학가산 삼림식생의 식물사회학적 분류와 입지환경분석

김창호,강혜원,정홍락,이호준 建國大學校基礎科學硏究所 1993 理學論集 Vol.18 No.-

영남 동북부 내륙에 위치한 학가산(870m)의 삼림식생을 식물사회학적으로 조사하고, 입지요인에 따른 식물군락의 분포특성을 고찰하였다. 조사지역의 삼림식생은 신갈나무-맑은대쑥 군집으로 밝혀졌으며, 3아군집, 3변군집으로 분류되었다. 즉, A: 뱀고사리 아군집(A-1. 굴참나무 변군집, A-2. 물푸레나무 변군집, A-3.전형 변군집), B:소나무 아군집, C:전형 아군집이다. 종합상재도표에 의한 70 %이상의 고상재도종은 신갈나무(97.5 %), 생강나무(95.0%), 둥굴레(72.5%), 털진달래(70.0%) 쇠풀푸레(70.0%), 싸리(70.0%)등이다. 식물군락의 분포특성은 입지요인에 따라 계곡 부근 및 적습한 사면의 물푸레나무림, 토양습도 및 유기물 함량이 다소 양호한 호적조건의 참나무-당단풍림, 습도와 고도가 중간적인 북사면의 참나무림, 토양조건이 건조하고 비교적 척박한 남.남서 사면의 소나무. 쇠물푸레림, 저지대의 소나무림 등의 5개 생태군으로 밝혀졌다. 종다양도, 우점도 및 종풍부도는 각각 1.047, 0.146, 10.237로 나타났다. The forest vegetation of Mt. Hakka(870m),situated in the inland part of northeastern Yeongnam district, the Korean Peninsula, was investigated phytosociologically. The ecological relationships of the vegetation units are described and discussed. Forest vegetation of the study area was indentified into Artemisio-Quercetum mongolicae KimJ.-W. 1990. And the lower units were classified by the method of Z-M school, i.e. Athyrium yokoscense subass. nov(Quercus variabilis variant, Fraxinus rhynchophylla variant, Typical variant), Pinus densiflora subass. nov.,and Typicum subass. nov..According to the synthesis table, species of the high constance degree(more than 70%) were Q. mongolica(97.5%), L. obtusiloba(95.0%), C. humilis(82.5%), P. odoratum var. pluriflorum(72.5%), R. mucronulatum var. ciliatum(70.0%), F.sieboldiana(70.0%), L. bicolor(70.0%)etc. By two dimensional analysis of temperature(elevation)and moisture(slope aspect) gradients, the forest vegetation were grouped into five ecological types: Ash forest at mesic parts near cove, oak-maple forest at the fertile sites, oak forest at submesic-middle parts of the north slope aspect, pine-ash forest at xeric-infertile soils of the south slope aspect, and pine forest distributed in lowlands. Diversity index, dominance index and species richness were shown as 1.047, 0.146, 10.239, respectively.

Boxing 선수의 체중감량시 개인별 운동능력차에 관한 연구

金昌根,劉鍾萬,鄭樂喜,尹喜重 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所 1983 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.2 No.1

