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A New D-dimer Cutoff Value to Improve the Exclusion of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Cancer Patients
Chen, Chong,Li, Gang,Liu, Yun-De,Gu, Ya-Jun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.4
Objective: To find a more appropriate alternative to D-dimer cutoff value for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in cancer patients. Methods: A total of 711 cancer patients with symptoms suspicious of DVT were included in the study. D-dimer levels were assessed using ELISA. All patients were subjected to imaging procedures. Results: Among 711 patients with cancer, 466 (65.5%) were females and 245 (34.5%) were males, with an average age of $57.3{\pm}13.23$ years. The mean age in the DVT group was significantly higher than in the non-DVT group (P<0.05). The D-dimer levels of the DVT group were significantly higher than those of the non-DVT group (P<0.05). The incidence rate of DVT varied significantly according to cancer type (P<0.05). Increasing age and lung cancer were significantly correlated with D-dimer levels (P<0.05), and a one-year increase in age was associated with a 14.28 ng/ml increase in the D-dimer value. The optimal cutoff point for D-dimer was found to be 981 ng/ml, with a sensitivity of 86.4%, specificity of 79.4%, and accuracy of 82.6%. If the D-dimer cutoff point was set to 981ng/ml, the specificity would increase from 61.8% to 85.5% without loss of sensitivity in patients aged 40 years or younger. In patients aged more than 40 years, the new cutoff almost doubled the specificity with slightly reduced sensitivity. Conclusion: In cancer patients, a new cutoff value of 981 ng/ml effectively improved the exclusion of DVT, especially for patients aged more than 40 years.
Chen, Chong,Ali, Ghafar,Yoo, Seung Hwa,Kum, Jong Min,Cho, Sung Oh Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.21 No.41
<P>A thin layer of CuInS<SUB>2</SUB> and CdS quantum dots (QDs) is deposited on TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanotube arrays (TNTs) to form CdS/CuInS<SUB>2</SUB>/TNTs photoelectrodes. The CuInS<SUB>2</SUB> layer is prepared by a successive ionic layer absorption and reaction method, and the CdS QDs are deposited by a chemical bath deposition method. The CuInS<SUB>2</SUB> layer acts as both a co-sensitizer and an energy barrier layer between TNTs and CdS QDs. The deposited CuInS<SUB>2</SUB> layer significantly extends the visible-light response of CdS-sensitized TNTs into 500–700 nm wavelength range. As a consequence, the photoelectrochemical response of the CdS/CuInS<SUB>2</SUB>/TNTs electrodes is much improved compared with CdS sensitized TNTs. The CdS/CuInS<SUB>2</SUB>/TNTs electrodes exhibit a maximum power conversion efficiency of 7.3%, which is a 120% improvement compared with the highest efficiency of 3.3% for CdS/TNTs electrodes in our study. The improved efficiency is mainly due to the increased absorbance and the reduced recombination between the photoinjected electrons and the redox ions from the electrolyte, resulting from the formation of a CuInS<SUB>2</SUB> layer.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Using CuInS<SUB>2</SUB> as a co-sensitizer and an energy barrier layer to improve conversion efficiency of CdS quantum dot-sensitized TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanotube-arrays. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1jm13616j'> </P>
Chen, Chong,Xie, Yi,Ali, Ghafar,Yoo, Seung Hwa,Cho, Sung Oh IOP Pub 2011 Nanotechnology Vol.22 No.1
<P>We report that the use of a chemically deposited ZnO energy barrier between a CdS quantum dot sensitizer and TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanotubes (TNTs) can improve the efficiency of quantum dots-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs). The experimental results show that the formation of the ZnO layers over TNTs significantly improved the performances of the CdS QDSCs based on the TNTs electrodes. In particular, a maximum photoconversion efficiency of 4.6% was achieved for the CdS/ZnO/TNTs electrode under UV–visible light illumination, corresponding to an increase of 43.7% as compared to the CdS/TNTs electrode without the ZnO layers. The improved CdS QDSCs efficiency is attributed to the suppressed recombination of photoinjected electrons with redox ions from the electrolyte resulting from the ZnO energy barrier layers.</P>
Simulation of Impact Toughness with the Effect of Temperature and Irradiation in Steels
Chenchong Wang,Jinliang Wang,Yuhao Li,Chi Zhang,Wei Xu 한국원자력학회 2019 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.51 No.1
One of the important requirements for the application of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel is toretain proper mechanical properties in irradiation and high temperature conditions. In order to simulatethe impact toughness with the effect of temperature and irradiation, a simulation model based on energybalance method consisted of crack initiation, plastic propagation and cleavage propagation stages wasestablished. The effect of temperature on impact toughness was analyzed by the model and the trend ofthe simulation results was basicly consistent with the previous experimental results of CLAM steels. Theload-displacement curve was simulated to express the low temperature ductile-brittle transition. Theeffect of grain size and inclusion was analyzed by the model, which was consistent with classicalexperiment results. The transgranular-intergranular transformation in brittle materials was alsosimulated.
