Reappraisal of Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis as a Prognostic Factor for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Chang Young,Yu Su Jong,Kim Hyo-Cheol,Lee Yun Bin,Cho Eun Ju,Lee Jeong-Hoon,Kim Yoon Jun,Chung Jin Wook,Yoon Jung-Hwan 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2024 Gut and Liver Vol.18 No.1

Background/Aims: This study aimed to assess whether hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) could have favorable prognoses with proper treatment under selective conditions. Methods: This retrospective, single-center study involved 1,168 patients diagnosed with HCC between January 2005 and December 2006, before the introduction of sorafenib. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify and adjust the variables associated with OS. Results: In nodular-type HCC, the OS differed significantly according to the presence of PVTT (log-rank p<0.001), and the level of PVTT, not only its presence, was a major independent factor affecting OS. PVTT at the Vp1-3 branch was associated with significantly longer OS than was PVTT at the Vp4 level (hazard ratio [HR], 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 3.21). In multivariate analysis, the OS was further stratified according to the PVTT level and tumor type, representing that nodular HCC without PVTT exhibited the best OS, whereas nodular HCC with Vp4 PVTT (adjusted HR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.57 to 4.28) showed a poor prognosis similar to that of infiltrative HCC. The PVTT level was consistently correlated with OS in patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization. Nodular HCC without PVTT showed the best prognosis, while nodular HCC with Vp1-3 PVTT also exhibited a favorable OS, although inferior to that without PVTT (adjusted HR, 1.47, 95% CI, 0.92 to 2.36). Conclusions: Active treatment such as transarterial chemoembolization can be considered for selected PVTT cases. The level of PVTT and type of HCC were independent prognostic factors.

A Study on the Process of Sublime Spiritual World of William Blake

( Choi¸ Chang-young ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2017 영어권문화연구 Vol.10 No.3

William Blake's dream, the spiritual form that comforts his soul, was a world of unity through the imagination that harmonizes the natural and human worlds in the idyllic natural landscape where the sound of children, sheep, and flutes can be heard. Blake begins his art world with a refutation of the logic of 18th century's empiricists such as John Locke, Burke and Bacon. The philosophies at that time underestimated the imagination and intuition of the poets and argued that all ideas emerged from external beauty with an emphasis on human's firm reason. The real world of art they reveal is a poet as a role model imitating nature. It is the concept of mirrors that illuminate things, not lamps that shine by themselves. In addition to theses concepts, these philosophers have called it innate ideas, believing that all noble and stubborn thoughts start with such a concept. The artistic world of mystic creativity of early Romantic poet Blake, who attempted to lead the poet's prophetic role, has a remarkable modernity in subjective spiritual function. In fact, current status of knowledge focus on cultivating talented people with creativity. It is similar to strengthening the pluralistic ability through mutual cooperation required by modern society and to emphasizing high personality and etc. and rejects the existing thinking system. And it reminds us of Blake's poetic spirit that emphasizes innovation, creativity, and harmony. Blake tries to overcome the philosophical limitations of contemporary times by combining both genres of literature and painting with his musical elements and harmonizing them into his poetic world. The association theory of contemporary empiricists points out that the domain of imagination can not be presented, and reaches the ultimate theory that only high-level ideas can be obtained through imagination. Based on this philosophical idea, he introduces his own creative worlds, illustrations and poems, and draws his own vision. His Visionary Form is the core concept of his art world. That is, human beings come to assimilate the attributes of God and this development process is embodied in the world theory of innocence and experience. Lamb and Tyger in his representative poem, Songs of Innocence and Experience, are symbols of the world of pureness and experience though, however, we could see Blake's unique philosophical and visionary world of mutual development and perfect harmony through these conflicting concepts. To him, imagination refers to the human being as a recognizing subject and has Divine Image he wanted to pursue throughout his entire life is the attribute of God that man has: Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love. This paper is to trace the process leading to humanity through the symbolism of painting and music, recognizing the limitations of his empirical philosophy and overcoming it, through his sympathy with the divine image that his poetic journey world starting from infancy. In the end, he emphasizes that Divine Image was to embody the spiritual world through this poet's imagination.

