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- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Chaturvedi, (검색결과 102 건)
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Chaturvedi, Sudhir Kumar,Yang, Chan-Su,Song, Jung-Hwan,Ouchi, Kazuo,Shanmugam, P. The Korean Society of Remote Sensing 2011 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.27 No.3
The purpose of this study is to estimate the spherical wave parameters that appears in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image acquired over the coast of Chukk, Micronesia. The retrieval of ocean wave parameters consists of two main stages: the first is to determine the dominant wavelengths by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) over 16 sub-image areas and the second is to estimate wave slopes and heights using dispersion relationship under various water wave conditions. It is assumed that the spherical waves are linear and progressive. These type of waves have the range and azimuth components traveling in radial directions. The azimuth travelling waves are more affected by the velocity bunching mechanism and it is difficult to estimate the wave parameters for these affected areas in SAR imagery. In order to compensate these effects, the velocity bunching ratio (VBR) based on modulation transfer function (MTF) was compared with the intensity ratio for neighbor area in the radial direction in order to assign the spherical wave properties for azimuthally travelling waves. Dispersion relation provides the good estimates for the wave heights for all the selected sub-image areas in the range of 1m to 2m. VBR based on MTF was found to be 0.78 at wave height of 1.36m, while the intensity-based VBR was 0.69 which corresponds to the height of 1.75m. It can be said that the velocity bunching accounts for azimuthally travelling spherical waves and the difference results from the sea-bottom effects.
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Chaturvedi, Vaibhav,Kim, Son H. Elsevier 2015 Energy Policy Vol.81 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>With high reliance on light-duty vehicles in the present, the future of global transportation system is also geared towards private modes, which has significant energy and emission implications. Public transportation has been argued as an alternative strategy for meeting the rising transportation demands of the growing world, especially the poor, in a sustainable and energy efficient way. The present study analyzes an important yet under-researched question – what are the long-term energy and emission implications of an electric rail based passenger transportation system for meeting both long and short distance passenter transportation needs? We analyze a suite of electric rail share scenarios with and without climate policy. In the reference scenario, the transportation system will evolve towards dominance of fossil based light-duty vehicles. We find that an electric rail policy is more successful than an economy wide climate policy in reducing transport sector energy demand and emissions. Economy wide emissions however can only be reduced through a broader climate policy, the cost of which can be reduced by hundreds of billions of dollars across the century when implemented in combination with the transport sector focused electric rail policy. Moreover, higher share of electric rail enhances energy security for oil importing nations and reduces vehicular congestion and road infrastructure requirement as well.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Economy wide carbon price policy will have little impact on transportation emissions. </LI> <LI> Focused energy and emission mitigation policies required for transportation sector. </LI> <LI> Large global shift towards electric rail based public transport is one possible option. </LI> <LI> Transport sector focused policy will have marginal impact on total global emissions. </LI> <LI> A combined transport sector and economy wide policy can reduce costs significantly. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Chaturvedi, O.H.,Walli, T.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.8
Fifteen lactating crossbred cows were randomly allotted to three groups of 5 each, and fed three isoproteinous concentrate mixture varying in RDP and UDP ratios, viz. 71: 29 (T1) and 58: 42 (T2) and 44: 56 (T3), along with green maize and wheat straw given as 2/3 and 1/3 of total roughage respectively, for a period of 120 days. The DM intake (kg/d) differed significantly (p<0.01) among the treatments as well as among the fortnights over a period of 120 days. DMI (kg/d) progressively increased from first to eighth fortnight in all the treatments. The daily DMI (% BW) was significantly (p<0.01) lower in T1 (2.37) than those of T2 (2.82) and T3 (2.67). The body weights of cows decreased up to 4th fortnight in T1 and up to 3rd fortnight in T2 and T3, then it showed an increasing trend till the end of the experiment in all the treatments. Cows in T1 lost 10 kg body weight but cows in T2 and T3 gained 23 and 12 kg the body weight, respectively. Both the milk and FCM yield differed significantly (p<0.01) among the fortnights. The FCM yield increased up to 2nd fortnight in all the treatments and thereafter, the FCM yield declined gradually as the lactation advanced. The FCM yield (kg/d) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T3 (10.47) than in T2 (9.81) and T1 (9.68), however, milk yield, SCM yield and milk energy yield did not differ among the treatments as well as among the fortnights. Fat and protein % in milk increased as the lactation advanced. However, fortnightly SNF % in milk showed an irregular trend. The % fat, protein, SNF and total solids in milk differed significantly (p<0.01) among the fortnights. The % fat and protein in milk varied significantly (p<0.01) among the treatments, being lowest in T1 and highest in T3. The feed efficiency for milk production showed a non-significant variation among the treatments as well as among the fortnights, but increased with the increase in UDP level. It is concluded that by increasing the UDP level from 29 to 56 per cent of CP in the diet of medium producing cows, the milk production increases and cost of milk production reduces.
