The complete mitochondrial genome of a threatened loach (Sinibotia reevesae) and its phylogeny

Yuan‑Chao Zou,Bi‑Wen Xie,Chuan‑Jie Qin,Yong‑Ming Wang,Deng‑Yue Yuan,Rui Li,Zheng‑Yong Wen 한국유전학회 2017 Genes & Genomics Vol.39 No.7

In present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Sinibotia reevesae was first sequenced using the next-generation sequencing technology and annotated using bioinformatic tools. The circular mitochondrial genome was 16,572 bp in length, and contained 13 proteincoding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 1 displacement loop locus. It presents a typical gene organization and order for completely sequenced cypriniformes mitogenomes. The control region could be divided into three parts included the extended termination associated sequence domain, the central conserved domain and the conserved sequence block. Interestingly, two stemloop domains were found in control region and OL region, respectively. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses using concatenated amino acid and nucleotide sequences of the 13 protein-coding genes with two different methods (Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis) both highly supported the close relationship of S. reevesae and Sinibotia superciliaris, which was in line with the previous classifications based on morphological and molecular studies. These data provide useful information for a better understanding of the mitogenomic diversities and evolution in fish as well as novel genetic markers for studying population genetics and species identification.

A Three Degree of Freedom Force/Torque Sensor to Measure Foot Forces

Chao Yuan,Weijun Wang,Changsoo Han,Hyeunseok Choi 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

Wearable sensors are attracting wide interests. This paper describes design of a new high strength device that is capable of support the whole weight of human or the humanoid robots when the subjects are standing or walking. This device was modeled via the application of flexure cantilever in parallel configuration to support the large force and implement the measurement. It has three degrees of freedom τx, τy and fz which are conventionally used to validate the ground reaction force (GRF) and center of pressure (CoP) and control the humanoid robots. Furthermore, the dimension of the sensor in vertical direction is as small as 10 mm which makes it convenient to be attached to the shoes or humanoid robot foot. All these contents are contained in this paper. Firstly, the sensing principle and the structure design of this sensor are described. Next, after analyzing the structure, simulation of usual force applying cases is presented. Subsequently, acquisition system for the sensor is described. Finally, the original design of the sensor system to measure foot forces using two this sensor is mentioned.

Case Study on Rock Support Technology for Roadways Based on Characteristics of Plastic Area

Chao Yuan,Liming Cao,Wenjun Wang,Lei Fan,Cong Huang 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.25 No.2

Rocks surrounding deep, high-stress roadways typically undergo a vicious cycle of destruction → repair → re-destruction → re-repair over a long time. This article uses the roadway restoration project of Pingmei Mine No. 6 (400 m underground) as research object. Starting from the plastic area, the characteristics of the distribution of rock surrounding the circular roadway are analyzed, and the influence of the side pressure coefficient, cohesive force, inside friction angle, support strength, and roadway radius on the plastic area is studied. Four types of distribution patterns were observed in rocks surrounding the plastic area of the roadway: round, oval, rounded rectangle, and butterfly. The side pressure coefficient, cohesive force, and inside friction angle affected the distribution and range of rocks surrounding the plastic area of the roadway. The support radius of the roadway and the support strength of its face did not change the distribution of the plastic area, but only affected its size. Therefore, to maintain the long-term stability of weak and broken roadways, the strength of the surrounding rocks must be increased, and roadway renovation should be avoided as it affects the distribution of the plastic area and reduces its scope. Engineering practice has shown that the “anchor net spray + hollow grouting anchor cable” technology for the combined, step-by-step repair and support of roadways, with a hollow grouting anchor cable as core, can suppress the distribution and scope of the plastic area to guarantee safe and long-term use of the roadway.

3D Printed Active Origami with Complicated Folding Patterns

Chao Yuan,H. Jerry Qi,Tiejun Wang,Martin L. Dunn 한국정밀공학회 2017 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.4 No.3

3D printed active composites (PACs) are a new concept in active composite design and manufacturing where one or several active materials are used as fiber materials to create active shape changing composites that are determined by the design of fibers. Recent advances in multi-material 3D printing have enabled the rapid realization of these designs, many of which would not be possible without 3D printing. In addition, the integration of active materials with 3D printing also permits the novel concept of 4D printing, where the shape of an object can change after 3D printing. In the past, using printed active composites to create origami structures was demonstrated but was limited to simple folding patterns. In this paper, we study the relationship among folding angle, fiber orientation, and applied load during programming, in order to find the optimized fiber arrangement and loading directions for complicated folding patterns. Both experiments and finite element1 simulations were performed to optimize the fiber orientations in PAC in order to achieve the desired shape change, and good agreement was achieved. FEA was then used to help the design for some complicated, self-folding, active origami structures-including a miura-ori pattern, a table, a sailboat and a crane—in which the folding occurs in different directions. The successful implementation of these complicated patterns demonstrates the capability of using printed active composites for very complicated self-folding origami designs.