The study was to investigate the limitation of bodyweight reduction in each boxers. The subjects who belong to college caliber elite boxer were measured physiques, physical fitness factors, and treadmill test in normal condition and drug progressive bodyweight reduction. The results which is based on individual data were summarized as follows: 1. In case of subject K.J.S, some of muscular strength factors were decreased with 4 Kilogram bodyweight reduction, but others were sustained normal condition with 5 Kilogram bodyweight reduction. Base on this results, it could be concluded that subject K.J.S.would be sustained normal condition, despite bodyweight was reduced by 5 Kilogram. 2. In case of subject P.K.S., muscular strength, power, agility and cardiopulmonary function were decreased significantly with 4 Kilogram bodyweight reduction. Base on this results, it could be conclude that subject P.K.S wouldn't be sustained normal condition over 3 Kilogram bodyweight reduction. 3. In case of subject J.J.H., there were no significant decreasing in most of tested items, despite the weight was reduced by 5 Kilogram. Based on this results, it could be concluded that subject J.J.H would be sustained normal condition by 5 Kilogram bodyweight reduction. 4. In case of subject S.K.S., muscular strength and cardiopulmonary function were decreased with 4 Kilogram bodyweight reduction. base on this results, it could be concluded that subjects S.K.S. wouldn't be sustained normal condition over 3 Kilogram bodyweight reduction. 5. In case of subject K.S.G., muscular strngth, agility, power, and cardiopulmonary function were even increased after 4 Kilogram bodyweight reduction. Based on this results, it could be concluded that subject K.S.G. would be sustained super-normal condition, despite the weight was reduced by 4 Kilograms. 6. In case of subject L.S.R., power, flexibility, agility and mumuscular strength factors except backmuscule strength were increased. with 4 kilogram bodyweight reduction, but cardiopulmonary endurence was decreased over 3 Kilogram bodyweight reduction. Base on this results, it could be concluded that subject L.S.R. would be sustained normal condition, despite the weight was reduced by 4 Kilogram. 7. In case of subject C.H.G., muscular endurance, flexibility, aagility, muscular sterngth factors except backmuscle strength were increased, but power and cardiopulmonary function were decreased with 4 Kilogram bodyweight reduction respectively. Based on this results, if could be concluded that subject C.H.G. would be sustained normal condition, despite the weight was reduced by 4 Kilograms. 8. In case of subject C.B.H., muscular sterngth, power and agility were increased, and muscular endurance, flexibility were decreased with 4 Kilogram bodyweight reduction respectively. Based on this results, it could be concluded that subject would be sustained normal condition, despite the weight was reduced by 4 kilograms.

心悸와 關聯된 經穴을 支配하는 神經元의 標識部位에 對한 硏究

김낙경,李光揆,李昌炫 대한동의병리학회 1998 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.12 No.1

最近에 많이 利用하는 神經解剖學的 追跡子인 WGA-HRP와 CTB를 使用하여 心悸와 關聯하여 臨床에서 利用되는 神門(H?) 內關(P?) 心兪(B?) 厥陰兪(B?) 및 단중(CV?)을 선택하여 흰쥐에서 이와 相應하는 經穴部位를 支配하는 神經細胞體 및 神經纖維의 標識部位를 中樞神經系內에서 形態學的으로 觀察하였다. 本 實驗 結果로서 心臟의 標識部位와 神門 內關 心兪 厥陰兪 단중의 標識部位 사이의 類似點을 볼 수 있었으며, 또한 心臟에서의 交感神經細胞體 領域의 별모양신경절, 神門에서의 脊髓神經節에 標識된 感覺神經細胞體의 領域과 脊髓에 投射되는 感覺神經纖維, 內關의 脊髓神經節에 標識된 感覺神經細胞體의 領域과 脊髓에 投射되는 感覺神經纖維에서는 左側이 右側보다 優勢하게 標識되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 것은 心臟疾患의 主要徵候의 하나인 心悸에 多用되는 神門 內關 心兪 厥陰兪 단중과 心臟의 神經解剖學的 聯關性을 보여주며, 經絡과 經穴의 機能的 實體를 짐작할 수 있게 해준다. 또한 心臟 및 神門 內關의 標識部位가 左側에서 優勢하게 標識되는 것은 心臟痛의 특징인 右側 上肢보다 左側 上肢에 優勢하게 나타나는 것과도 관련이 있을것으로 思料된다. The location and local arrangement of the motor, sensory neurons and the primary afferent fibers within the brain stem, the nodosal ganglia, the spinal ganglia, the spinal cord and the sympathetic ganglia projecting to the rat's heart and the acupoints B14, B5, CV17, H7 and P6 were investigated by the HRP histochemical staining methods and the CTB immunohistochemical methods following injection of 5% WGA-HRP and 1% CTB into the heart and the acupoints B14, B5, CV17, H7 and P6. 1. The parasympathetic motor neurons innervationg the rat's heart were founded within the nucleus ambiguus, rostoventral reticular neucleus of reticular formation, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve in the brain stem. The sensory nerve fibers in the brain stem were founded in nucleus tractus solitalius in the caudal portion and area postrema of medulla oblongata. The sympathetic motor neurons innervating the rat's heart were labeled within the left and right stellate ganglia, the left and right T4-T9 sympathetic chain ganglia, left side was much more labeled than the right side. The sensory neurons projecting to the rat's heart were founded in the left and right nodosal ganglia, in the left and right C8-T5 spinal ganglia. The primary afferent fibers projecting to the rat's heart were labeled in the dorsolateral part, middle part and medial part of lamina I-V within the C8-T9 spinal cord segments. 2. The priamry afferent fibers projecting to the rat's acupoints B14, B15 were labeled in the left and right posterior horn of lamina I-V within the C8-T7 spinal cord segments, and motor neurons were observed in the left and right anterier horn within the C8-T7 spinal cord segments. The sympathetic motor neurons innervating the rat's acupoints B14, B15 were labeled within the left and right superior cervical ganglia, middle cervical ganglia, stellate ganglia and the left and right T4-T9 sympathetic chain ganglia. The sensory neurons were founded in the T1-6 spinal ganglia. 3. The primary afferent fibers projecting to the rat's acupoint CV17 were labeled in the left and right posterior horn of lamina II-VI within the C7-T6, and motor neurons were observed in the anterior horn within the C7-T6 spinal cord segments. The sympathetic motor neurons innervating the rat's acupoint CV17 were labeled within the left and right middle cervical ganglia, stellate ganglia and the left and right T4-T6 sympathetic chain ganglia. The sensory neurons were founded in the T2-5 spinal ganglia. 4. The primary afferent fibers projecting to the rat's acupoint H7 were labeled in the medial part, middle part of the left and right posterior horn of lamina II-VI within the C5-T2 spinal cord segments, and motor neurons were observed in the left and right anterior horn within the C8-T1 spinal cord segments. The sympathetic motor neurons innervating the rat's acupoint H7 were labeled within the left and right middle cervical ganglia, stellate ganglia. The sensory neurons were founded in the C6-T6 spinal ganglia, left side was much labelled than right side. 5. The primary afferent fibers projecting to the rat's acupoint P6 were labeled in the medial part, middle part of the left and right posterior horn of lamina II-VI within the C5-T2 spinal cord segments, left side was much more labelled than right side, and motor neurons were observed in the left and right anterier horn within the C5-T1 spinal cord segments. The sympathetic motor neurons innervating the rat's acupoint P6 were labeled within the left and right middle cervical ganglia, stellate ganglia. The sensory neurons were founded in the C6-T1 spinal ganglia, left side was much labelled than right side. This results were neuroanatomically suggested that the location of rat's motor and sensory neurons innervating the acupoints(B14, B15, CV17, H7 and P6) related to the palpitation were closely related to those innervating the heart.

