesized a glycosylated derivative of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) using the amylosucrase from Deinococcus geothermalis with sucrose as a substrate and examined its solubility, chemical stability, and anti-inflammatory activity. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that the resulting glycosylated CAPE (G-CAPE) was the new compound caffeic acid phenethyl ester-4-O-α-D-glucopyranoside. G-CAPE was 770 times more soluble than CAPE and highly stable in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium and buffered solutions, as estimated by its half-life. The glycosylation of CAPE did not significantly affect its anti-inflammatory activity, which was assessed by examining lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production and using a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 reporter assay. Furthermore, a cellular uptake experiment using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the cell-free extracts of RAW 264.7 cells demonstrated that G-CAPE was gradually converted to CAPE within the cells. These results demonstrate that the glycosylation of CAPE increases its bioavailability by helping to protect this vital molecule from chemical or enzymatic oxidation, indicating that G-CAPE is a promising candidate for prodrug therapy.

Probing the Critical Residues for Intramolecular Fructosyl Transfer Reaction of a Levan Fructotransferase

( Keum Ok Moon ),( Kyoung Hwa Choi ),( Ho Young Kang ),( Jeong Il Oh ),( Se Bok Jang ),( Cheon Seok Park ),( Jong Hoon Lee ),( Jae Ho Cha ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2008 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.18 No.6

다양한 친수성 고분자를 이용한 삼중층 정제의 니페디핀 서방화 및 특성분석

이천중(Cheon Jung Lee),하현정(Hyun Jung Ha),김수영(Su Young Kim),박진영(Jin Young Park),장나금(Na Keum Jang),송정은(Jeong Eun Song),강길선(Gilson Khang) 한국고분자학회 2015 폴리머 Vol.39 No.5

니페디핀은 고혈압 치료제로 쓰이는 약물로 난용성이기 때문에 용출률의 개선이 필요한 약물이다. 또한 반감기가 1.5~2시간 정도로 짧기 때문에 약물방출을 서방화시킬 필요성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 니페디핀의 약물 방출을 조절하기 위하여 다중층 정제를 통한 24시간 방출제어를 목표로 하였다. 다중층 정제는 윗층과 아래층 그리고 가운데층의 세층으로 이루어지며 윗층과 아래층은 gel-forming 고분자를 이용하여 방출조절을 시도하였다. 가운데 층은 니페디핀의 용출률 향상을 위해 니페디핀과 폴리비닐프롤리돈 K30의 고체분산체를 제조하여 사용하였다. 고체분산체 분석을 위한 SEM, XRD 그리고 DSC분석을 실시하였으며, 인공장액(pH 6.8)에서 생체 외 용출거동을 24시간동안 실시하였다. 실험 결과, 여러 종류의 친수성 고분자 종류 중 하이드록시프로필 메틸셀룰로스 K15M을 사용한 니페디핀 삼중층 제형이 가장 좋은 서방형 패턴과 용출률을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 니페디핀의 서방화 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. Nifedipine is mainly used for treatment of antianginal (especially in Prinzmetal’s angina) and antihypertensive. However, it is needed to improve the dissolution rate because it is poorly water-soluble drug. Nifedipine needs the sustained release formulation due to its short half-life of 1.5~2 h. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to control the burst release of nifedipine through the multi-layer as three layers formulation for 24 h. Upper and bottom layers consisted of gel-forming polymers as release controlling agent, and the middle layer was prepared by nifedipin-PVP K30 solid dispersion. The prepared solid dispersion was analyzed by SEM, XRD and DSC. The prepared multi-layer tablet was characterized by swelling assays. The release behavior of nifedipine from the multi-layer tablet was confirmed through in vitro assay (pH 6.8). It was confirmed that the nifedipine three-layered tablet using hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) K15M showed the best of sustained pattern and dissolution behavior.

Admittance Measurements on OFET Channel and Its Modeling With <tex> $R$</tex>–<tex> $C$</tex> Network

Jung, Keum-Dong,Lee, Cheon An,Park, Dong-Wook,Park, Byung-Gook,Shin, Hyungcheol,Lee, Jong Duk IEEE 2007 IEEE electron device letters Vol.28 No.3

<P>For the modeling of charge response behavior in the organic field-effect-transistor (OFET) channel, the admittance of the OFET channel is measured from the two-terminal MIS structures. The channel is considered as an R-C network, and both the capacitance and loss of the measured admittance show good agreement with the model. The effective delay of the R-C network depends on the sheet resistance of the channel, the insulator capacitance, and the channel length. The maximum operating frequency of an OFET can be limited by this delay, because the channel charges cannot be induced completely within the delay time</P>