Effective inter-residue contact definitions for accurate protein fold recognition

Yuan, Chao,Chen, Hao,Kihara, Daisuke BioMed Central 2012 BMC bioinformatics Vol.13 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Effective encoding of residue contact information is crucial for protein structure prediction since it has a unique role to capture long-range residue interactions compared to other commonly used scoring terms. The residue contact information can be incorporated in structure prediction in several different ways: It can be incorporated as statistical potentials or it can be also used as constraints in ab initio structure prediction. To seek the most effective definition of residue contacts for template-based protein structure prediction, we evaluated 45 different contact definitions, varying bases of contacts and distance cutoffs, in terms of their ability to identify proteins of the same fold.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>We found that overall the residue contact pattern can distinguish protein folds best when contacts are defined for residue pairs whose Cβ atoms are at 7.0 Å or closer to each other. Lower fold recognition accuracy was observed when inaccurate threading alignments were used to identify common residue contacts between protein pairs. In the case of threading, alignment accuracy strongly influences the fraction of common contacts identified among proteins of the same fold, which eventually affects the fold recognition accuracy. The largest deterioration of the fold recognition was observed for β-class proteins when the threading methods were used because the average alignment accuracy was worst for this fold class. When results of fold recognition were examined for individual proteins, we found that the effective contact definition depends on the fold of the proteins. A larger distance cutoff is often advantageous for capturing spatial arrangement of the secondary structures which are not physically in contact. For capturing contacts between neighboring β strands, considering the distance between Cα atoms is better than the Cβ−based distance because the side-chain of interacting residues on β strands sometimes point to opposite directions.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Residue contacts defined by Cβ−Cβ distance of 7.0 Å work best overall among tested to identify proteins of the same fold. We also found that effective contact definitions differ from fold to fold, suggesting that using different residue contact definition specific for each template will lead to improvement of the performance of threading.</P>

Modeling and Analysis of Drift Error from Stator of A MSSG with Double Spherical Envelope Surfaces

Chao-Jun Xin,Yuan-Wen Cai,Yuan Ren,Ya-Hong Fan 대한전기학회 2016 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.11 No.5

For the newly developing magnetically suspended sensitive gyroscope (MSSG) with double spherical envelope surfaces, it is necessary to analyze the causes of drift error to improve sensing accuracy. This paper builds the models of disturbing torques generated by stator assembly and process errors based on the geometric construction and running regularity of the MSSG, and further reveals the generation mechanism of the drift error. Then the drift error from a single stator magnetic pole is calculated quantitatively with the established model, and the key factors producing the drift error are further discussed. It is proposed that the main approaches in reducing the drift error from stator are guaranteeing the rotor envelope surface to be an ideal spherical and improving the controlling precision of rotor displacement. The common problems associated in a gyroscope with a spherical rotor can be effectively resolved by the proposed method. This analysis provides a reference for the structure optimization and error compensation of a MSSG.

Compensation On-line of Errors Caused by Rotor Centrifugal Deformation for a Magnetically Suspended Sensitive Gyroscope

Chao-Jun Xin,Yuan-Wen Cai,Yuan Ren,Ya-Hong Fan 대한전기학회 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.2

The aim of this paper is to design a centrifugal deformation error compensation method with guaranteed performance that allows angular velocity measurement of the magnetically suspended sensitive gyroscopes (MSSGs). The angular velocity measurement principle and the structure of the MSSG are described, and the analytical model of errors caused by MSSG rotor centrifugal deformation is established. Then, an on-line rotor centrifugal deformation error compensation method based on measurement of rotor spinning speed in real-time has been designed. The common issues caused by centrifugal deformation of spinning rotors can be effectively resolved by the proposed method. Comparative experimental results before and after compensation demonstrate the validity and superiority of the error compensation method.

Design and Evaluation of a Three-axis Force/Torque Sensor for Humanoid Robot Balance Control

Chao Yuan,Rui-Jun Yan,Jing Wu,Sang Ho Kim,Kyoo-Sik Shin,Chang-Soo Han 제어로봇시스템학회 2014 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

For decades, popular culture has been enthralled with the possibility of robots that act and look like human. Walking, as one of the most important features of human, needs to be well implemented by humanoid robots. In order to perform stable robot gait, it is necessary to control the position of the Zero Moment Point (ZMP) of the robot. To calculate the ZMP, forces and moments under robot feet are important information to use. Thus, in this paper, we describe the development of a three-axis force/torque sensor to measure forces under robot feet in walking movement. The key point of this sensor is that it is very thin and light so as to not disturb the robots’ gait. It also has sufficient stiffness to support heavy load. The simple structure and low cost of this sensor are also attractive points. Finite element analysis results of the sensor revealed that it is adequate to be used under robot feet.

Ferromagnetic CoPt₃ Nanowires : Structural Evolution from fcc to Ordered L1₂

Chao-Yuan Huang,Hao Ming Chen,Chia Fen Hsin,Po Yuan Chen,Ru-Shi Liu,Shu-Fen Hu,Jyh-Fu Lee,Ling-Yun Jang 한국자기학회 2010 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.2010 No.12

An Accurate Model of Multi-Type Overcurrent Protective Devices Using Eigensystem Realization Algorithm and Practice Applications

Chao-Yuan Cheng,Feng-Jih Wu 대한전기학회 2016 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.11 No.1

Accurate models of the characteristics of typical inverse-time overcurrent (OC) protective devices play an important role in the protective coordination schemes. This paper presents a novel approach to determine the OC protective device parameters. The approach is based on the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm which generates a state space model to fit the characteristics of OC protective devices. Instead of the conventional characteristic curves, the dynamic state space model gives a more exact fit of the OC protective device characteristics. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of decomposing the characteristic curve into smooth components and oscillation components. 19 characteristic curves from 13 typical and 6 non-typical OC protective devices are chosen for curvefitting. The numbers of fitting components required are determined by the maximum absolute values of errors for the fitted equation. All fitted equations are replaced by a versatile equation for the characteristics of OC protective devices which represents the characteristic model of a novel flexible OC relay, which in turn may be applied to improve the OC coordination problems in the subtransmission and distribution systems.