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Chee-Hong Law,Chee-Lip Tee,Lau, Wei-Theng 한국국제경제학회 2019 International Economic Journal Vol.33 No.2
This paper investigates the short-run and long-run effects of financial integration on the dynamics between monetary independence and foreign exchange reserves using a GMM system estimation involving two-year non-overlapping average data (2000-2011) from 114 countries. The results indicate that the effect of foreign exchange reserves on the monetary independence is intensified by the level of financial integration. This suggests a positive spill over effect from the financial integration to the monetary policy independence. Besides, a positive implication of financial integration on monetary independence could be established when the foreign exchange reserves is at the maximum level. In addition, the comparisons between the mean of foreign exchange reserves and the threshold levels of foreign exchange reserves that neutralise the impact of financial integration indicate that on average, the foreign exchange reserves are sufficient to offset the effect of financial integration. A stable exchange rate will undermine the positive impact of foreign exchange reserves on monetary independence. Finally, the long-run and short-run impacts occur in the same direction. This paper ends with some policy implications and suggestions for future research.
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徐治均,金在福,鄭祥立 中央醫學社 1976 中央醫學 Vol.30 No.6
The purpose of this study is to discuss .various aspects of bacterial relapse in leprosy patients receiving treatment. Between 1957-1975 a total of 2910 leprosy patients were registered at The Leprosy Mission Hospital in Daegu. The authors, have analyzed the treatment of these patients and the results are as follows: 1. Of the total number of patients registered 26.9%(783 cases) were positive le lepromatous patients. Among these promatous patients ls6 case consorted to bacteriologically negative after therapy. 2. Of the 186 converted cases, 66% had converted after five years while an. 83 %o conversion rate was reported after 6 years. 3. Among, the total number of patients analyzed, bacterial relapse was reported in 31 cases, 23 of these being promatous patients. 4. After converting from positive to negative, 17. of.~-the above' mentioned 23 promatous cases reconverted back to positive(9.1%). Most re conversions of this nature were found to occur within the first three years after becoming negative. 5. The most common symptoms of the relapse cases were neuritis and neural gia, while cutaneous manifestations were also reported. 6. T he most of bacterial relapse. cases the bacterial indeces ranged from 1. 0 to 2.9 while the morphologic indeces usually remained below 10. 7. The two most frequent causes of bacterial relapse were irregular treatment or too low a drug-regiment (16 cases). Release from control and resistance to DDS were also significant. 8. The majority of patients with bacterial relapse after release from control who had received regular treatment for 5 additional years after apparent cessation of disease activity, was of lepromatous type and relapse occurred most frequently within the first 3 years. 9 Fourteen out of the original 31 relapse patients returned to negative while 17 remained positive during receiving treatment for 5 months to 5 years.
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DDS 가 나병의 소장 및 영향에 미치는 영향에 관하여
정상립,서치균,이성일 대한피부과학회 1971 대한피부과학회지 Vol.9 No.3
The authors investigated serial changes of bacillary and granularity indices from 49 previously non-treated lepromatous leprosy patients under DDS therapy during 24 month period, and the following results were obtained. 1) Pretreatment bacillary index was highest on eye brows, and chins, ear lobes, arms, legs, backs in decreasing order. The proportion of fall of B.I. during therapy showed similar tendencies in each site of smears, the average decrease being 1. 2 in the first year and 0. 8 in the second year. 2) The average granularity index before therapy was 2. 5, the rise of G.I. was rapid during first 12 months, slower during next 6 months, and no significant changes were seen during last 6 months. 3) The changes of G.I. were faster and more sensitive to therapy than that of B.I. Therefore, it. seems more valuable assesing the response of therapy, drug resistance, prognosis, etc. 4) 300 mg of DDS per week appears to be sufficient for maintaining the therapeutic dosage.
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