결핵성 경부임파선염의 전산화 단층촬영 소견

송창준,정연수,최창락,윤완규,조준식 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1995 충남의대잡지 Vol.22 No.2

Purpose : To evaluate the computed tomography (CT) findings of the cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis Methods and materials : The CT features in 10 patients of tuberculous lymphadenitis were retrospectively reviewed. We characterized the morphologic appearances of lymphadenopathy on post-contrast CT scan and comparatively evaluated the densities of central necrotic portion and peripheral solid portion of necrotic nodes on pre-contrast CT scan. All examines were performed on a General Electric Hispeed Advantage RP System. Ten millimeter and five millimeter contiguous sections from skull base to thoracic inlet were obtained for the pre-contrast and post-contrast images respectively. Results : Most patients were young adults. A painless neck mass was the most common chief complaint and the duration of the symptoms was about 5 months. The average number of diseased lymph nodes was 3.7. Unilateral involvement was 4 times as common as bilateral location. Central necrotic lymphadenopathy was 78.3% of 37 enlarged lymph nodes and the density of the nerotic portion was isodense to the density of the peripheral wall on pre-contrast images in 71.4% of necrotic lymph nodes. The most common morphologic features of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis was the type of a multichambered or conglomerated necrotic lymphadenopathy with a peripheral irregular enhancement. Conclusion : The tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis was highly suggestive when the diseased lymph nodes show the central necrosis, the morphologic features of multichambered or conglomerated necrotic lymphadenopathy with a strong peripheral irregular contrast enhancement, and necrotic materails isodense to peripheral solid portion on pre-contrast CT scan in young adult patients who complain of a painless neck mass.

