토끼에서 Etofenprox와 Spinosad 합제의 국소자극성 시험

황윤환,김명석,송인배,박병권,양승호,임용현,송치용,안성한,남현수,임정교,정상일,명노일,윤효인 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2008 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.15 No.1

This study was performed to evaluation the skin and eye irritation of etofenprox 8% and spinosad 4% combination in male New Zealand White rabbits. In skin irritation test, the combination of etofenprox and spinosad did not showed any change of body weight but caused slight skin irritation with the P.I.I. (primary irritation index) value 0.25. The etofenprox and spinosad combination showed severe eye irritation 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after ocular treatment, having the A.O.I. (acute ocular irritation) value of 37.3. Therefore, these result indicated that the combination of etofenprox and spinosad might be irritant formulation on eye and skin.

Effects of algal toxin okadaic acid on the non-specific immune and antioxidant response of bay scallop (<i>Argopecten irradians</i>)

Chi, Cheng,Giri, Sib Sankar,Jun, Jin Woo,Kim, Hyoun Joong,Kim, Sang Wha,Yun, Saekil,Park, Se Chang Elsevier 2017 FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY Vol.65 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Okadaic acid (OA) is produced by dinoflagellates during harmful algal blooms and is a diarrhetic shellfish-poisoning (DSP) toxin. This toxin is particularly problematic for bivalves that are cultured for human consumption. This study aimed to reveal the effects of exposure to OA on the non-specific immune responses of bay scallop, <I>Argopecten irradians</I>. Various immunological parameters (superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lysozyme activities, and total protein level) were assessed in the hemolymph of bay scallops at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h post-exposure (hpe) to different concentrations (50, 100, and 500 nM) of OA. Moreover, the expression of immune system-related genes (<I>MnSOD</I>, <I>PrxV</I>, <I>PGRP</I>, and <I>BD</I>) was also measured. Results showed that SOD and ACP activities were decreased between 12 and 48 hpe. The ALP, lysozyme activities, and total protein levels were also modulated after exposure to different concentrations of OA. The expression of immune-system-related genes was also assessed at different time points during the exposure period. Overall, our results suggest that the exposure to OA had negative effects on the antioxidant and non-specific immune responses, and even disrupted the metabolism of bay scallops, making them more vulnerable to environmental stress-inducing agents; they provide a better understanding of the response status of bivalves against DSP toxins.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Effect of okadaic acid (OA) on the bay scallop was investigated. </LI> <LI> Cytokine responses of bay scallop were altered by OA. </LI> <LI> Immune and antioxidant responses to OA were time and concentration-dependent. </LI> </UL> </P>

Methodology for Apartment Space Arrangement Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

Cheng Yun Chi,Se Won Lee 대한건축학회 2024 Architectural research Vol.26 No.1

This study introduces a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based methodology for optimizing apartment space arrangements, addressing the limitations of human capability in evaluating all potential spatial configurations. Leveraging computational power, the methodology facilitates the autonomous exploration and evaluation of innovative layout options, considering architectural principles, legal standards, and client re-quirements. Through comprehensive simulation tests across various apartment types, the research demonstrates the DRL approachs effec-tiveness in generating efficient spatial arrangements that align with current design trends and meet predefined performance objectives. The comparative analysis of AI-generated layouts with those designed by professionals validates the methodologys applicability and potential in enhancing architectural design practices by offering novel, optimized spatial configuration solutions.

An Improved Secure Dynamic ID Based Remote User Authentication Scheme for Multi-Server Environment

Cheng-Chi Lee,Yan-Ming Lai,Chun-Ta Li 보안공학연구지원센터 2012 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.6 No.2

Immunomodulatory Effects of a Bioactive Compound Isolated from <i>Dryopteris crassirhizoma</i> on the Grass Carp <i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>

Chi, Cheng,Giri, Sib Sankar,Jun, Jin Woo,Kim, Hyoun Joong,Yun, Saekil,Kim, Sang Guen,Park, Se Chang Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 Journal of immunology research Vol.2016 No.-