Multiscale Simulation of Yield Strength in Reduced-Activation Ferritic/Martensitic Steel
Chenchong Wan,Chi Zhang,Zhigang Yang,Jijun Zhao 한국원자력학회 2017 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.49 No.3
One of the important requirements for the application of reduced-activation ferritic/ martensitic (RAFM) steel is to retain proper mechanical properties under irradiation and high-temperature conditions. To simulate the yield strength and stress-strain curve of steels during high-temperature and irradiation conditions, a multiscale simulation method consisting of both microstructure and strengthening simulations was established. The simulation results of microstructure parameters were added to a superposition strengthening model, which consisted of constitutive models of different strengthening methods. Based on the simulation results, the strength contribution for different strengthening methods at both room temperature and high-temperature conditions was analyzed. The simulation results of the yield strength in irradiation and high-temperature conditions were mainly consistent with the experimental results. The optimal application field of this multiscale model was 9Cr series (7-9 wt.%Cr) RAFM steels in a condition characterized by 0.1-5 dpa (or 0 dpa) and a temperature range of 25-500℃.
Wang, Chenchong,Shen, Chunguang,Huo, Xiaojie,Zhang, Chi,Xu, Wei Korean Nuclear Society 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.5
In order to make reasonable design for the improvement of comprehensive mechanical properties of RAFM steels, the design system with both machine learning and high-throughput optimization algorithm was established. As the basis of the design system, a dataset of RAFM steels was compiled from previous literatures. Then, feature engineering guided random forests regressors were trained by the dataset and NSGA II algorithm were used for the selection of the optimal solutions from the large-scale solution set with nine composition features and two treatment processing features. The selected optimal solutions by this design system showed prospective mechanical properties, which was also consistent with the physical metallurgy theory. This efficiency design mode could give the enlightenment for the design of other metal structural materials with the requirement of multi-properties.
Sinan Zhu,Chi Zhang,Zhigang Yang,Chenchong Wang 한국원자력학회 2017 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.49 No.8
Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels are widely applied as structural materials in thenuclear industry. To investigate hydrogen's effect on RAFM steels' elastic properties and the mechanismof that effect, a procedure of first principles simulation combined with experiment was designed. Densityfunctional theory models were established to simulate RAFM steels' elastic status before and after hydrogen'sinsertion. Also, experiment was designed to measure the Young's modulus of RAFM steelsamples with and without hydrogen charging. Both simulation and experiment showed that the solubilityof hydrogen in RAFM steels would decrease the Young's modulus. The effect of hydrogen on RAFMsteels' Young's modulus was more significant in water-quenched steels than it was in tempering steels. This indicated that defects inside martensite, considered to be hydrogen traps, could decrease thecohesive energy of the matrix and lead to a decrease of the Young's modulus after hydrogen insertion.