FMIPv6에서 QoS를 고려한 트래픽 제어 메커니즘의 평가

진금식(Keum-Sik Jin),김재영(Jae-Young Kim),정선화(Sun-Hwa Jung),박석천(Seok-Cheon Park) 한국정보과학회 2004 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.31 No.1A

현재 IPv6에서 이동 통신에 끊김 없는 서비스를 제공하기 위해 Mobile IPv6에 관한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. FMIPv6는 핸드오버 절차를 간소화시켜서 빠른 속도의 핸드오버와 데이터 전송이 가능하며 SIP나 VoIP 및 무선 인터넷 동영상 서비스와 같은 경우에 많이 사용될 것으로 예상되지만 패킷 손실의 문제점을 지니고 있다. 본 논문은 FMIPv6에서 핸드오버시 발생하는 패킷 손실을 줄이기 위하여 라우터에서 사용하는 여러 패킷 관리 스케쥴링 기법 중 WFQ기법을 사용한 트래픽 관리 메커니즘을 설계하고 평가하였다.

전신성 홍반성 낭창환자에서 혈청 면역글로불린치의 변화

황윤근,윤종수,강천일,서영익,이종명,김능수 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1995 慶北醫大誌 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : SLE환자에서 혈청 면역글로불린치와 연령별, 질병 이환기간, 임상적 활동도 및 신증후군 유무와 혈청 면역글로불린치에 대한 상관관계를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SLE로 진단된 54례(남자 3례, 여자 51례)의 환자를 대상으로 이들의 병력, 이학적 검사, 및 검사실 소견 등을 조사하였다. 혈청 IgG, IgA, IgM치는 RID(radial immunodiffusion)법으로, IgE치는 EIA(enzyme immuoassay)법을 이용하여 측정하였다. 결과 : 54명의 환자중 남녀비는 1:17이었고 환자의 평균연령은 29.1±11.6세, 평균 질병이환 기간은 3.0±2.7년이었다. 혈청 면역글로불린의 평균치는 IgG, IgA, IgM의 경우 정상범위내에 있었고 IgE치는 정상보다 높았다. 연령 또는 질병 이환기간과 혈청 면역글로불린 IgG, IgM, IgE치 사이에는 유의한 상관 관계가 없었으나 연령과 이환기간 사이에는 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 임상적 활동도와 혈청 면역글로불린치 사이에는 IgG와 IgM의 평균치의 경우 활동군 및 비활동군사이에 유의한 차이가 없었으나 IgE치는 활동군에서 유의하게 높았다. 신증후군 유무와 혈청 면역글로불린치 사이에는 유의한 관계가 없었다. 결론 : SLE환자에서 혈청 면역 글로불린 중 IgE의 평균치가 정상범위보다 높았으며 임상적으로 활동군인 경우가 비활동군보다 IgE치가 유의하게 높았다. SLE환자에서 IgE의 증가와 기전 및 역할에 대해서는 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. To determine the factors influencing serum immunoglobulin levels, the effects of age, duration of disease, clinical activity and the presence of nephrotic syndrome on serum immunoglobulin level were investigated in 54 patients with SLE. Of 54 cases with SLE, 51 cases were females and 3 cases were males. The mean age of parients was 29.1 ± 11.6 years(range: 11-64) and the mean duration of disease was 3.0 ± 2.7 years with a range of 1-12 years. The mean IgG concentration was 16.54 ± 7.32 g/L, the mean IgA was 2.81 ± 1.13 g/L, the mean IgM was 1.56 ± 0.86 g/L and the mean IgE was 246.46 ± 286.04 IU/mL. The mean values of IgG, IgA and IgM was within the normal ranges but the mean IgE concentrations was higher than normal reference values. In view of relationships among age, disease duration and serum immunoglobuline concentrations, IgG, IgM and IgE levels were not correlated with age or disease duration. But age and disease duration were significantly correlated(r=0.457, p < 0.01). With regard to the effect of clinical activity on serum immunoglobulin levels, there was no significant difference in mean IgG and IgM levels between active and inactive group. But patients with active group had significantly higher mean IgE levels than inactive group(p < 0.05). In the study of determining the relationship between nephrotic syndrome and serum immunoglobulin levels, the mean values of IgG, IgM and IgE levels revealed no significant difference between the SLE patients with nephrotic syndrome and those without nephrotic syndrome. Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the relationships among age, disease duration, clinical activity, nephrotic syndrome and serum immunoglobulin levels. And additional studies to clarify the clinical significance of altered immunoglobulin levels in patients with SLE might be needed