A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study of Cultural Characteristics and Informa tion Search Behaviours of Business Travellers

Che-Chao Chiang,Min-chi Chang,Po-Tsang Chen,Fu-Ming Chiang 세계문화관광학회 2010 Conference Proceedings Vol.11 No.0

This study examines the information searching of business travelers and their behavior based on the cultural differences. Despite growing academic interest in business travel i n recent years, there has been little investigation of the information search behaviors of business travelers in a cross-culture context. The above themes are rational assumed that information search behaviour are necessary to understand. To address the identified gap s in the literature, the proposed relationships are examined and presented through using chi-square method with a survey sample. The research sample included Japanese, English and Chinese business travellers. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to 211 business travelers attending international conventions in Taipei. The research findings reveal that information preferences of business travelers are significantly differed from the three recognized groups in the case of Taiwan. Some significant differences in information search behaviors were recognized amongst the three recognized respondent groups. Marketing implications were also proposed and presented.

Selection of the Lowest Instrumented Vertebra and Relative Odds Ratio of Distal Adding-on for Lenke Type 1A and 2A Curves in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Che-Wei Liu,Lawrence G. Lenke,Lee A. Tan,Taemin Oh,Kou-Hua Chao,Shi-Ding Lin,Ru-Yu Pan 대한척추신경외과학회 2020 Neurospine Vol.17 No.4

Objective: To examine existing literature and pool the data to determine the relative odds ratio of “adding-on” (AO) based on various reported criteria for lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) selection in Lenke type 1A and 2A curves. Methods: Using electronic databases, studies reporting on AO and LIV selection in Lenke type 1A and 2A curves were identified. Studies were excluded if they failed to meet the following criteria: ≥30 patients, Lenke type 1A or 2A curves, thoracic-only fusions, and inclusion of outcome differences in AO and non-AO groups. Review articles, letters, and case reports were excluded. Results: Six studies were identified reporting on 732 patients with either Lenke type 1A or 2A curves treated with thoracic-only fusions. Five different landmarks were used for LIV selection in these studies including the stable vertebra (SV) -1, end vertebra (EV) +1, neutral vertebra (NV), touched vertebra (TV), and substantially touched vertebra (STV) versus nonsubstantially touched vertebra (nSTV) +1. The pooled odds ratios of AO for choosing LIV at levels above the afore landmarks (i.e., ending the construct “short”) versus at the landmarks were 2.59 (SV-1), 2.43 (EV+1), 3.05 (NV), 3.40 (TV), and 4.52 (STV/nSTV+1), all at 95% confidence interval. Conclusion: Five landmarks shared a similar characteristic in that the incidence of AO was significantly higher if the LIV was proximal to the chosen landmark. In addition, choosing STV/(nSTV+1) as the LIV have the lowest absolute risk of AO and the greatest risk reduction. If additional levels were fused (i.e., LIV distal to the landmark), there was no statistically significant benefit in further reducing the risk of AO. Selection of the optimal LIV is a complex issue and spine surgeons must balance the risk of AO with the need for motion preservation in young patients.

Comparing ChatGPT’s ability to rate the degree of stereotypes and the consistency of stereotype attribution with those of medical students in New Zealand in developing a similarity rating test: a methodological study

Chao-Cheng Lin,Zaine Akuhata-Huntington,Che-Wei Hsu 한국보건의료인국가시험원 2023 보건의료교육평가 Vol.20 No.-

Learning about one’s implicit bias is crucial for improving one’s cultural competency and thereby reducing health inequity. To evaluate bias among medical students following a previously developed cultural training program targeting New Zealand Māori, we developed a text-based, self-evaluation tool called the Similarity Rating Test (SRT). The development process of the SRT was resource-intensive, limiting its generalizability and applicability. Here, we explored the potential of ChatGPT, an automated chatbot, to assist in the development process of the SRT by comparing ChatGPT’s and students’ evaluations of the SRT. Despite results showing non-significant equivalence and difference between ChatGPT’s and students’ ratings, ChatGPT’s ratings were more consistent than students’ ratings. The consistency rate was higher for non-stereotypical than for stereotypical statements, regardless of rater type. Further studies are warranted to validate ChatGPT’s potential for assisting in SRT development for implementation in medical education and evaluation of ethnic stereotypes and related topics.

Advanced Droop Control Scheme in Multi-terminal DC Transmission Systems

Che, Yanbo,Zhou, Jinhuan,Li, Wenxun,Zhu, Jiebei,Hong, Chao The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.3

Droop control schemes have been widely employed in the control strategies for Multi-Terminal Direct Current (MTDC) system for its high reliability. Under the conventional DC voltage-active power droop control, the droop slope applies a proportional relationship between DC voltage error and active power error for power sharing. Due to the existence of DC network impedance and renewable resource fluctuation, there is inevitably a DC voltage deviation from the droop characteristic, which in turn results in inaccurate control of converter's power. To tackle this issue, a piecewise droop control with DC voltage dead band or active power dead band is implemented into controller design. Besides, an advanced droop control scheme with versatile function is proposed, which enables the converter to regulate DC voltage and AC voltage, control active and reactive power, get participated into frequency control, and feed passive network. The effectiveness of the proposed control method has been verified by simulation results.