<P>In the present study, we investigated effects of compound kaempferol 3-a-L-(4-O-acetyl)rhamnopyranoside-7-a-L-rhamnopyranoside (SA) isolated from<I> Dryopteris crassirhizoma</I> during immune-related gene expression in<I> Ctenopharyngodon idella</I> head kidney macrophages (CIHKM). The expression of immune-related genes (<I>IL-1β</I>,<I> TNF-α</I>,<I> MyD88</I>, and<I> Mx1</I>) were investigated using real-time PCR at 2 h, 8 h, 12 h, and 24 h after incubation with 1, 10, and 50 <I>μ</I>g mL<SUP>−1</SUP> of SA. Furthermore, fish were injected intraperitoneally with 100 <I>μ</I>L of SA, and immune parameters such as lysozyme activity, complement C3, SOD, phagocytic activity, and IgM level were examined at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after injection. The differential expression of cytokines was observed after exposure to SA.<I> IL-1β</I> genes displayed significant expression at 2 and 8 h after exposure to 1–10 <I>μ</I>g mL<SUP>−1</SUP> of SA. SA also induced gene expression of cytokines such as<I> MyD88</I>,<I> Mx1</I>, and<I> TNF-α</I>. Furthermore, enhanced immune parameters in grass carp confirmed the immunomodulatory activity of SA. Interestingly, this compound has no toxic effect on CIHKM cells as tested by MTT assay. In addition, fish immunised with 10 <I>μ</I>g mL<SUP>−1</SUP> of SA exhibited maximum resistance against<I> Aeromonas hydrophila</I> infection. These results suggest that SA has the potential to stimulate immune responses in grass carp. </P>

Dynamic System Identification Using a Recurrent Compensatory Fuzzy Neural Network

Chi-Yung Lee,Cheng-Jian Lin,Cheng-Hung Chen,Chun-Lung Chang 대한전기학회 2008 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.6 No.5

This study presents a recurrent compensatory fuzzy neural network (RCFNN) for dynamic system identification. The proposed RCFNN uses a compensatory fuzzy reasoning method, and has feedback connections added to the rule layer of the RCFNN. The compensatory fuzzy reasoning method can make the fuzzy logic system more effective, and the additional feedback connections can solve temporal problems as well. Moreover, an online learning algorithm is demonstrated to automatically construct the RCFNN. The RCFNN initially contains no rules. The rules are created and adapted as online learning proceeds via simultaneous structure and parameter learning. Structure learning is based on the measure of degree and parameter learning is based on the gradient descent algorithm. The simulation results from identifying dynamic systems demonstrate that the convergence speed of the proposed method exceeds that of conventional methods. Moreover, the number of adjustable parameters of the proposed method is less than the other recurrent methods.

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of a relatively short spherical gas journal bearing system

Cheng-Chi Wang,Chao-Lin Kuo 대한기계학회 2010 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.24 No.8

This paper studies the nonlinear dynamic behavior and bifurcation of a rigid rotor supported by two relatively short spherical gas journal bearings. The modified Reynolds equation is solved by a hybrid numerical method combining the differential transformation method (DTM) and the finite difference method (FDM). The analytical results reveal a complex dynamic behavior comprising periodic, subharmonic and quasi-periodic responses as the rotor mass and bearing number are increased. The results obtained using the hybrid DTM&FDM scheme are found to be in good agreement with those of a hybrid scheme comprising the successive over relaxation (SOR)method and the FDM scheme. Therefore, the DTM&FDM method provides an effective means of gaining insights into the nonlinear dynamics of relatively short spherical gas rotor-bearing systems.

Management practices for promoting shared decision-making in school organization

Cheng Chi Keung 한국교육개발원 2008 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.5 No.2

This paper predicts the effect of school management practices on teacher participation in decision-making through a quasi-experiment design. The study identifies the decision domains that would provide school administrators practical steps to effectively involve teachers in decision-making under the school based management policy. 20 aided secondary schools in Hong Kong were selected by cluster sampling. 388 teachers took part in the questionnaire survey. Structural equation modelling was applied to identify the predictive relationship between the management practices and decision domains. Results show that there are predictive effects of bureaucratic control and professional autonomy in the involvement of teachers in pedagogical and managerial decision domains.

Cultivating communities of practice via Learning Study for enhancing teacher learning

Cheng Chi Keung 한국교육개발원 2009 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.6 No.1

This paper aims to explore the mechanism of Learning Study in enhancing teacher learning by adopting communities of practice as the analytical framework.Learning Study is a school improvement project which aims to improve the quality of student learning by enhancing teacher professional development through the creation of communities of practice among teachers, researchers and educators involved in the design, implementation, evaluation and dissemination of a research lesson, with the ultimate goal of developing a Learning Community in the school. Wenger’s (1998) theory of Communities of Practice, which postulates that participants have a mutual engagement for a negotiated joint enterprise and develop a shared repertoire, is adopted as the theoretical framework for exploring teacher learning and professional growth. This study adopts an ethnographic approach to investigate the social phenomena of teacher interactions in a case which is facilitated by the researcher in a Learning Study project. Results show that the collaborative features of Learning Study provide opportunities for teachers to create shared knowledge, values and beliefs. This study explores how the communities of practice set up by the Learning Study project can effectively help teachers build their pedagogical content knowledge. This paper will shed light on how Learning Study can enhance teacher professional development by creating communities of practice for knowledge sharing and reflective practices for teaching and learning.

Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Cheng, Chi-Chung,Lai, Ching-Lung MediMedia Korea 1999 JAMA-Korea Vol.14 No.4