IAEA의 기준모델과 MASCOT 프로그램을 이용한 중저준위방사성폐기물 천층처분시설 안전성평가

김현주,박주완,김창락 대한방사선 방어학회 2002 방사선방어학회지 Vol.27 No.2

IAEA가 제시한 중·저준위 방사성폐기물 천층처분시설 기준 안전성평가 사례에 대해 MASCOT프로그램을 이용하여 안전성평가를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 기준시나리오에 대한 개념 모델을 개발하였다. 지질계와 생태계의 연결매체인 우물을 통한 지하수 이동경로에 대한 평가를 수행하였고 생태계 모델에서는 구획모델을 적용하여 인간활동을 통한 최종 방사선적 영향을 평가하였으며, 다른 평가 결과와의 비교를 통해 기준시나리오에 대한 개념모델의 적합성을 조사하였다. 본 연구 결과는 구획모델을 이용한 지하수 유동경로에 대한 대표적인 개념모델을 총체적인 처분시스템의 안전성평가에 만족스럽게 이용할 수 있다는 것을 보여주었다. 또한 MASCOT프로그램을 이용하여 복잡하고 다양한 이동경로를 통한 천층처분시설의 방사선적 안전성평가가 가능함을 보였다. A reference scenario of vault safety case prepared by the IAEA for the near-surface disposal facility of low-and intermediate-level radioactive wastes is assessed with the MASCOT program. The appropriate conceptual models for the MASCOT implementation is developed. An assessment of groundwater pathway through a drinking well as a geosphere-biosphere interface is performed first, then biosphere pathway is analysed to estimate the radiological consequences of the disposed radionuclides based on compartment modeling approach. The validity of conceptual modeling for the reference scenario is investigated where possible comparing to the results generated by the other assessment. The result of this study shows that the typical conceptual model for groundwater pathway represented by the compartment model can be satisfactorily used for safety assessment of the entire disposal system in a consistent way. It is also shown that safety assessment of a disposal facility considering complex and various pathways would be possible by the MASCOT program.

고리원자력발전소 주변의 식생과 식물현존량 추정

김성종,이호준,김인택,김창호,정홍락 建國大學校基礎科學硏究所 1995 理學論集 Vol.20 No.-

고리원자력발전소 주변의 식생에 대한 식물사회학적 조사를 실시하였으며, 순1차생산력과 식물현존량을 추정하였다. 또한 상관에 의한 현존식생도 및 녹지자연도를 작성하였다. 종조성표에 의한 식물군락은 소나무군락, 곰솔군락, 서어나무-굴참나무군락, 아까시나무군락으로 구분되었다. 소나무군락은 아교목층(평균식피율 35%)이 빈약하였으며, 서어나무-굴참나무군락은 비교적 안정된 계층구조를 이루고 있었다. 전체적으로 교목층에서 소나무, 곰솔, 아교목층에서 사방오리, 졸참나무, 저목층에서 졸참나무, 사스레피나무, 초본층에서 산거울, 주름조개풀 등의 피복지수가 높았다. 삼림토양의 pH는 4.30~4.85, 유기물함량은 6.04~9.40%의 범위였다. 현존식생도에 의한 분포비율은 곰솔군락(31.4%)이 가장 높았으며, 평균녹지자연도는 5.4였다. Montreal model에 의한 순1차생산력은 1555.2g/㎡/yr, 식물현존량은 단위면적당16,982,21ton/k㎡으로 추정되었다. The forest vegetation and estimation of phytomass and net primary production in the vicinity of Kori Atomic Power Plant was analyzed on the basis of the phytosociological data. Depending on physiognomy, actual vegetation map and the degree of green naturality(DGN) was also drawn in the of 1:50,000. According to Z-M method, the forest vegetation was classified into four communities, which include Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii, Carpinus laxiflora-Quercus variabilis, and Robinia pseudo-acacia communities. The Pinus densiflora community was most poorly covered in tree-2 layer. The Carpinus laxiflora-Quercus variabilis community was relatively stable in the stratum structure. It was generally shown that Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii in tree-1 layer, Alnus firma and Quercus serrata in tree-2 layer, Quercus serrata and Eurya japonica in shrub layer, and Carex humilis and Oplismenus undulatifolius in herb layer had high coverage index. The pHs and contents of organic matter of the forest soil collected in each sites was in the range of 4.30 to 4.85 and 6.04% to 9.40% in average in the communities. The Pinus thunbergii community showed the highest distribution rate(31.4%) in the actual vegetation map. The average DGN was approximately 5.4. Net primary production and phytomass per unit area obtained by Montreal model were estimated to be 1555.2g/㎡/yr and 16,982.21ton/k㎡, respectively.

