청소년기 태권도 수련생들의 체격 및 체력 요인별 발달 비교

김동제,권창기,가경환 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.2

This study was intended to investigate changes in the physique and fitness by age in adolescence. For this purpose, it attempted to make the first measurement in June, 2001 and the second measurement in 2002 for a total of 15 persons(seven middle school students aged 13 to 14 years and 8 high school students aged 16 to 17 years) practicing Taekwondo at 'S' and 'C' Drill Centers located in South Kyungsang Province. Both measures were conducted over the 2-day period. An attempt was made to compare and analyze the growth rate of physique and fitness factors by age based on data from measurement. As a result, the following conclusion was drawn: First, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the change of height, weight and body fat percent before and after measurement in order to investigate the change of physique(P<.05). Among other things, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the change of height, weight between the period of middle school days(13 to 14 years old) and the period of high school days(16 to 17 years old)(P<.05). It was found that Taekwondo trainees grew more over the period of middle school days(13 to 14 years old) than over the period of high school days(16 to 17 years old). But it was found that there was not a statistically significant difference in body fat percent between both groups(P<.05). But body fat percent reduced over the period of middle school days{13 to 14 years old) but did remain almost unchanged. Second, an attempt was made to measure power(high jump test), agility(side step test), muscular endurance(sit-up) and cardiopulmonary endurance(1500-meter run) to investigate the change of physique. It was found that there was not a statistically significant difference in the change of power(high jump test) and muscular endurance(sit-up) before and after measurement(P<.05). But it was found that there was a statistically significant difference on agility(side-step test) and cardiopulmonary(1500-meter run)(P<.05). It was found that there was a statistically significant difference in agility(side-step test), muscular endurance(sit-up) and cardiopulmonary endurance(1500-meter run) except power(high jump test) between he period of middle school days(13 to 14 years old) and the period of high school days(16 to 17 years old)(P<.05). The high jump test was conducted to investigate the change of power. As a result, it was found that power increase the period of middle school days(13 to 14 years old), whereas it decrease over the period of high school days(16 to 17 years old). On the other hand, the side-step test was conducted to investigate the change of agility. It was found that agility increased in Tawekwondo trainees over both the period of middle school days(13 to 14 years old) and the period of high school daysd(16 to 17 years old), the latter of which it was more or less improved. This study conducted the sit-up test to investigate the change of muscular endurance and the 1500-meter run test to investigate the change of cardiopulmonary endurance. In case of the 1500-meter run, cardiopulmonary endurance decreased over the period of middle school days(13 to 14 years old) but increased over the period of high school days(16 to 17 years old).

펠던크라이스 기법, 탄성밴드 운동 및 복합운동 적용이 현대무용전공자의 체간근력에 미치는 영향

김채수(Kim Chae-Soo),권혜영(Kwon Hye-Young),이원재(Lee Won-Jae),조창모(Jo Chang-Mo),김진환(Kim Jin-Hwan),주성범(Ju Sung-Bum),이미경(Lee Mi-Kyoung) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

This study is carried out to examine the effect of applying Feldenkrais method, elastic band training and combined training on trunk muscle. The subjects of this study were 32 modern dance majors and they were divided into four groups which consists of 8 peoples each, Feldenkrais method group(modern dance + Feldenkrais method), elastic band training group(modern dance + elastic band training), combined training group(modern dance + Feldenkrais method + elastic band training), and control group(modern dance). Measurement variables which are trunk muscle were measured before training, and after 4 and 8 weeks training and the results are as follow: In the left muscle strength change at Centaur 0°, Feldenkrais method group, elastic band training group and combined training group showed significant increase after 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the right muscle strength change, Feldenkrais method group and combined training group had significant increase after 8 weeks training. In the left muscle strength change at Centaur 45°, Feldenkrais method group and combined training group showed significant increase after 8 weeks training compared to before training and after 4 weeks training. Also elastic band training group showed significant increase after 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the right muscle strength change, Feldenkrais method group and elastic band training group significantly increased after 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the left muscle strength change at Centaur 90°, Feldenkrais method group and combined training group showed significant increase after 4 and 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the right muscle strength change, Feldenkrais method group showed significant increase after 4 and 8 weeks training compared to before training, and elastic band training group significantly increased after 8weeks training compared to before training. In the left muscle strength change at Centaur 135°, there was no significant changes. In the right muscle strength change, elastic band training group and combined training group showed significant increase after 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the left muscle strength change at Centaur 180°, combined training group showed significant increase after 4 and 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the right muscle strength change, combined training group showed significant increase after 4 and 8 weeks training compared to before training. From above results, applying 8 weeks regular program of Feldenkrais method, elastic band training and combined training to modern dance majors showed positive changes on improvement of trunk muscle strength and physical strength. Also this study implemented to verify the effects of trunk muscle strength and body balance through supplementary training program, and showed the effects in the training group and control group after 8 weeks trunk muscle strengthening program. Feldenkrais method, elastic band training and combined training are very effective to improve trunk muscle strength of modern dance majors so that continuous implementation and application of these effective training program shall be provided for strengthening trunk muscle.

