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Estimation of Seasonal Partial Pressure CO2 in NW Pacific Ocean by Ship and Satellite Data
Chen, Rui,Akiyama, Masatoshi,Sugimori, Yasuhiro 대한원격탐사학회 1997 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.13 No.1
Determination of seasonal and high resolution partial pressure CO₂(pCO₂) in surface seawater is one of the most challenging problems to estimate CO₂ flux between air-sea interface. A new empirical relation between pCO₂ and different physical and geochemical parameters in surface ocean has been established from recent WOCE cruises and tested in Northwest Pacific Ocean(100-150。E, 0-50。N). Compared with previous field investigations, they show a good agreement in tropical ocean and subtropical gyres throughout the year, as well as the temperate waters in the summer season. The mean value of pCO₂ is well simulated using Levitus data, and its temporal and spatial variation are found to be dominantly controlled by sea surface temperature, which implys a combination of operational A VHRR dataset may produce high resolution of pCO₂ and its seasonal variations in the study area In winter season when intense up welling occurs in the subarctic regions a systematic underestimate of about 74uatm is found for the proposed parameterization method, mainly attributed to the deep water rich in nutrients and tCO₂ accumulated through biological bump. Correcting fir this bias, the calculated pCO₂ coincides well with the historical investigations. Further effort is needed for modelling in areas where upwelling is active in winter season, especially linked with remotely sensed data, e.g. CZCS data and newly collected data stream from OCTS and Sea WiFS.
Priority-based Unequal Error Protection Scheme of Data partitioned H.264 video with Hierarchical QAM
( Chen Rui ),( Wu Minghu ),( Yang Jie ),( Rui Xiongli ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2014 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.8 No.11
In this paper, we propose a priority-based unequal error protection scheme of data partitioned H.264/AVC video with hierarchical quadrature amplitude modulation. In order to map data with higher priority onto the most significant bits of QAM constellation points, a priority sorting method categorizes different data partitions according to the unequal importance factor of encoded video data in one group of pictures by evaluated the average distortion. Then we propose a hierarchical quadrature amplitude modulation arrangement with adaptive constellation distances, which takes into account the unequal importance of encoded video data and the channel status. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves the received video quality by about 2 dB in PSNR comparing with the state-of-the-art unequal error protection scheme, and outperforms EEP scheme by up to 5 dB when the average channel SNR is low.
Liang, Wang,Chenrui, Li,Jing, Ren,Xuehua, Jiang 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.8
In this paper, the effect of the chemically modified cyclodextrin [namely, $2-hydroxypropyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin$, ($HP-{\beta}-CD$)] on the aqueous solubility, dissolution rate, and intestinal permeability of the tanshinone IIA (TS) was investigated. The corresponding inclusion complex of $TS-HP-{\beta}-CD$ at the molar ratio of 1:1 was obtained by coevaporation. The solubility of complexed TS in water at 37:t0.1 centi-degree was 17 times greater than that for the uncomplexed drug. The dissolution rate of TS was significantly increased by the complexation with $HP-{\beta}-CD$, due to its solubilizing activity. The everted intestinal sac technique in rats was used to study the absorption behavior studies of TS and this complexation through the intestinal tissues. The permeability rates of TS across the intestinal epithelial membrane were enhanced by the formation of inclusion complex with $HP-{\beta}-CD$ about 89, 97 and 82 times of the uncomplexed TS in duodenum, jejunum and ileum, respectively. It was revealed that the absorption rate-limiting step of TS might be the dissolution process. The present results indicated the potential use of $HP-{\beta}-CD$ to improve the gastrointestinal tract absorption of TS.
Investigation on the Absorption Kinetics of Chlorogenic Acid in Rats by HPLC
Jing Ren,Xuehua Jiang,Chenrui Li 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.7
Chlorogenic acid (ChA), a major phenolic compound in the Flos Lonicerae, is widely used in the traditional Chinese medicine practice. The purpose of this study is to report the pharmacokinetic parameters of ChA in rats after oral administration and explore its absorption profile briefly. A two-compartment model was proposed and validated through the program to explain the apparent triphasic phenomenon of ChA in rats after intragastric administration. A rapid absorption and a relatively slow distribution followed by a slower elimination phase were observed. At the administered doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg, the values of absorption halflife (t1/2 Ka) were 10.23, 18.66 and 28.13 min. The values of distribution half-life (t1/2α) were 12.35, 31.04 and 39.19 min. And the values of elimination half-life (t1/2β) were 231.64, 337.23 and 420.81 min. The volume of distribution at the three doses were 55.26, 35.56, 32.22 L/kg, respectively. The AUC0→∞ (area under the concentration–time curve) was not proportional to the administered dose. In the range of the doses examined, the absorption pharmacokinetics of ChA in rats was based on nonlinear kinetics.
Investigation on the Absorption Kinetics of Chlorogenic Acid in Rats by HPLC
Ren, Jing,Li, Chenrui,Jiang, Xeuhua 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.7
Chlorogenic acid (ChA), a major phenolic compound in the Flos Lonicerae, is widely used in the traditional Chinese medicine practice. The purpose of this study is to report the pharmacokinetic parameters of ChA in rats after oral administration and explore its absorption profile briefly. A two-compartment model was proposed and validated through the program to explain the apparent triphasic phenomenon of ChA in rats after intragastric administration. A rapid absorption and a relatively slow distribution followed by a slower elimination phase were observed. At the administered doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg, the values of absorption half-life ($t_{1/2{Ka}}$)were 10.23, 18.66 and 28.13 min. The values of distribution half-life ($t_{1/2{\alpha}}$) were 12.35, 31.04 and 39.19 min. And the values of elimination half-life ($t_{1/2{\beta}}$) were 231.64, 337.23 and 420.81 min. The volume of distribution at the three doses were 55.26, 35.56, 32.22 L/kg, respectively. The $AUC_{0{\rightarrow}{\infty}}$ (area under the concentration-time curve) was not proportional to the administered dose. In the range of the doses examined, the absorption pharmacokinetics of ChA in rats was based on nonlinear kinetics.
Wang Ling,Jiang Xuehua,Li Chenrui,Ren Jing 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.8
In this paper, the effect of the chemically modified cyclodextrin [namely, 2-hydroxypropyl-β- cyclodextrin, (HP-β-CD)] on the aqueous solubility, dissolution rate, and intestinal permeability of the tanshinone IIA (TS) was investigated. The corresponding inclusion complex of TS-HP-β- CD at the molar ratio of 1:1 was obtained by coevaporation. The solubility of complexed TS in water at 37±0.1 centi-degree was 17 times greater than that for the uncomplexed drug. The dissolution rate of TS was significantly increased by the complexation with HP-β-CD, due to its solubilizing activity. The everted intestinal sac technique in rats was used to study the absorption behavior studies of TS and this complexation through the intestinal tissues. The permeability rates of TS across the intestinal epithelial membrane were enhanced by the formation of inclusion complex with HP-β-CD about 89, 97 and 82 times of the uncomplexed TS in duodenum, jejunum and ileum, respectively. It was revealed that the absorption rate-limiting step of TS might be the dissolution process. The present results indicated the potential use of HP-β- CD to improve the gastrointestinal tract absorption of TS.