Integrated Time Consciousness of William Wordsworth in Immortality Ode

( Choi¸ Chang-young ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2017 영어권문화연구 Vol.10 No.2

The major theme of William Wordsworth’s Immortality Ode is to search for the former visionary gleam that has gone now with the passage of time. For the poet, there was a time when the natural world seemed appareled in celestial light and as the time elapsed he came to the stage of loss of such glorious illuminations. And in this sense of loss and regret for the past time, he tried to recollect and regain his early memories. During this process of mental development, memories play an important role for the poet to have the continuous creative energy. And this was the very moment he could recognize time consciousness, which is natural time and human time. In this poem, Wordsworth went on to see the mature understanding of nature in direct relationship with memory which lead to evoke continuity between human time and nature’s, and finally he could reach the reflective affirmation of this universe. In his poetry, Wordsworth defines the mystical interaction with the nature he experienced when young as the source of poetical vision. Through the mental invocation that reminds the glory of the past and the light of the heaven, he hopes to lighten up the lamp of the poetic sentiment.

Study on the Time Consciousness of Wordsworth in the “Tintern Abbey”

최창영 ( Choi¸ Chang Young ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2015 영어권문화연구 Vol.8 No.3

The concept of time as a tool to understand human nature and the world is different with their historical background. The world of specific and ordinary time experience is made in the organic relationship between man, the subject to be conscious, and the object, and it tells that the power to understand and reconstruct its own experience actively. The linear time consciousness and modernistic psychological concept of time consciousness consists the major concept of nature and man in Wordsworth’s poetry. The most important thing in his self-consciousness is nature, and the modification and recreation through the interaction with nature is conducted through his exploration to the past. Therefore, this poem has a non-chronological nature in the temporal structure and he recorded the significant things among his experiences ignoring the time sequence. The subject of perceiving nature was derived from the conviction that the nature has its own vital soul which derived from the acknowledgement of living presents in nature, seen through the poet’s intuition.

VE프로세스 개선을 위한 모바일 기반의 설계VE 시스템 개발

송창영 ( Song¸ Chang-young ),양병수 ( Yang¸ Byong-soo ) 한국건축시공학회 2021 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.21 No.5

설계VE는 정확한 기능분석 및 대안창출을 통해 최상의 가치를 창출하는 조직적 노력으로써, 설계VE 수행절차에 따라 해당분야 전문가집단이 모여 VE워크샵을 반드시 특정 장소에서 일정기간 내에 수행해야 한다. 설계 VE는 준비단계, 분석단계, 실행단계로 구성하고, 각 단계별로 다양한 운용기법과 분석방법을 사용하여 기능평가, 성능평가, 아이디어평가 등을 정량적인 협의를 통해 이끌어낸다. VE팀원들은 약 3일~5일간 실시되는 워크샵 기간을 정하고 특정 장소를 지정하여 VE검토 대상에 대한 가치창출의 노력을 하고 있다. 그러나 VE 프로세스를 기반으로 최상의 가치를 창출해야 하는 모든 과정을 특정한 일정 이내에 한정된 장소에서 해결하는 것은 많은 문제점이 있다. 또한 국내 VE 워크샵의 경우 설계VE 필요성을 간과하여 워크샵을 단기간 내에 진행하고 있어서, VE팀원은 제한된 시간 내에 모든 설계VE 프로세스를 수행하여야 한다. 이러한 시간과 공간의 제약에 따른 문제점을 해결하기 위해서는 효율적인 설계VE 지원시스템이 반드시 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 설계VE팀원의 효율적인 설계VE 업무를 지원하도록 모바일 환경기반의 설계VE 지원시스템을 개발하였다. 모바일 디바이스를 활용한 설계VE 지원 체계는 VE 워크샵 이전부터 설계도서 및 VE관련 자료를 선검토 하고, 설계VE 워크샵 일정에서 결정한 기능평가 또는 아이디어 평가결과를 워크샵 이후에도 편리하게 재수정 할 수 있도록 지원하는 시스템이다. Value Engineering(VE) is an organized effort to create the most value through a functional analysis and creation of alternatives. Depending on the VE job plan, a VE Workshop must be performed in a certain place within a certain period of time. A VE Workshop, which is an organized activity that aims to create the best value through functional analysis and creation of alternatives, should be held in a certain place and at a scheduled time according to the VE job plan. In the Pre-Study, VE Study and Post-Study phases of VE, functional assessments, performance evaluations and idea evaluations are driven by variable management techniques and analysis methods, respectively. Generally, VE is executed for about 3 to 5 days in a particular place to create value. However, there are many problems associated with limiting all VE processes to a specific place and schedule. Moreover, in Korea, VE teams are required to finish all VE processes in a limited time because of the short duration of VE workshops, the necessity of which has been overlooked. Therefore, an efficient VE support system is required to resolve the problem of time and space limitations. In this study, a VE support system based on the Mobile environment was developed to support the VE Workshop process. This VE support system enables participants to review design documents, drawing sheets and all VE-related documents using mobile devices. After the Workshop, participants can conveniently rearrange the result(evaluation of function and ideas) at the workshop. Not only can the members of VE team can review the design documents, drawing sheet and all VE-related documents in the step before the workshop, but also the result(evaluation of function and ideas) of the workshop can be easily rearranged in the phase after the workshop under the developed supporting system using mobile devices.