Resource Management in 5G Mobile Networks: Survey and Challenges

Wei-Che Chien,Shih-Yun Huang,Chin-Feng Lai,Han-Chieh Chao 한국정보처리학회 2020 Journal of information processing systems Vol.16 No.4

With the rapid growth of network traffic, a large number of connected devices, and higher application services, the traditional network is facing several challenges. In addition to improving the current network architecture and hardware specifications, effective resource management means the development trend of 5G. Althoughmany existing potential technologies have been proposed to solve the some of 5G challenges, such as multipleinput multipleoutput (MIMO), softwaredefined networking (SDN), network functions virtualization (NFV), edge computing, millimeterwave, etc., research studies in 5G continue to enrich its function and move toward B5G mobile networks. In this paper, focusing on the resource allocation issues of 5G core networks and radio access networks, we address the latest technological developments and discuss the current challenges for resource management in 5G.

Advanced Droop Control Scheme in Multi-terminal DC Transmission Systems

Yanbo Che,Jinhuan Zhou,Wenxun Li,Jiebei Zhu,Chao Hong 대한전기학회 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.3

Droop control schemes have been widely employed in the control strategies for Multi- Terminal Direct Current (MTDC) system for its high reliability. Under the conventional DC voltage-active power droop control, the droop slope applies a proportional relationship between DC voltage error and active power error for power sharing. Due to the existence of DC network impedance and renewable resource fluctuation, there is inevitably a DC voltage deviation from the droop characteristic, which in turn results in inaccurate control of converter’s power. To tackle this issue, a piecewise droop control with DC voltage dead band or active power dead band is implemented into controller design. Besides, an advanced droop control scheme with versatile function is proposed, which enables the converter to regulate DC voltage and AC voltage, control active and reactive power, get participated into frequency control, and feed passive network. The effectiveness of the proposed control method has been verified by simulation results.

Hybrid DC circuit breaker with fault current suppression capability

Mei, Mingwan,Wang, Ping,Che, Yanbo,Ishaq, Muhammad,Xing, Chao The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2021 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.21 No.10

Due to the rapid development of DC transmission, research on DC side fault protection has also made significant progress. The bipolar short-circuit fault is one of the most severe types of DC side faults. It can cause a current surge, which affects the safe operation of a system. Therefore, this paper proposes a new type of hybrid DC circuit breaker (DCCB) to realize the rapid suppression of bipolar short-circuit current. The new DCCB consists of three parts: a nominal current branch (NCB), an energy absorption branch (EAB), and a freewheeling branch (FB). Different control strategies can be adopted to achieve line protection functions for different types of faults. For transient faults, the absorption and suppression of the fault current are achieved mainly through the EAB and FB. The DCCB ensures that the amplitude of the current delivered by the DC line is maintained in a safe operating area of the transmission line. The EAB is disconnected after a short-term of operation for permanent faults to achieve complete isolation between the converter side and the fault side. The parameter design of the DCCB is carried out to provide a reference for the practical application of this research. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed DCCB protection strategy is verified by simulations, and the function of the DCCB is further verified by experiments.

Adaptive coordinated control strategy for multi-terminal flexible DC transmission systems with deviation control

Mei, Mingwan,Wang, Ping,Che, Yanbo,Xing, Chao The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2021 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.21 No.4

Due to the advantages of multiple power supply points and multiple power receiving points, the multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) technology has gradually become the main trend in the future development of DC power grids. The coordinated control of a MTDC system is one of the key technologies to realize the stable operation of power systems. Droop control is an effective coordinated control method to maintain the power and voltage balance of a DC transmission system. However, improper selection of the droop coefficient leads to an imbalance of the power and voltage distribution. An improved coordinated control strategy based on an adaptive droop coefficient is proposed to realize a faster dynamic response and a more reasonable power distribution, which is applicable to all of the topologies of MTDC systems. The power and voltage deviation controls are added to prevent the output power and voltage from exceeding the range that a converter can bear. In addition, a lagging link is added in the current loop to compensate for the delay caused by the current loop and to improve the response speed of the system. Taking the MMC topology as an example, the dynamic characteristics of the proposed control strategy are analyzed, and a four-terminal MTDC simulation model based on the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform has been established to verify the superiority of the proposed strategy under different disturbances.

Study on the constitutive behavior and hot deformation characteristic of Mg-4Sm-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy

Zhong-Yi Cai,Chao-jie Che,Ruo-Han Chang,Li-Ren Cheng,Qing-Min Chen 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.20 No.3

Mg–4Sm–2Zn–0.5Zr alloy is a new type of heat-resistant magnesium alloy, it has the mechanical properties similar to EZ33 alloy but is much cheaper than EZ33 in cost since Samarium (Sm) rather than Nd was employed in the alloy. In this paper, based on isothermal compression tests in the temperature range of 350–450 °C and strain rate range of 0.001–1.0 s−1, the Arrhenius-type constitutive equations for this alloy were established, and the hot working flow behavior and the microstructures of the alloy were examined. To evaluate the hot deformation mechanisms and determine the optimal processing parameters, 3D processing maps under different deformation conditions were developed according to the dynamic material model and Muthy instability criterion. The hot extrusion experiments were carried out, and the results show the predictions of processing maps are in agreement with the experimental results.

CAPTURING PASSENGERS’ VOICES

Yueh-Ling HSU,Chao-Che HSU,Pei-Chi BING 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2007 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.3

This paper presents how airline passenger service requirements can be analyzed by using Kano’s model of quality element classification as well as discusses the potential benefits that can be achieved by applying this approach to make marketing strategy planning. According to Kano’s model, quality elements can be classified into three categories, namely Must-be, One-dimensional and Attractive needs, depending on their ability to create customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Results of this study suggest that airline passenger service elements could be classified analogously with Kano’s model to identify the most important passenger service elements. Impacts of the service elements features on passenger satisfaction or dissatisfaction have been also calculated as measurement indices for improvement.