교회공동체와 학교를 통한 청소년교육의 방법론 연구

성창환 서울장신대학교 출판부 2022 서울長神論壇 Vol.- No.30

The problem that the wave of modernization of Korean society has had on church education is very serious. one of the biggest reasons is the stubbornness of the conservative nature of the church orthodox faith according to change. in addition, the development of civilization that comes from social change makes all areas of life of church members flow to the material aspect rather than the pursuit of faith, which is the spiritual aspect. this is intensifying the problem of church education. and church education for adolescents was almost limited to Christian doctrine, creed, or recitation and delivery of church history. as a result, many teenagers attending church today have no choice but to wander due to their own concerns and conference conflicts without receiving specific guidance or education that can be a measure of ethical judgment amid rapidly changing social and cultural changes. Church education is Christian education, and the core of Christian education is faith. in the past and now, faith has been a firm purpose of education in church education. this is a part that most Christian educators acknowledge. in this respect, we know that the lack of faith is a problem in adolescents' lives and that it is urgent to lead them to more mature faith education. in addition, research on this is urgent as it has been found that even the direction of church education for youth guidance is shaking amid the rapidly changing social wave and confusion of youth values. the purpose of this study is to experience true faith by growing into a responsible being in community life as well as personal personality maturity of adolescents through efficient church education in rapidly changing times.

카드뮴 측적량과 붕어(Carassius auratus) 아가미 조직 변화의 상관성에 관한 연구

배희경,김은경,남성숙,문창규,전성환,나진균,박광식 한국환경독성학회 2002 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Histopathological changes and cadmium accumulations in the gills were investigated in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 mg/l cadmium (Cd)concentrations for 25 days. After 25 days of exposure, cadmium accumulations increased in each of the different exposure concentrations. Histopathological changes in the gills of curcian carp exposed to cadmium included the acidification of mucous cell, the terminal clubbing of lamellae, the hyperplasia of epitherial cell and the curved of secondary lamellae. The similar histopathological changes were observed once the accumulations of cadmium reached the similar levels found in the present study with the different exposure schemes. Also the acidification of mucous cell in gills appeared when cadmium accumulations reached 5 ㎍/g and more. These results suggested that histopathological changes in the gills, an appearance of mucous cell acidification, be used to estimate the relation between toxic effect and cadmium accumulations in the gills.

조직변화를 통한 유니트 케어의 도입 과정 분석

신창환(Chang Hwan, Shin) 경북대학교 사회과학연구원 2016 사회과학 담론과 정책 Vol.9 No.1

노인요양시설은 다양한 욕구와 문제를 가진 노인들이 생활하는 공간으로서 개별화된 전문적인 요양서비스를 제공해야 한다. 한편 공급자 중심의 케어에서 거주자 중심으로의 케어 환경의 변화에 따라 유니트 케어 시스템의 도입 필요성이 제기되고 있으나 관련 연구는 거의 전무하다. 유니트 케어의 도입은 단순한 생활공간의 물리적인 변화뿐만 아니라 조직 전반의 변화가 수반되어야 한다. 이에 본 연구는 유니트 케어의 도입을 실제로 도입한 장기요양시설을 대상으로 조직변화 모형을 적용하여 유니트 케어의 도입과정을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 유니트 케어의 도입에 있어 시설장의 리더십, 조직학습 분위기의 조성, 조직구성원에 대한 보상체계의 확립 등의 요인이 중요하다는 점을 확인하였다. The nursing homes as a living space of the elderly who have various needs and problem should provide the personalized and professional care service. Meanwhile, with the changing of care environment from Facility-centered care to Resident-centered care in nursing home, the introduction of unit-care systems is emphasized. But, there is little research on the unit care system. In terms of organization theory, the introduction of unit care is related to the overall organization change as well as living space change. So this study have analyzed the application case of unit care system through the organization change model focusing on K nursing home. As a result of analysis, this study shows that following factors are important in nursing home: the building of a learning organization, leadership of top leader, a reward systems to motivate.

