Effects of Long-Term Fertilizer Practices on Rhizosphere Soil Autotrophic CO₂-Fixing Bacteria under Double Rice Ecosystem in Southern China

( Haiming Tang ),( Li Wen ),( Lihong Shi ),( Chao Li ),( Kaikai Cheng ),( Weiyan Li ),( Xiaoping Xiao ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2022 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.32 No.10

Soil autotrophic bacterial communities play a significant role in the soil carbon (C) cycle in paddy fields, but little is known about how rhizosphere soil microorganisms respond to different long-term (35 years) fertilization practices under double rice cropping ecosystems in southern China. Here, we investigated the variation characteristics of rhizosphere soil RubisCO gene cbbL in the double rice ecosystems of in southern China where such fertilization practices are used. For this experiment we set up the following fertilizer regime: without any fertilizer input as a control (CK), inorganic fertilizer (MF), straw returning (RF), and organic and inorganic fertilizer (OM). We found that abundances of cbbL, 16S rRNA genes and RubisCO activity in rhizosphere soil with OM, RF and MF treatments were significantly higher than that of CK treatment. The abundances of cbbL and 16S rRNA genes in rhizosphere soil with OM treatment were 5.46 and 3.64 times higher than that of CK treatment, respectively. Rhizosphere soil RubisCO activity with OM and RF treatments increased by 50.56 and 45.22%, compared to CK treatment. Shannon and Chao1 indices for rhizosphere soil cbbL libraries with RF and OM treatments increased by 44.28, 28.56, 29.60, and 23.13% compared to CK treatment. Rhizosphere soil cbbL sequences with MF, RF and OM treatments mainly belonged to Variovorax paradoxus, uncultured proteobacterium, Ralstonia pickettii, Thermononospora curvata, and Azoarcus sp.KH33C. Meanwhile, cbbL-carrying bacterial composition was obviously influenced by soil bulk density, rhizosphere soil dissolved organic C, soil organic C, and microbial biomass C contents. Fertilizer practices were the principal factor influencing rhizosphere soil cbbL-carrying bacterial communities. These results showed that rhizosphere soil autotrophic bacterial communities were significantly changed under conditions of different long-term fertilization practices Therefore, increasing rhizosphere soil autotrophic bacteria community with crop residue and organic manure practices was found to be beneficial for management of double rice ecosystems in southern China.

Chaotic dynamic characteristics of pressure fluctuation signals in hydro-turbine

Wen-Tao Su,Xiao-Bin Li,Chao-Feng Lan,Shi An,Jiansheng Wang,Feng-Chen Li 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.11

The pressure fluctuation characteristics in a Francis hydro-turbine running at partial flow conditions were studied based on the chaotic dynamic methods. Firstly, the experimental data of pressure fluctuations in the draft tube at various flow conditions was de-noised using lifting wavelet transformation, then, for the de-noised signals, their spectrum distribution on the frequency domain, the energy variation and the energy partition accounting for the total energy was calculated. Hereby, for the flow conditions ranging from no cavitation to severe cavitation, the chaos dynamic features of fluctuation signals were analyzed, including the temporal-frequency distribution, phase trajectory, Lyapunov exponent and Poincaré map etc. It is revealed that, the main energy of pressure fluctuations in the draft tube locates at low-frequency region. As the cavitation grows, the amplitude of power spectrum at frequency domain becomes larger. For all the flow conditions, all the maximal Lyapunov exponents are larger than zero, and they increase with the cavitation level. Therefore, it is believed that there indeed exist the chaotic attractors in the pressure fluctuation signals for a hydro-turbine.