Radiolysis of Paraffin Encapsulation Wax

Chang Lak Kim,Myung Chan Lee,Won Jae Park,Tae Won Suk,William G. Burns 대한방사선방어학회 1995 방사선방어학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Radiolysis of Paraffin Encapsulation Wax

Kim,Chang Lak,Lee,Myung Chan,Park,Won Jae,Suk,Tae Won,Burns,William G. 대한방사선 방어학회 1995 방사선방어학회지 Vol.20 No.4

파라핀 왁스를 사용하여 건조된 농축폐액을 고화시킬 경우, 방사선적 가수분해에 의해 발생할 가능성이 있는 수소가스의 발생량을 추정하여 보았다. 분석결과에 의하면, 코발트 60의 방사선에너지에 의해 방사선적 가수분해가 주로 발생ㄹ함을 알 수 있다. 200리터 드럼붕 120 리터가 파라핀으로채워졌다고 가정할 때 수소가스 발생은 초기에 4.4 ×10²cm³yr¹이고 100년이 경과한 후는 7.2cm³yr¹로 줄어든다. 수소에 의한 발화점을 25년이 경과한 후 도달할 가능성이 있느나, 폭발한계에는 1000년 이내에 도달할 가능성이 없다. 안전성 관련 주요 한계점이 도달하는 시기는 드럼내 파라핀 왁스의 채움 정도에 매우 민감하게 영향을 받는다. 드럼내 공간의 감소시, 발화점에 도달 시간이 줄어듬을 알수 있다. An estmate is made on the potential generation rate of H₂from radiolysis of the paraffin-wax encapsulant proposed for the solidified liquid concentrate wasteform. The results show tht the radiolytic production of H₂from paraffin-wax-encapsulated waste is dominated by the radiation energy released from ?Co. The radioltic production of H₂will proceed at an initial rate equivalent to aproximately 4.4 ×10²cm³yr¹in 200 litre drums that are partly filled with 120 litres of encapsulated waste. The gas production rate will fall to a value of 7.2cm³yr¹after 100 years. The lower flammable limit for H₂in air will be reached in about 25 years and the lower explosive limit for H₂in air would not be reached in 1000 years. The timescale in which these safety-related limits are reached is strongly dependent on the level of filling of each waste drum. A reduction of the air space inside each drum would reduce the time required to reach the lower flammable limit.

The Analytical Radioactive Waste Repository Source Term REPS Model

Kim, Chang-Lak,Cho, Chan-Hee,Park, Kwang-Sub,Kim, Jinwung Korean Nuclear Society 1990 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.22 No.4

The analytical repository source term (REPS) computer code is developed for the safety assessment of radioactive waste geologic repository. For reliable prediction of the leach rates for various radionuclides, degradation of concrete structures, corrosion rate of waste container, degree of corrosion on the container surface, and the characteristics of radionuclides are considered in this REPS code. For the validation of the radionuclide leach rates predicted by the REPS model, the calculated leach rates of Cs-137, Sr-85, and Co-60 are compared with two reported leaching test results. Cesium and strontium leach congruently, and the leaching test results of these species can be reproduced by the congruent leaching model included in the REPS model. In case of cobalt, the solid diffusion model is in good agreement with the leaching test results.

A Conservative Safety Study on Low-Level Radioactive Waste Repository Using Radionuclide Release Source Term Model

Kim, Chang-Lak,Lee, Myung-Chan,Cho, Chan-Hee Korean Nuclear Society 1993 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.25 No.1

A simplified safety assessment is carried out on rock-cavern type disposal of LLW using the analytical repository source term (REPS) model. For reliable prediction of the leach rates for various radionuclides, degradation of concrete structures, corrosion rate of waste container, degree of corrosion on the container surface, and the characteristics of radionuclides are considered in the REPS model. The results of preliminary assessment show that Cs-137, Ni-63, and Sr-90 are dominant. For the parametric uncertainty and sensitivity analysis, Latin hypercube sampling technique and rank correlation technique are applied. The results of the potential public health impacts show that radiological dose to intruder in the worst case scenario will be negligible and that more attention should be given to near-field performance.