단파장 자외선(254nm)에 노출된 고밀도 폴리에틸렌 수지의 카르보닐 지수(CI)와 기계적 물성 변화의 관계에 관한 연구

김창환 ( Chang Hwan Kim ),신진용 ( Jin Yong Shin ) 한국공업화학회 2013 공업화학 Vol.24 No.2

This paper studied the possibility to predict a mechanical property variation from changes in created carbonyl bands by irradiating the surface of high-density polyethylene with short-wavelength ultraviolet radiation of 254nm to induce a fast chemical degradation. The meaning of this study lies in checking whether a mechanical property change with the same chemical property as the induced optical deterioration is caused by using a UVC lamp with high photon energy instead of optical deterioration via xenon arc light source and outdoor exposure test via natural sunlight requiring a long time. The mechanical strength of high-density polyethylene checked by a tensile test and a creep destruction test showed a similar tendency with CI changes. In particular, the yield strength and elongation had a close relationship with the exposure time to ultraviolet radiation. Accordingly, this paper presented a method to grasp the mechanical property change outdoors requiring a long time more fast through the relationship between the mechanical property change and the carbonyl index using a UVC lamp causing the fast surface degradation.

Association of Change in Smoking Status and Subsequent Weight Change with Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Jeong Seogsong,Oh Yun Hwan,Choi Seulggie,Chang Jooyoung,Kim Sung Min,Park Sun Jae,Cho Yoosun,Son Joung Sik,Lee Gyeongsil,Park Sang Min 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2023 Gut and Liver Vol.17 No.1

Background/Aims: Smoking is considered a risk factor for the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the association of a weight change after a change in smoking status and the risk of NAFLD remains undetermined. Methods: This study used the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. Based on the first (2009 to 2010) and second (2011 to 2012) health examination periods, 139,180 adults aged at least 40 years were divided into nonsmoking, smoking cessation, smoking relapse, and sustained smoking groups. NAFLD was operationally defined using the fatty liver index. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression. Results: Compared to nonsmoking with no body mass index (BMI) change, the risk of NAFLD was significantly increased among subjects with BMI gain and nonsmoking (aOR, 4.07; 95% CI, 3.77 to 4.39), smoking cessation (aOR, 5.52; 95% CI, 4.12 to 7.40), smoking relapse (aOR, 7.51; 95% CI, 4.81 to 11.72), and sustained smoking (aOR, 6.65; 95% CI, 5.33 to 8.29), whereas the risk of NAFLD was reduced among participants with BMI loss in all smoking status groups. In addition, smoking cessation (aOR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.35 to 2.29) and sustained smoking (aOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.39 to 1.94) were associated with higher risk of NAFLD among participants with no BMI change. The liver enzyme levels were higher among participants with smoking cessation and BMI gain. Conclusions: Monitoring and management of weight change after a change in smoking status may be a promising approach to reducing NAFLD.

조기 천장골염의 자기공명영상 소견

김태환 ( Tae Hwan Kim ),전재범 ( Jae Bum Jun ),심승철 ( Seung Cheol Shim ),장대국 ( Dae Kook Chang ),고회관 ( Hee Kwan Koh ),정성수 ( Sung Soo Jung ),이인홍 ( In Hong Lee ),배상철 ( Sang Cheol Bae ),유대현 ( Dae Hyun Yoo ),전의용 대한류마티스학회 1998 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.5 No.2