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Phototoxic effects of pyropheophorbide-a from chlorophyll-a on cervical cancer cells
Chaturvedi, P.K.,Kim, Y.-W.,Kim, S.S.,Ahn, W.S. John Wiley Sons 2014 Journal of porphyrins and phthalocyanines Vol.18 No.3
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising modality in both the curative and palliative treatment against a variety of experimental and naturally occurring human cancers. At present, chlorophyll a derivatives are extensively used for the synthesis of photosensitizers (PSs) for PDT of tumors. In the present study, chlorophyll-a was extracted from the blue- green algae Spirulina platensis by refluxing with acetone. The extract was further acid treated to obtain methylpheophorbide-a (MPa), which was then refluxed in collidine and methylpyropheophorbide-a (Mppa) was obtained. After that, Mppa was converted to pyropheophorbide-a (Ppa) by treatment with 50% sulfuric acid. Finally, phototoxicity and dark toxicity of purified Ppa in two different cell lines, TC-1 and CaSki, were examined by MTT assay. The results suggest that Ppa is more toxic to TC-1 cell line than CaSki cell line. In vivo, the photosensitizing efficiency of Ppa was also higher than those of unloaded PS. These results indicate the potential of Ppa in PDT.
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Chaturvedi, Padmaja,Kwape, Tebogo Elvis KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2015 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.18 No.4
Objectives: This study was done out to evaluate the effects of Sida rhombifolia methanol extract (SRM) on diabetes in moderately diabetic (MD) and severely diabetic (SD) Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: SRM was prepared by soaking the powdered plant material in 70% methanol and rota evaporating the methanol from the extract. Effective hypoglycemic doses were established by performing oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in normal rats. Hourly effects of SRM on glucose were observed in the MD and the SD rats. Rats were grouped, five rats to a group, into normal control 1 (NC1), MD control 1 (MDC1), MD experimental 1 (MDE1), SD control 1 (SDC1), and SD experimental 1 (SDE1) groups. All rats in the control groups were administered 1 mL of distilled water (DW). The rats in the MDE1 and the SDE1 groups were administered SRM orally at 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight (BW), respectively, dissolved in 1 mL of DW. Blood was collected initially and at intervals of 1 hour for 6 hours to measure blood glucose. A similar experimental design was followed for the 30-day long-term trial. Finally, rats were sacrificed, and blood was collected to measure blood glucose, lipid profiles, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Results: OGTTs indicated that two doses (200 and 300 mg/kg BW) were effective hypoglycemic doses in normal rats. Both doses reduced glucose levels after 1 hour in the MDE1 and the SDE1 groups. A long-term trial of SRM in the MD group showed a reduced glucose level, a normal lipid profile, and normal GSH and TBARS levels. In SD rats, SRM had no statistically significant effects on these parameters. Normal weight was achieved in the MD rats, but the SD rats showed reduced BW. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that SRM has potential to alleviate the conditions of moderate diabetic, but not severe diabetes.