Biometry of width between labial transitional line angles in anterior teeth: an observational study

Chao Wen,Hongqiang Ye,Hu Chen,Yongsheng Zhou,Mingming Huang,Yuchun Sun 대한치과보철학회 2022 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.14 No.1

PURPOSE. The maximum width between the mesial and distal labial transitional line angles, described as “esthetic width” herein, could significantly influence the visual perception of the teeth and smile. This study aimed to conduct biometric research on esthetic width and to explore whether regular distribution exists in the esthetic width of human teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 4,264 maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were measured using the Geomagic studio software program. The proportions of maxillary to mandibular homonymous teeth and proportions between the adjacent teeth were calculated. Bilateral symmetry and the correlation between the esthetic and mesiodistal widths were both accounted for during the measurement procedures. RESULTS. The mean esthetic widths were 6.773 ± 0.518 mm and 4.329 ± 0.331 mm for maxillary and mandibular central incisors, respectively, 5.451 ± 0.487 mm and 5.008 ± 0.351 mm for maxillary and mandibular lateral incisors, respectively, and 3.340 ± 0.353 mm and 5.958 ± 0.415 mm for maxillary and mandibular canines, respectively. Except for the mandibular canines, no significant difference in esthetic width was found among homonymous teeth from the same jaw. A high linear correlation was found between the esthetic and mesiodistal widths of the same tooth, except for the maxillary canines. Esthetic width proportions among different tooth categories showed some regular patterns, which were similar to those of the mesiodistal width. CONCLUSION. Esthetic width is regularly distributed among the teeth in the Chinese population. This could provide an important reference for anterior dental restorations and dimension recovery in esthetic reconstruction of anterior teeth.

High Frequency Magneto-electric Properties of Composite Material Made of Soft Magnetic Ferrites and Hard Magnetic NdFeB

Chao-Ming Fu,Ming-Feng Kuo,Chao-Wen Cheng,Pao-Hua Chou,Menq-Jium Wu 한국자기학회 2007 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.- No.-

A Stochastic Frontier Analysis of Trade Efficiency for the Sino-Korea Trade

Wen-Chao Gong,Kanyong Li,Wen-Xia Wang 한국무역학회 2022 Journal of Korea trade Vol.26 No.1

Purpose – This paper intends to make theoretical analysis and empirical test on the factors influencing China's export to South Korea, and draw conclusions about China's export efficiency and trade potential. Based on the conclusions, the reasons for China's trade deficit with South Korea are found, and a solution is put forward for solving the problem of China's trade deficit with South Korea. Design/methodology – Based on the data of 2004-2017 years in China, this paper uses the stochastic frontier gravity model to analyze the influencing factors of China's export to South Korea, as well as the export efficiency of each province and the export potential that can be explored. Findings – First, in terms of the factors affecting China's export trade to South Korea, the GDP of the provinces and cities in China, the FDI of South Korea to the provinces and cities in China, the GDP of South Korea, the population and education level of provinces and cities in China can significantly promote the export scale of Chinese provinces and cities to South Korea. The distance between Chinese provincial capitals and the South Korean capital significantly hinders Chinese exports to South Korea; Second, in terms of export trade efficiency, the trade exchange rate of the economically developed cities along the eastern coast of China and several provinces that are close to South Korea is higher than that of the cities in the central and western regions; Third, economic globalization makes trade more convenient, the average export trade efficiency of China's exports to South Korea showed an upward trend. However, under the influence of the 2008 global financial crisis, the export trade efficiency declined from 2008 to 2009, indicating that the impact of the financial crisis on the trade efficiency cannot be ignored. Originality/value – This paper finds out the influencing factors of China's export to South Korea, analyzes the export efficiency of different provinces and cities, excavates the export potential, and puts forward some suggestions for the balanced development of China and South Korea trade in the next step.

Red Bean Extract Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Wen-Wan Chao,Yun-Chin Chung,I-Ping Shih,Hsun-Yen Wang,Su-Tze Chou,Cheng-Kuang Hsu 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.7

Red bean (Phaseolus radiatus L. var. Aurea) is a leguminous seed and mainly used as one of the popular ingredients in oriental desserts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of 50 g/kg ethanolic extract of red bean (RBE) by measuring lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expressions of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. On the other hand, the antioxidant activity of RBE was determined by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method and comet assay using H2O2-induced macrophages. The results showed that RBE at the concentrations of 50–200 μg/mL can significantly suppress the inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated macrophages through the reduction of cellular NO and downregulation of the gene expressions of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, RBE can diminish H2O2-induced oxidative damage in RAW 264.7 macrophage. Phenolic compounds and cyanidin-3-Oglucoside from BRE may have efficacy as overall in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. Red bean exerts an antiinflammatory response and has potential as a health-promoting ingredient.