The Comparison of Villains in Shakespeare’s Richard Ⅲ and Hamlet

( Choi¸ Chang-young ),( Park¸ Koung-im ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2016 영어권문화연구 Vol.9 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare two villains, Richard and Claudius, in the works of Shakespeare, Richard Ⅲ and Hamlet. For this purpose, two writers focused their interests on the human nature such as good and evil, and discussed the common points and differences of the characters. Richard Ⅲ is one of Shakespeare's political historic plays. The protagonist, Richard makes decision that he will completely be an evil man from the first to the end. In the process of depriving crown, he never wavered from his purpose. On the other hand, Claudius in Hamlet has his brother, late king and Hamlet's father killed and also tries to kill Hamlet. Nevertheless, in an effort to repent his sin, he pres to God several times. This is a small but nevertheless important change compared to Richard. These behaviors, however, are his disguised and disturbed appearances. After the veil was uncovered in the end of the plot, he revealed his hypocritical entity. From this view of the characteristic comparisons, this is an attempt to explore the nature of human's good and evil. Throughout Richard's behaviors, we could see that his consistent bad things draw a conclusion that his attitude of mind can make good-hearted person on his own. This leads to the concept of ‘emptiness’ that good and evil essentially are one. In other words, all ambiguous entities whatsoever in the world are empty of unstructured existence and it is the point of view of Shakespeare.

Male Characters in The Great Gatsby from Perspective on Postcolonialism

( Choi¸ Chang-young ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2016 영어권문화연구 Vol.9 No.3

This paper analyzes the male characters in The Great Gatsby, the representative piece by F. Scott Fitzgerald, in the perspective of new colonialism. The writer aimed at observing the mental state and aeriality of Tom, Gatsby and Nick in association with their relationship with women characters. The novel itself has been dealt in the perspective of American Dream, the author perceives the characters’ material-driven states and its devastation as a type of mental slavery. The American society in 1920s after the World War I is an era of mental devastation with many young people lost in their paths. Although America is the power that dominates the world, the members of the country, who have been ruling many minorities including African Americans had been devastated mentally and culturally. In other words, their mental wilderness is similar to the colonial rule. In order to overcome such state of mind and get self awakening, the characters themselves have to put much effort forth.

지에이아이건축그룹_김창영

김창영(Kim, Changyoung) 현대건축사 2016 월간 CONCEPT Vol.- No.206

Hemodynamic evaluation of the pulsatile ECMO system

Changyoung Yoo(유창영),Sungmin Kang(강성민),Sungwook Choi(최성욱) 대한기계학회 2023 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2023 No.4

Production Functions in Korean Manufacturing

Changyoung Jeong 연세대학교 경영연구소 1972 연세경영연구 Vol.9 No.1