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Chaturvedi, O.H.,Bhatta, Raghavendra,Santra, A.,Mishra, A.S.,Mann, J.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.7
Malpura and Kheri ewes (76) in their late gestation, weighing $34.40{\pm}0.95kg$ were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups of 19 each (G1, G2, G3 and G4). Ewes in all the groups were grazed on natural rangeland from 07.00 h to 18.00 h. Ewes in G1were maintained on sole grazing while ewes in G2, G3 and G4, in addition to grazing received concentrate mixture at the rate of 1% of their body weight during late gestation, early lactation and entire last quarter of pregnancy to early quarter of lactation, respectively. The herbage yield of the community rangeland was 0.82 metric ton dry matter/hectare. The diet consisted of (%) Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) bhusa, (59.2), Babool pods and leaves (17.2), Bajra (Pennisetum typhoides) stubbles (8.8), Doob (5.3), Aak (4.2) and others (5.3). The nutrient intake and its digestibility were higher (p<0.01) in G2, G3 and G4 as compared to G1 because of concentrate supplementation. The intakes of DM ($g/kg\;W{^0.75}$), DCP ($g/kg\;W{^0.75}$) and ME ($MJ/kg\;W{^0.75}$) were 56.7, 5.3 and 0.83; 82.7, 12.2 and 1.16; 82.7, 12.1 and 1.17 and 83.1, 12.3 and 1.18 in G1, G2, G3 and G4, respectively. The per cent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF and cellulose was 57.9, 68.8, 68.7, 52.3, 37.5 and 68.4; 67.6, 76.1, 82.3, 60.6, 44.5 and 73.4; 67.6, 76.1, 81.5, 60.6, 44.8 and 74.5 and 67.6, 76.1, 82.3, 60.6, 44.7 and 73.3 in G1, G2, G3 and G4, respectively. The nutrient intake of G2, G3 and G4 ewes was sufficient to meet their requirements. The ewes raised on sole grazing lost weight at lambing in comparison to advanced pregnancy. However, ewes raised on supplementary feeding gained 1.9-2.5 kg at lambing. The birth weight of lambs in G2 (3.92) and G4 (4.07) was higher (p<0.01) than G1 (2.98), where as in G1 and G3 it was similar. The weight of lambs at 15, 45 and 60 days of age were higher in G2, G3 and G4 than in G1. Similarly, the average daily gain (ADG) after 60 days was also higher in G2, G3 and G4 than in G1. The milk-yield of lactating ewes in G2, G3 and G4 increased up to 150-250 g per day in comparison to G1. The birth weight, weight at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, weight gain and ADG at 30 or 60 days was similar both in male and female lambs. It is concluded from this study that the biomass yield of the community rangeland is low and insufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of ewes during late gestation and early lactation. Therefore, it is recommended concentrate supplementation at the rate of 1% of body weight to ewes during these critical stages to enhance their production performance, general condition as well as birth weight and growth rate of lambs.
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Ship Recognition by Integration of SAR and AIS
Chaturvedi, Sudhir Kumar,Yang, Chan-Su,Ouchi, Kazuo,Shanmugam, Palanisamy Cambridge University Press 2012 The Journal of navigation Vol.65 No.2
<P>A novel design of an integrated system using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image and Automatic Identification System (AIS) data is proposed in this paper for the purpose of identifying ships at sea. TerraSAR-X® (SpotLight mode) images and AIS data collected over Incheon Port (Korea) and Tokyo Bay (Japan) were used on different dates. Four main steps for integration of SAR and AIS based ships can be identified, namely: ‘Time Matching’ to retrieve the respective Dead Reckoning (DR) position of the ships at SAR image acquisition times; ‘Position Matching’ based on a nearest neighbourhood re-sampling method with compensation of position shift; ‘Size Matching’ and ‘Speed Matching’. Under each of the matching criteria, the measurement error in each of the matching criteria was found to be less than 20% and the SAR extracted ship's hull boundaries were presented on a screen to display the system results. The results of this study will contribute to the design a Near-Real-Time (NRT) operational system for ship detection, identification, and classification by SARs in different data acquisition modes over various geographical locations at different acquisition times. This novel integrated system design will provide a most important preliminary step towards integration based on ships' hull monitoring in order to recognize ‘friend’ and ‘foe’ ship targets over a huge oceanic region and would be useful for coast guards as an early warning system.</P>
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