Treatment of Growth Plate Injury with Microencapsulated Chondrocytes

Wen-Chao Li,Rui-Jiang Xu,Yi-Long Xu,Jing-Xiang Huang,Yu-Hong Gao 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.4

Background: Tissue-engineered cartilage has provided a promising method in the treatment of physeal growth arrest. This study was designed to investigate transplantation of microencapsulated allogeneic chondrocytes to treat the injured growth plate. Methods: Allogeneic chondrocytes were encapsulated within alginate-polylysinealginate semipermeable membranes. Microencapsulated chondrocytes co-cultured with Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) were evaluated whether it could promote chondrogenesis of BMSCs. An experiment model of an injured growth plate was made by resecting the lateral half of the right distal femur physis in rabbits. Microencapsulated allogeneic chondrocytes, allogeneic chondrocytes as well as empty microcapsules were grafted into growth plate defects of 6-week-old rabbits. Histological and radiographic examinations were examined after transplantation up to 16 weeks. Results: The histological study showed that BMSCs co-cultured with microencapsulated chondrocytes could produce GAG and II collagen similarly with chondrocytes. Angular deformity and length discrepancy in the group with microencapsulated allogeneic chondrocytes were less than those in other groups (p < 0.001). The histological study confirmed the viability of microencapsulated chondrocytes at 16 weeks postoperatively. The neogenetic chondrocytes of columnar arrangement have been found in the growth plate defect to prevent early ossification and closure of the growth plate. Conclusions: The histological study confirmed the viability of microencapsulated chondrocytes at 16 weeks postoperatively. The neogenetic chondrocytes of columnar arrangement have been found in the growth plate defect to prevent early ossification and closure of the growth plate.

A Difference Expansion Based Reversible Data Hiding Algorithm Using Edge-Oriented Prediction

Wen-Chao Yang,Ling-Hwei Chen,Chang-Hsing Lee 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.8 No.6

In this paper, a difference expansion based reversible data hiding approach which achieves the low distortion requirement under the same embedding capacity is proposed. An edge-oriented prediction method and a modified overflow/underflow prevention method are proposed to achieve the requirement. For each pixel, the prediction method uses edge information to get a better predicted value in an attempt to reduce the image distortion. Experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed reversible data hiding method yields lower distortion than several well-known expansion-based reversible data hiding methods.

Purification and Identification of a Novel Antifungal Protein Secreted by Penicillium citrinum from the Southwest Indian Ocean

( Chao Wen ),( Wen Bin Guo ),( Xinhua Chen ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2014 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.24 No.10

A novel antifungal protein produced by the fungal strain Penicillium citrinum W1, which was isolated from a Southwest Indian Ocean sediment sample, was purified and characterized. The culture supernatant of P. citrinum W1 inhibited the mycelial growth of some plant pathogenic fungi. After saturation of P. citrinum W1 culture supernatants with ammonium sulfate and ion-exchange chromatography, an antifungal protein (PcPAF) was purified. The N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis showed that PcPAF might be an unknown antifungal protein. PcPAF displayed antifungal activity against Trichoderma viride, Fusarium oxysporum, Paecilomyces variotii, and Alternaria longipes at minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.52, 6.08, 3.04, and 6.08 μg/disc, respectively. PcPAF possessed high thermostability and had a certain extent of protease and metal ion resistance. The results suggested that PcPAF may represent a novel antifungal protein with potential application in controlling plant pathogenic fungal infection.

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Intestinal Trichomonads in Pet Dogs in East China

Wen-Chao Li,Kai Wang,Wei Zhang,Jingjing Wu,You-Fang Gu,Xi-Chen Zhang 대한기생충학열대의학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.54 No.6