목적: 천장골염의 유무가 척추 관절염의 진단에 중요한데 단순 골반 검사에서 변화가 없는 환자를 대상으로 MRI를 이용하여 천장골염의 조기변화 소견 및 MRI방법에 따른 장점을 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 단순 골반 검사에서 천장골염 유무가 확실하게 구분되지 않은 혈청 음성 척추 관절염 환자 26명을 대상으로 MRI를 시행하고 염증의 주침범위치를 천측과 장측, 관절의 상하로 구분하고, MRI방법에 따른 변화를 비교하였다. 결과: 모든 예에서 조영 증강되는 판누스를 관찰할 수 있었고, Grade I 이하에서는 장골측과 관절하부, 인대성 관절보다 활막성 관절을 더 많이 침범하였다. Grade II 이상에서도 장골측과 관절 하부에 더 많았으나 인대성 관절을 Grade I이하에서보다 더 많이 침범하였다. 관절 주변 지방 침착역시 장골측과 관절 하부에 더 주로 침범하였고 Grade II 이상에서 약간 더 많았다. 관절 주변 골염은 Grade 0에서는 없었고, Grade I에서는 주로 장골측과 관절 하부에서 92%가 양성이었고, Grade II에서는 93%에서, Grade III에서는 64%에서 양성으로, 장골측을 주로 침범하였으나 관절 상하부의 구분은 없었다. 인대성 천장골 관절은 Grade I 이하에서 38%, II 이상에서는 94%에서 침범하였다. 관절 주변 골염과 지방 침착, 그리고 판누스의 관찰에는 MPGR보다 스핀에코 영상이 좋았고, 관절면의 불규칙성 또는 관절강의 확대와 관절 강직여부의 관찰에는 스핀에코에 비해 MPGR 영상이 좋았고, 연골하 경화는 비슷하였다. 천장골염의 정도와 ESR, CRP와의 연관성은 없었다. 걸론: 천장골 관절에서 염증의 시작은 주로 장골 측과 관절의 하부에서 먼저 시작되고, 관절이 진행될수록 장골측에서 천골측까지로 범위가 확대 되었다. MRI방법에 의한 차이로 초기단계에는 스핀에코 영상이 관절염을 확인하는데 도움이 되고 관절면이 불규칙하게 되고 경화가 되어 병이 진행된 상태에서는 MPGR영상이 진단에 더 도움이 되었다. 염증성 배부 동통이 있는 경우 단순 골반 검사에서 이상이 없는 환자인 경우에도 MRI 검사를 시행하여 천장골염의 유무를 확인하는 것이 중요하다. Objective: The early detection of sacroiliitis on X-ray is important to diagnose spondyloarthropathy(SpA). The conventional radiography, bone scan, and computer tomogram have the problems of sensitivity, specificity, and side effects. We examined sacroiliitis using MR imaging in patients who had inflammatory back pain, but no definite changes in conventional radiogrphy. Other radiologic techniques were compared in detection of early sacroillitis. Methods: Twenty six patients with SpA were examined. The MRI findings of both sacroiliac joints were evaluated in every patients, such as pannus, periarticular osteitis and fat accumulation, subchondral sclerosis, and joint space changes(irregularity, ankylosis). Also we analyzed the changes of sacroiliac joints in sacroiliitis. Results: The predominant sites of involvement were upper aspect and iliac surface of sacroiliac joint in subchondral sclerosis, lower and iliac in pannus, periarticular fat accumulation, and iliac in periarticular osteitis. The MPGR images were superior to spin echo images in evaluation of joint space changes(irregularity, and ankylosis). Conclusions: Sacroiliitis is initiated in iliac side and lower portion of sacroiliac joints. MRI can detect early changes of sacroiliitis in patients with no conventional radiographic changes. MRI seems to be needed in patients with inflammatory back pain.

기후변화와 키메라현상에 대한 계층 간의 관계인식

백정애(Jungae Baik),김인경(In Kyoung Kim),김진영(Jin Yung Kim),노용환(Yong Hwan Noh),배선영(Sunyoung Bae),우명원(Myoung Won Woo),장혁기(Hyukki Chang),조성돈(Sung Don Cho),장매희(Maehee Chiang) 인간식물환경학회 2011 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.14 No.3

This study was investigated to research the basis of interdisciplinary fusion through the survey on the basis of the answers of professionals and general public, gender, humanities, science and engineering about the question of climate change and chimera which is one of the various phenomena that affect the human life. All respondents’ perceptions of climate change was high and natural disasters was showed the most destruction according to climate change. The answer of awareness of climate change and the damage, chimerism was significant differences between age groups sex, specialized domain-specific individuals. In addition, a group of respondents for science and engineering professionals was higher for awareness of climate change and the chimerism and heir negative opinion for chimerism was relatively low in comparison of other research groups.

Evaluation of a Dual-Cooled Annular Fuel Heat Split and Temperature Distribution

YANG, Yong Sik,SHIN, Chang Hwan,CHUN, Tae Hyun,SONG, Kun Woo Atomic Energy Society of Japan 2009 Journal of nuclear science and technology Vol.46 No.8

<P>The heat flux and fuel temperature of an annular fuel rod was analyzed using a newly developed program, DUO_THERM. The dual-cooled annular fuel rod has both inner and outer coolant channels. The heat fluxes to inner and outer claddings can change during irradiation because of the variation in the gap conductances of the inner and outer sides. The heat flux is a very important design factor affecting fuel integrity and safety. However, in an annular fuel design, the prediction of heat flux is very complicated because it is closely connected with size changes of two gaps, which are different from each other during irradiation. A burnup increase and power change can cause pellet and cladding radial deformation and eventually change the gap width. Because an annular fuel has two gaps at both sides and their heat resistances are very large, an imbalance of the gap width can lead to heat flux asymmetry. Therefore, a pellet and cladding dimensional change including densification, swelling, creep, and thermal expansion must be considered in the calculation of heat flux and temperature. By using the DUO_THERM program, the changes in heat flux and temperature during an operation were evaluated with respect to a reference design of an annular fuel. The results of the evaluation showed that the heat flux of an annular fuel was greatly affected by the inner and outer gap conductance changes. The heat flux of the inner cladding was maximum at zero burnup, but that of the outer cladding was maximum at the burnup of the outer gap closing. In addition, the maximum fuel temperature location was changed by gap conductance asymmetry.</P>